ON THE ISSUE OF THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FOR MILITARY PURPOSES

The actual questions of capacity improvement, modernization of operating capability, resources of the intelligence service by introducing remotely piloted aircrafts are considered in this article. The examples of tactic-technical specifications of the models of remotely piloted aircrafts, their advantages as well as the estimation of increased possibilities of the enemy’s facilities detection are provided.   Bibliography Entry Akshlakov, K., G. Baiseitov, A. Boiko, and A. Temirbekuly. 2020. "On the Issue of the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Military Purposes." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 129-132

FEATURES OF USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE FOR INCREASING POSSIBILITY OF UNIT'S COMBAT CAPABILITIES

This article deals with topical issues of increasing capabilities, Upgrading combat capabilities, forces and intelligence equipment through the introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles. Examples of tactically and technically effective models of unmanned aerial vehicles, their advantages and calculations to increase the probability of detecting an enemy object are given.   Bibliography Entry Akshlakov, K., G. Baiseitov, A. Boiko, and A. Temirbekuly. 2020. "Features of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Increasing Possibility of Unit's Combat Capabilities." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 133-138

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation is associated with reduced levels of inflammation in glioma patients

Raushan Auezova,1 Natalia Ivanova,2 Serik Akshulakov,1 Berik Zhetpisbaev,1 Aizhan Kozhakhmetova,1 Nurzhan Ryskeldiyev,1 Khalit Mustafin,1 Daniyar Teltayev,1 Lizette Auezova31Department of Pathology of the Central Nervous System, National Center for Neurosurgery, Astana, Kazakhstan; 2Scientific Department, Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery (a branch of Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Center), Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; 3Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences-II, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonBackground: Glioma patients with mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase have improved survival; this could be in part due to the suppressive effect of mutant IDH on the level of chronic inflammation. This study aimed to prospectively analyze the association of IDH1 mutation status with preoperative levels of blood inflammatory markers: neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and red cell distribution width (RDW) in gliomas.Patients and methods: Receiver operating characteristic curves for cutoff value determination, various bivariate tests, and survival analyses (Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression) were performed.Results: Patients with mutant IDH1 had reduced levels of NLR (P<0.032) and CRP (P<0.008). Moreover, these patients showed better median overall survival compared to those without IDH1 mutation (P<0.000). In univariate analysis, IDH1 mutation status (P<0.000), NLR (P<0.000), PLR (P<0.008), and CRP (P<0.001) were among the factors associated with survival. By multivariate analysis, IDH1 mutation (P<0.044) and NLRP<0.022) remained independent factors associated with better survival; other independent variables were tumor grade (P<0.000) and location in noneloquent area (P<0.015).Conclusion: The obtained results show that IDH1 mutation is associated with lower levels of chronic inflammation that could account for an improved prognosis in this group of patients.Keywords: glioma, IDH, inflammation, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, surviva

Surgical treatment of drug resistant epilepsy in Sturge-Weber syndrome: review of the literature and clinical case presentation

The paper addresses the relatively rare inherited neurodermal disorder – Sturge-Weber syndrome that can manifest in epileptic seizures. We describe updated concepts, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and surgical treatment of the disease. We examined medical records of 21 patients (aged from 1 to 11 years) with Sturge-Weber syndrome treated over the period of 1996-2016. After surgical treatment of 10 patients (five cases with hemispheretomy and five – with multifocal resection), positive outcomes (Engel class I, II) were found in 70% of cases, and negative (Engel class III, IV) – in 20% of cases. Оne child suddenly died during epileptic seizures. In non-operated children (age from 2 to 5 years) under our observation, an improvement was noted in six cases, no changes – in three cases, and a further progression of the disease – in three cases. In this article, we analyze two of these cases in detail

Microvascular Anastomosis Training in Neurosurgery: A Review

Cerebrovascular diseases are among the most widespread diseases in the world, which largely determine the structure of morbidity and mortality rates. Microvascular anastomosis techniques are important for revascularization surgeries on brachiocephalic and carotid arteries and complex cerebral aneurysms and even during resection of brain tumors that obstruct major cerebral arteries. Training in microvascular surgery became even more difficult with less case exposure and growth of the use of endovascular techniques. In this text we will briefly discuss the history of microvascular surgery, review current literature on simulation models with the emphasis on their merits and shortcomings, and describe the views and opinions on the future of the microvascular training in neurosurgery. In “dry” microsurgical training, various models created from artificial materials that simulate biological tissues are used. The next stage in training more experienced surgeons is to work with nonliving tissue models. Microvascular training using live models is considered to be the most relevant due to presence of the blood flow. Training on laboratory animals has high indicators of face and constructive validity. One of the future directions in the development of microsurgical techniques is the use of robotic systems. Robotic systems may play a role in teaching future generations of microsurgeons. Modern technologies allow access to highly accurate learning environments that are extremely similar to real environment. Additionally, assessment of microsurgical skills should become a fundamental part of the current evaluation of competence within a microneurosurgical training program. Such an assessment tool could be utilized to ensure a constant level of surgical competence within the recertification process. It is important that this evaluation be based on validated models

Microvascular Anastomosis Training in Neurosurgery: A Review

Cerebrovascular diseases are among the most widespread diseases in the world, which largely determine the structure of morbidity and mortality rates. Microvascular anastomosis techniques are important for revascularization surgeries on brachiocephalic and carotid arteries and complex cerebral aneurysms and even during resection of brain tumors that obstruct major cerebral arteries. Training in microvascular surgery became even more difficult with less case exposure and growth of the use of endovascular techniques. In this text we will briefly discuss the history of microvascular surgery, review current literature on simulation models with the emphasis on their merits and shortcomings, and describe the views and opinions on the future of the microvascular training in neurosurgery. In “dry” microsurgical training, various models created from artificial materials that simulate biological tissues are used. The next stage in training more experienced surgeons is to work with nonliving tissue models. Microvascular training using live models is considered to be the most relevant due to presence of the blood flow. Training on laboratory animals has high indicators of face and constructive validity. One of the future directions in the development of microsurgical techniques is the use of robotic systems. Robotic systems may play a role in teaching future generations of microsurgeons. Modern technologies allow access to highly accurate learning environments that are extremely similar to real environment. Additionally, assessment of microsurgical skills should become a fundamental part of the current evaluation of competence within a microneurosurgical training program. Such an assessment tool could be utilized to ensure a constant level of surgical competence within the recertification process. It is important that this evaluation be based on validated models