Excitation Process of Helium Atoms by the Impact of 100-200 keV Protons

Excitation cross sections of some states of helium by the impact of 100-200 keV protons were studied under various excitation conditions. The lateral distributions of light source were also measured. In the higher target gas pressure region, the excitation of n¹P(n＝3, 4) levels are greatly increased by the effect of the imprisonment of resonance radiations, and the 4¹, ³D and 3³P levels are also influenced by the effect of a collisional transfer. The 4¹S state is mainly excited by a direct collision with incident protons even at the higher gas pressure

Excitation of the n=4 Levels of He⁺ by the Impact of H⁺, He⁺ and He²⁺ Ions

The emission cross sections of Hell (4→3) 4686 Å line by the incident beams of 0.5-1.5 MeV H⁺, 1.0-2.5 MeV He⁺ and 1.0-2.0 MeV He²⁺ are studied. By measuring the lateral distribution of the light intensity, the excitation of He⁺ (n＝4) levels is found to be caused by direct collision. The emission cross section by the proton impact is due to the ″ionization process″ and shows an E⁻¹ dependence, while that by the helium ion impact is due to the “charge transfer process” as well as the “ionization process” and shows a steeper energy dependence

Excitation of Nitrogen Molecule by the Impact of 80-160 kev Proton

Light emission from nitrogen molecules excited by the impact of 80-160 kev protons was studied over a wave length ranging from 3300 to 5400 Å. The lateral distributions of the light intensities were also measured. From the target gas pressure dependence of the light intensities and their lateral distributions, it was shown that the state B²Σ⁺ᴜ of N⁺₂ was excited by a direct proton collision, and that the state C³IIᵤ of N₂, having a singlet-triplet mixing, was excited by secondary processes

A sensitive cloud chamber without radioactive sources

We present a sensitive diffusion cloud chamber which does not require any radioactive sources. A major difference from a commonly used chamber is use of a heat sink as its bottom plate. A result of a performance test of the chamber is given.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, iopart.cls, figures and references adde

Discussion

The subsurface structure and sedimentary facies in the Beppu Bay basin were studied using 2D seismic and 3D high-resolution seismic (3D-HRS) surveys. A series of high-angle faults extend near the southern bay coast and are interpreted as active traces of the laterally moving Median Tectonic Line (MTL). A releasing bend of the MTL forms a pull-apart sag around the bay bottom accompanied by numerous normal fractures, whereas a compressional bulge is emerging on the southern side of the bay, suggesting complicated and transient stress states in the late Quaternary strata. Based on the general development history of the Hohi Volcanic Zone (HVZ), the lower, middle, and upper seismic horizons are assigned to 5–6 Ma (initial stage of the HVZ), 0.7 Ma, and 0.3 Ma, respectively. We identified three auxiliary reflectors within the upper part of the sediment pile and correlated them with oxygen isotope stages 15–11. These stratigraphic constraints are used to discuss paleoenvironments in the latest Pleistocene by means of an amplitude root mean square attribute analysis of the 3D-HRS data, which successfully delineated a buried river channel that was active during the last glacial period

The Latent Risk of Acidosis in Commercially Available Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) Products: a Randomized Clinical Trial in Postoperative Patients

To evaluate the latent risk of acidosis in commercially available total parenteral nutrition (TPN) products, three types of commercially available TPN products were compared in postoperative patients. Sixty-four hospitalized patients with gastro-intestinal disease who undertook curative gastro intestinal resection were studied prospectively and administered with TPN solutions. Three types of commercially available TPN products were assigned randomly to eligible patients. Serial studies of blood acid-base status, serum electrolytes, and urinary acid-base status were conducted in the three groups administered with different TPN solutions. Patients received appropriate electrolytic solutions on the operation day and TPN solution from 2 to 7 days after operation. There were no differences among any of the serum electrolytes in the three groups. In one group, urinary pH decreased slightly and urinary net acid excretion (NAE) increased significantly after administration. This TPN product contains about 40 mEq/L of non-metabolizable acid to avoid the Maillard reaction that produces a complex of glucose and amino acids. Urinary NAE did not change in the other two groups. These TPN products do not use non-metabolizable acid to adjust pH. The present results suggest that the non-metabolizable acid may be a risk factor of metabolic acidosis