Effect of Padina australis extract on growth, feed, fatty acids profile and carcass composition in Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Padina astraulis extract on the growth performances (final weight (FW) and daily growth ratio (DGR)), feed indices (feed conversion rate (FCR), voluntary feed intake (VFI), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lipid efficiency ratio (LER) and body chemical (protein, fat, moisture and ash) and fatty acid profile of Mugil cephalus for 62 days. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 360 of Mugil cephalus larvae (with average weight of 0.82±0.02g) in 4 treatments and 3 replicates (n=30 in each replicate) and included: control group without using algae extract, an another groups (treatment 2, 3 and 4) the amounts of this extract were 5,10 and 15 g/kg food. The results showed that at the end of experiment, the highest FW (4.22±0.11g), DGI (1.77±0.51%), the lowest FCR (0.95±0.05), the highest VFI (2.81±0.12 %), the highest PER (2.91±0.78), the highest LER (3.66±0.54), the highest crude protein (23.51±0.98%), the highest crude lipid (18.95±0.08%) and the highest poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) including C18:2n-6 (6.51±0.04%), C18:3n-3 (4.81±0.09%) and C20:5n-3 (EPA) (5.21±0.10%) were observed in the diet containing 15 g /kg algae extract in all of these parameters, treatment 4 showed a significant difference compared with control group (P<0.05). Finally, the present findings revealed that diet containing 15 g/kg Padina astraulis could improve growth, feed performances, carcass quality and increase PUFA level in Mugil cephalus larvae

Effects of the aromatase inhibitor Letrozole on serum immunoglobulin and lysozyme levels in immunized rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) females

Letrozole is a synthetic aromatase inhibitor and interfere in the committed step in the synthesis of endogenous estrogens from androgens. Also estrogens regulate the immune system in teleost. Changes of 17- β- esrtradiol (E2), serum immunoglobulin and lysozyme levels were measured using a method based on the ability of lysozyme to lyse the bacterium Micrococcus lysodeikticus, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ELISA respectively. Twelve broodstocks were injected weekly with 2.5 mg kg-1 letrozole (an endocrine disrupter component) two months before spawning season and vaccinated intraperitoneally (i.p) with a bacterin (inactivated L. garviae) one month before spawning. Twelve broodstocks for vaccination and twelve female rainbow trout as control group were also immiunised (i.p) with the bacterin and injected (i.p) with PBS, respectively. In the group received 2.5 mg AI kg-1 per week, serum E2 levels were significantly lower than that of other groups. Total immunoglobulin level and lysozyme activity were significantly higher in the parents received 2.5 mg kg-1 per week and were immunized with 10-9 cells ml-1 Lactococcus garvieae  compared to the group which immunized with L. garvieae and the control (non- immunized). The present study, suggests that aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole may be a potential tool to regulate the synthesis of E2, is involved in the hormone- immune system interaction in rainbow trout

Growth yield, survival, carcass quality, haematological, biochemical parameters and innate immune responses in the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus Linneaus, 1758) fingerling induced by Immunogen® prebiotic

The present study goals to shed lights on the effect of prebiotic Immunogen on growth performance, survival, carcass quality, haematological and biochemical factors as well as innate immune responses of the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus L.). Basal diets as prebiotics at three concentrations were added to grey mullet: Treatment-1, 0.5 g kg−1; Treatrment-2, 1 g kg−1 and Treatment-3, 2 g kg−1. Number of 12 fiberglass tanks (60-L) with 3 replicates for the treatment group (n = 30 per tank with average initial weights 8.32 ± 0.39 g) and the control group was considered. After 60 days, grey mullet receiving the experimental diets showed a significantly better growth yield compared to those fed the control diet. Addition of prebiotic to experimental diets led to significant difference (p  .05). At the end, humeral innate immune responses (Ig levels and lysozyme activity) were significantly higher in 2 g kg–1 immunogen-fed fish (p < .05). The results indicate that the application of prebiotic to the diet of grey mullet showed a positive effect on growth, glucose, WBC rates and innate immune responses

Growth performance and lysozyme activity of rainbow trout fingerlings fed with vitamin E and selenium, marjoram (Origanum spp.), and ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) extracts

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E and selenium, marjoram (Origanum spp.), and ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) extracts on growth performance and lysozyme activity of rainbow trout fingerlings. The results of this study showed that adding ajwain (1%) and marjoram (2%) extracts and Vitamin E plus selenium (1%) significantly increased (P < .05) the growth factors compared to the control group in rainbow trout. In addition, the survival rate (SR) was 100% after applying the oxygen shock test on trout fed with 1% and 0.5% ajwain extract and 0.5% vitamin E plus Selenium supplement, which was significantly higher than other groups (P < .05). Another finding showed that 1% vitamin E plus selenium supplement and diets containing ajwain and marjoram at the level of 1% had significantly the highest value compared to other groups (P < .05). The measured total antibodies level showed that the groups 1% vitamin E plus Selenium supplement, 1% marjoram, and 1% and 2% ajwain, respectively, had the highest levels compared to the control group. It was shown in the present study that feeding rainbow trout fingerlings with 1% ajwain and marjoram extracts and vitamin E plus selenium as dietary supplements improved growth factor, lysozyme activity and SR

Effects of the aromatase inhibitor Letrozole on serum immunoglobulin and lysozyme levels in immunized rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) females

Letrozole is a synthetic aromatase inhibitor and interfere in the committed step in the synthesis of endogenous estrogens from androgens. Also estrogens regulate the immune system in teleost. Changes of 17- β- esrtradiol (E2), serum immunoglobulin and lysozyme levels were measured using a method based on the ability of lysozyme to lyse the bacterium Micrococcus lysodeikticus, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ELISA respectively. Twelve broodstocks were injected weekly with 2.5 mg kg-1 letrozole (an endocrine disrupter component) two months before spawning season and vaccinated intraperitoneally (i.p) with a bacterin (inactivated L. garviae) one month before spawning. Twelve broodstocks for vaccination and twelve female rainbow trout as control group were also immiunised (i.p) with the bacterin and injected (i.p) with PBS, respectively. In the group received 2.5 mg AI kg-1 per week, serum E2 levels were significantly lower than that of other groups. Total immunoglobulin level and lysozyme activity were significantly higher in the parents received 2.5 mg kg-1 per week and were immunized with 10-9 cells ml-1 Lactococcus garvieae  compared to the group which immunized with L. garvieae and the control (non- immunized). The present study, suggests that aromatase inhibitors such as letrozole may be a potential tool to regulate the synthesis of E2, is involved in the hormone- immune system interaction in rainbow trout