Epidemiology, Outcomes And Prognostic Factors In Orbital Lymphoma In The United States

Purpose: We performed an epidemiological study of orbital lymphoma in the United States to determine how histological subtypes confer differing prognosis, and understand other factors associated with survival. Methods: All patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database diagnosed with a histologically confirmed orbital lymphoma between 1973 and 2014 were included. Exclusion criteria included diagnosis at autopsy and the presence of other malignancies. Measures included patient demographic information, histological subtype and treatment modalities. Outcomes included overall and disease specific survival. Results: Of the 1504 cases identified, 702 were male (46.7%, mean age: 64.4 years, standard deviation [SD]: 15.3) and 802 were female (53.3%, mean age: 67.5 years, SD: 14.3). Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (49.5%) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (19.5%) were the two most common histologic subtypes. MALT lymphoma conferred the best prognosis (10-year cancer specific survival [CSS] 90.2%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 87.4% – 93.1%) and DLBCL conferred the worst prognosis (10-year CSS 68.6%, 95% CI 62.5% – 75.3%) (p\u3c0.001, log-rank test). Older age above 50 (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 3.71, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.94-4.66, p\u3c0.001), male sex (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.039-1.441, p = 0.015), no radiation (HR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.46-2.02, p\u3c0.001) and DLBCL histology were significant predictors of worse overall survival. Conclusions: DLBCL histology confers the worst outcomes whereas MALT lymphoma confers the best outcome in orbital lymphoma. Age, gender, and radiation treatment also influence survival. These epidemiological results can be used clinically to communicate outcomes on the basis of patient characteristics and disease histology

The role of simulators in improving vitreoretinal surgery training - A systematic review

Objective: To conduct an appraisal of current evidence regarding the effectiveness of EyeSi®-based training of vitreoretinal surgery.Methods: The systematic review was conducted in July 2020, and comprised literature search on Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase for articles regarding simulation training in vitreoretinal surgery. The shortlisted articles were subjected to qualitative analysis. Existing evidence was assessed, and predictions on how outcomes may be applied to improve vitreoretinal surgery training were made. The risk of bias of each study was calculated in line with the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook.Results: Of the 124 articles identified, 7(5.6%) were shortlisted; 5(71.4%) established construct validity; 1(14.3%) discriminate validity and 1(14.3%) concurrent validity. Analysis disclosed minimal bias in the selected studies.Conclusions: Current evidence on simulation training in vitreoretinal surgery suggests it is a thoroughly validated training tool with minimal risk of bias. Vitreoretinal surgery training programmes should adopt and gauge the impact simulation training has on patient-related outcomes

THE ATTITUDE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TOWARDS CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENTS THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA

Purpose of the study: The study aims to identify the factors that influence students’ attitudes when celebrity endorsements are used through social media. It seeks to determine how effective endorsements are from the consumers’ point of view. Methodology: A study model was developed to show the effect of different factors on students’ attitudes. A quantitative approach was used for data collection to support the model. This study employed a survey method using a questionnaire to gather information from participants. Main findings: The findings show celebrity characteristics and social media advertisements affect students’ attitudes. The results were positive for students’ attitude towards celebrity endorsements through social media. Applications of the study: The study provides insights into how businesses should plan marketing campaigns and influence students’ attitudes towards celebrity endorsements through social media. Companies are encouraged to use social networks to track and respond to the opinions of their customers in a timely manner. Novelty/Originality of this study: There is a shortage of literature that is associated with celebrity endorsements through social media. This study aims to fill in the gap in knowledge and practice by identifying business opportunities and optimizing available marketing tools that can be used in order to gain a better image

Two Verses (2:60 and 2:61) of Surah Al-Baqarah, Comparative Study of Brahui Translation Pattern.

This research paper aims to analyze and compare the Brahui translation patterns in two selected verses from Surah Al-Baqarah (Chapter 2) of the Quran. The study focuses on the linguistic aspects of translation, particularly examines how different cases, pronouns, verb inflections, and phrases are employed in translating the Arabic text into Brahui in two distinct verses. The verses chosen for analysis are 2:60 and 2:61, and the focus will be on the usage of different grammatical cases, pronouns, and verb inflections. The paper utilizes primary and secondary sources of Brahui translations, namely those by Dinpuri (1916) and Dinpuri (2019), as well as Lehri Alasari (1992). By conducting a comparative analysis of these translations, the paper aims to shed light on the specific linguistic characteristics of the Brahui language and its patterns in Quranic translation

Single lung ventilation in a young child for repair of coarctation of aorta

Single lung ventilation in small children is extremely challenging. In this case, a paediatric bronchial blocker was successfully inserted in a 19-month-old child to provide single lung ventilation using a modified insertion technique. It provided excellent working conditions during thoracotomy and our method of insertion may help in reducing the cost

knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast cancer and breast self-examination among female detainees in Khartoum, Sudan 2018.

Introduction: breast cancer is the common cancer among females and a leading cause of mortality among them globally, its rates are three times higher in developing countries. Breast self-examination (BSE) had an important role in early detection, increasing the survival rate of breast cancer patients, despite these benefits, the rates of practicing BSE are low, especially in developing countries. Objective: to assess the levels of awareness about breast cancer, and BSE among the detainees of Dar-Altaebat facility, a female’s detention facility in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods: a cross-sectional study conducted at Dar-Altaebat a female imprisonment facility in Khartoum, Sudan. 354 participants were randomly selected from the total population of the facility. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire, which was composed of socio-demographic section, knowledge section, attitude section, and breast self-examination section. Data was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences(SPSS) software. Results: 330 participants responded to the questionnaire, their mean age was (31, SD: 11.2) years, 126(38.2%) of them were illiterate, 196(59.4%) were married, and the majority of them 177(76.3%) were housewives. their overall knowledge score revealed that 185(56.2%) of them had poor knowledge about breast cancer. 218(66.3%) of them had poor knowledge about breast self-examination, however 314(95.3%) thought that it was important. 315(95.5%) of the participants had poor practice towards breast self-examination. Conclusion: poor levels of knowledge about breast cancer were reported among the detainees. Additionally, their level of knowledge and practice of breast self-examination was also low, thus more health education campaigns are recommended in such facilities

Can simulators be applied to improve cataract surgery training: A systematic review

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic review of existing literature on simulation-based training of cataract surgery. Available literature was evaluated and projections on how current findings could be applied to cataract surgery training were summarised. The quality of included literature was also assessed.Methods and analysis: The PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles pertaining to simulation training in cataract surgery on 18 November 2019. Selected articles were qualitatively analysed.Results: A total of 165 articles were identified out of which 10 met inclusion criteria. Four studies reported construct validity of the EyeSi simulator. Six studies demonstrated improved surgical outcomes corresponding to training on the simulator. Quality assessment of included studies was satisfactory.Conclusion: Current studies on simulation training in cataract surgery all point towards it being an effective training tool with low risk of study biases confounding this conclusion. As technology improves, surgical training must embrace and incorporate simulation technology in training

GRAPHENE/SILICON SCHOTTKY JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY

Silicon p-n junction solar cells have a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 12%. Graphene, which has unique properties is an excellent material for solar cells with the potential to achieve higher PCEs. Since 2009, researchers have started to integrate CVD-graphene with Si substrates to develop Schottky junction solar cells with potentially higher PCE. However, there are several challenges remaining in designing and fabricating these cells. In this project, a novel graphene/Si Schottky junction solar cell with a back-contact structure was fabricated to increase the active area and also enable a texturing process to be implemented on the front of Si substrates. With this structure, a graphene layer and contacts are placed on the back-side of Si substrates, which reduces the optical loss from the front contact. Thus, the active area of graphene/Si Schottky junction solar cells is increased, thereby leading to an improvement in the PCE. By applying the texturing process, the light reflected from the front of Si substrates is reduced, resulting in an additional increase in the PCE. Two novel techniques were also developed to overcome the serious issue of the s-shape J-V behaviour in previous graphene/Si Schottky junction solar cells. Itwas shown that the removal of the PMMA residue left on graphene layers is critical to eliminate the s-shape in the J-V curves as this residue traps charge carriers, leading to the s-shape. In this case, formamide and deep UV (DUV) treatments were employed to transfer residue free CVD-graphene onto Si ii substrates. By reducing the PMMA residue, devices displayed a noteworthy enhancement in the PCE compared with that of untreated devices. As a result of reducing the PMMA residue and applying the texturing process, solar cells with PCE of 10% have successfully been fabricated. This value is a new record for graphene/Si solar cells prepared without chemical doping, and it is about 45% more than those for devices reported so far. To further enhance the device performance, the graphene layer was chemically p-doped, leading to a higher PCE of 14.1%. Hence, the achieved values of PCE in this work are comparable with those of conventional p-n junction solar cells. Additionally, there is a possibility to further improve the performance of graphene/Si Schottky junction solar cells by using multi-graphene layers instead of a monolayer. This further reduces the sheet resistance of transferred graphene layers, leading to a higher PCE. This work presents a feasible way to prepare simpler and higher performance graphene/Si Schottky junction solar cells that are able to sustain the positive influence of graphene in solar cell technology.The Higher Committee For Education Development in Ira