Depression among children at shelter care institutions in Terengganu Malaysia

Background: Depression is a state of psychological disease that occurs to someone divers in age due to certain reasons. Among the factors include lack of self-confidence, problematic family, stress, low self-esteem and social environment. It could lead to a mental disorder that endangers the mental health. Aim: To investigate the status of children's depression using the Children Depression Inventory (CDI) at 21 shelter care institutions in Terengganu Malaysia. Methodology: A quantitative research design was used. The sample consists of 404 respondents from 21 Islamic shelter cares such as Tahfiz, Madrasah and Orphanage in Terengganu Malaysia from the age of 10 to 18 years. Data was analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) which were then computed to identify the most dominant factors whereas reducing the initial five parameters with recommended >0.50 of factor loading. Results: Forward stepwise of DA shows the total of groups validation percentage by 92.08% (17 independent). The result showed that the highest frequency of respondent index was at a moderate level (62.87% of respondents). This showed that children still can be controlled and cared to reduce depression. Keywords: Children, depression, Shelter Car

Role of psychological factors on the performance of elite soccer players

The application of psychological strategies to improve performance in sports has developed significantly over the past few decades. Nowadays, coaches are beginning to realize the significance of psychological factors in enhancing player’s performance. However, determining the magnitude of the impact of psychological factors in a soccer game may assist in developing player’s capacity to perform. This study aims to determine the role of psychological factors on the performance of elite soccer players. We enrolled elite players competing in the Malaysian Super League with a mean age of ± 25 years. Psychological constructs questionnaire proposed by PSIS-R-5 was administered to the players, and the scores of each player were recorded. We analyzed the performances of the players for eight weeks. A standard multiple regression was performed at p = 0.05 alpha levels with the motivation, confidence, anxiety control, mental preparation, team emphasis, concentration and cognition as (IVs) to predict performance (DV). A Noteworthy regression equation was found (F (7, 12) = 15.109, P < .001) with R² of .90 indicating that the model has approximately accounted for the total of 90% variability. Although correlations were found.57, .14, .88, .71, .65, .76 and .42 respectively between the (IVs) and the (DV), none of the (IVs) is a predictor of the (DV) (P > 0.05). Based on the results of this analysis, it is tempting to conclude that, despite the correlation between psychological factors and performance, psychological factors alone could not determine the performance of elite soccer players

The advancements and use of technological strategies in performance analysis of soccer: an update

Performance analysis in the game of soccer involves the collections of series of data based on relevant performance indicators on player’s performance to aid accelerate his development. The development of technological devices in performance analysis of soccer began from manual notation system to different sort of devices which ranges from simple to complex each having its own advantages and shortcomings. The purpose of this paper is to review the technological advancement in the performance analysis of soccer. Three significant improvements were discussed highlighting the contribution as well as the limitation of each system in the performance analysis of the game. Hand notational systems, tablet application systems, as well as computerized video analysis systems, were deliberated. Although each of the system used has its own contribution in the provision of feedback to improve performance, computerized video analysis system is considered to be the best in providing information for assisting the coach to improve both individual and team performances

Development of tablet application based notational analysis system and the establishment of its reliability in soccer

Multiple systems of notational analysis are been used in performance analysis of soccer to provide coaches and players with information on their performance. The development of these various notational analysis tools has further made the analysis of players and team performance possible to deliver information to coaches in real time. Establishing reliability for notational analysis in soccer is necessary for the information to be relied upon. Despite this development, however, most performance analysts seldom report the reliability of their analysis assuming that the present of performance indicators could reflect the reliability of their analysis. This paper aims to develop a tablet-based notational analysis system and establish its reliability in the game of soccer. Performance indicators related to the requirement for the game were identified, operationalized and installed on tablet application. Eleven performance analysts were provided with eleven tablets installed with StatWatch application and instructed to analyse the performance of a particular player during a soccer match based on the performance indicators. Cronbach’s alpha and Cohen’s Kappa reliability testing was employed to test the consistency as well the level of agreement between the performance analysts at p ≤ .05 level of confidence. The result shows α=.90 and K=.89 (0.10, 95%), p < .001, respectively which suggested a high consistency of their measurement and indicated that the agreement between the performance analysts on their analysis was perfect and far beyond chance. Reliability in the notational analysis of soccer using tablet application could be achieved. Performance analysts should ensure the reliability of their analysis before being relayed to the coaches to avoid any bias and misleading information

Establishing reliability in notational analysis of soccer of Malaysia

Numerous methods of notational analysis are been used in performance analysis of soccer to provide coaches and players with information on their performance. Creating reliability for notational analysis in soccer is necessary for the information to be relied upon. Nevertheless, most performance analysts seldom report the reliability of their analysis assuming that the present of performance parameters could reflect the reliability of their analysis. The purpose of this study is to establish reliability in the notational analysis of soccer. Performance indicators associated with the demand for the game were identified, operationalized and installed on tablet application. Eleven performance analysts were provided with eleven tablets set up with Stat watch application and instructed to analyse the performance of a particular player during a soccer match based on the performance indicators. Cronbach’s alpha and Cohen’s Kappa reliability testing was employed to test the consistency as well the level of agreement between the performance analysts at P ≤ 0.05 level of confidence. The result shows α=0.90 and K=0.89 (0.10, 95%), P < 0.001, respectively which suggested a high consistency of their measurement and indicated that the agreement between the performance analysts on their analysis was perfect and far beyond chance. Reliability in the notational analysis of soccer using tablet application could be achieved

Development of Long-Term Talent in Sports Model Based on Anthropometric and Motor Fitness Components using Multivariate Analysis

The study attempts to use multivariate analysis to evaluate the profile of male player for developments of Long-Term Talent in Sports (LT-TiS) model based on anthropometric and motor fitness components. Data of anthropometric and motor fitness included power, flexibility, coordination and speed were obtained from 2019 respondents aged  year. Data interpretations were carried out using multivariate analysis of Principle Components Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant analysis (DA). The adequacy of sampling has been measured using Bartletts tests on sphericity and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) has been used, with this conformance of running the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Then, Discriminant Analysis (DA) were used to validate the correctness of group classification by LT-TiS model. Then, Discriminant Analysis (DA) were used to validate the correctness of group classification by LT-TiS. As a result, two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 were extracted which accounted for 55.00% of the variations present in the original variables was found. The two factors were used to obtain the factor score coefficients explained by 27.86% and 27.21% of the variations in player performance respectively. Factor 1 revealed high factor loading on motor fitness compared to factor 2 as it was significantly related to anthropometrics. A model was obtained using standardized coefficient of factor 1. Three clusters of performance were shaped in view by categorizing; ,  and  as good, moderate and poor performance respectively. Six discriminated variables obtained using forward and backward stepwise mode by DA including weight, height, standing broad jump, hand wall toss, sit and reach and 20 meter run. Variables have been established as an important indicator of choosing talented player

The effects of multi-sport intervention on agility performance among young athletes

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a multi-sport intervention on the agility performance of young athletes aged 13 to 14 years old. A total of 40 athletes participated voluntarily in the study and were randomly assigned to either the experimental group 1 (n=20) or the multi-sport training group (n=20) using a quasi-experimental method. The experimental group 2 (EXP2) underwent multi-sport training which included football, futsal, sepak takraw, volleyball, basketball, and netball, while the experimental group 1 (EXP1) only received training in football and futsal. The Quadrant Jump Test was used to measure agility performance three times: pre-test (baseline), post-test 1 (week 6), and post-test 2 (week 12). The results showed that the multi-sport training group led to a significant improvement in agility performance, as indicated by a two-factor repeated measures ANOVA (F(1, 19) = 10214.43, p < .001) and significant main effects of both intervention and time on agility performance (F(1, 19) = 28.65, p < .001 and F(1, 19) = 418.61, p < .001, respectively). In conclusion, the multi-sport intervention proved to be beneficial for young athletes and should be included in the training routines of children and adolescents at all levels of sports academies and developmen

Spatial Pattern Recognition of School Performance Based on Anthropometric and Motor Parameters using Multivariate Analysis and Kriging Interpolation Technique

The purpose of this study is to determine spatial pattern recognition of school performance based on children’s anthropometric and motor skills component. This study involved 93 primary schools with a total 2237 male students aged 7.30±0.28 years in Pahang, Malaysia. The parameters of anthropometric (weight and height) and motor component included low muscular power (standing broad jump), flexibility (sit and reach), coordination (hand wall toss) and speed (20 meter run) were selected. Cluster Analysis (CA) and Discriminat Analysis (DA) under Multivariate Method and technique of Kriging Interpolation in Geographic Interpolation Software (GIS) were used. CA revealed two clusters of school performance. There are a total 34 high performance schools (HPS) and 60 low performance schools (LPS). Then, the assigned groups were treated as independent variable (IV) while anthropometric and motor parameters were treated as dependent variable (DV) in DA. Standard mode of DA obtained 95.74% correctness of classification matrix with three discriminated variables (height, standing broad jump and 20 meter run) out of six variables. Meanwhile, forward and backward stepwise mode of DA discriminated only one (standing broad jump) out of six variables with 96.81% of classification correctness. The map output of Kriging interpolation has shown graphically the pattern of discriminated variables that greatly influence school performance. It exposed the ability of children develop their motor skills in particular region is higher than another region. This finding would suggest that follow up studies must be carried up to investigate the factors of these pattern could happened

The relative age effect on physical fitness of school children

This study aims to investigate the existence of the relative age effect among school children in Perak, Malaysia. A total of 3143 boys and 2700 girls aged seven years old in Perak, Malaysia were involved in this study. Within each year group, four-quarter birth-month groups were formed. There are quarter 1 (Q1), school children born from January to March; Quarter 2 (Q2), from April to June; Quarter 3 (Q3), from July to September; Quarter 4 (Q4), from October to December. They underwent body weight and standing height measurements with fitness tests that included standing broad jump, sit and reach, hand wall toss, and 20-meter run. A one-way ANOVA test with a Tukey post hoc test was used to determine whether there were any significant differences between the birth quartiles and children’s physical fitness. Present findings found anthropometrics, leg power, coordination, and speed are different significantly between birth-quartile groups in boys and girls school children. In summary, there is a relative age effect that contributes to children born early in the year having a physical and physiological advantage. There are naturally different levels of fitness depending on age. This information is useful for researchers, teachers, and education policymakers to consider the month of birth, both in terms of practicality and the impact of physical fitness assessment

A cluster analysis of identifying team and individual sports athlete based on anthropometric, health and skill related components

The purpose of this study is to identify the essential fitness attributes in an individual sport and team sport. A total number of 218 male competitive youth athletes aged 13 to 21 years old were examined anthropometric, health and skill-related performance parameters (PP). Anthropometric parameters namely, weight, height, sitting height, and arm span were tested while the health-related parameters consisting of sit and reach, 1 min sit up, push up, handgrip, predicted VO2max, and medicine ball throw were also collected. The 20 m speed, vertical jump, standing wide jump, stork stand test, and t-test represented the skill-related component tests. Based on the three components, hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) was utilized to group the athlete concerning their similarities in the PP examined. The athletes’ performance within the clusters differs in three areas: age and arm span are significant in individual sports while height, weight, and sitting height are vital for team sports. Muscle endurance is shown to be essential in individual sports. Meanwhile, vertical jump and 20 m speed are more attributed to individual sports while standing broad jump, stork stand test, and t-test are more inclined to team sports. Some fundamental traits could determine the type of sport suitable for athletes. These traits should be prioritized for identifying team or individual sports athletes. The findings could aid coaches in making decisions about the types of sports that could best suit an athlete for better performance delivery