Bioproduksi (+)-Epiepoksidon Oleh Jamur Endofit Diaporthe SP. E Yang Diisolasi Dari Tanaman Teh [Bioproduction of (+)-Epiepoxydon by the Endophytic Fungus Diaporthe SP. E Isolated From a Tea Plant]

Six kinds of the endophytic fungi have been isolated from a tea plant. One of them identified as Diaporthe sp. E based on their morphological characters and rDNA sequens. By the cultivation in liquid medium, the endophytic fungus produced (+)-epiepoxydon besides gentisyl alcohol and toluquinol

Identifikasi Molekular Dan Karakterisasi Morfo-Fisiologi Actinomycetes Penghasil Senyawa Antimikroba

The objectives of study were to identify antimicrobial producing Actinomycetes using 16S rDNA analyses and morphology and physiology characteristics. Eight Actinomycetes strain with the higest antibacterial and antifungal activity were selected and identified using six primers (20F, 520F, 920F, 1500R, 920R, and 520R). Morphological observation and physiology analyses were performed to the selected strain to accurately identify the strains. Morphological characters observed were aerial mycelium, spore chain, colony form, and pigment production. Physiological characterizations were antimicrobial properties, growth temperature, pH tolerance, salinity concentration for growth, sugars assimilation, and some enzymes production (arginine dihydrolase, urease, ß-glucosidase, protease, ß-galactosidase). Based on homology search by BLAST program and phylogenetic tree analyses, all of isolates were identified as the genus Streptomyces. They belong to eight different spesies. Isolates RC-SS-37-4, RC-SS-37-16 and BL-22-3 have been identified as Streptomyces costaricanus (100 %), Streptomyces costaricanus (99.8 %) and Streptomyces parvulus (98.6 %), respectively. Five isolates were identified as Streptomyces spp. (BL-36-1, BL-20-2, BL-14-2, BL-22-1 and BL-06-5) and can be presumed as new species because of the low homology value to their closest related spesies

Komposisi Kimia Minyakastiri Pala Wegio {Myristica Fatua Houtt.)*[chemical Composition of Essential Oil in Pala Wegio {Myristica Fatua Houtt.)]

Aril and seeds of "pala wegio" {Myristica fatua Houtt),as one of endemic plants from Moluccas, contained 0.81% and 0.73%essential oils respectively.Gas Chromatography & Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analyses indicated two similar major components (>10%) in aril and seeds essential oils of "pala wegio", (-) a-Copaene (aril 36.11% & seeds 29.81%) and caryophyllene (aril 18.05% & seeds 34.62%).However, the seeds essential oil had the third major component unindentified with 17.58% content

Komposisi Minyak Atsiri Dari Tiga Jenis Tumbuhan Rutaceae* [ Composition of Essential Oils From Three Rutaceae Species Plant]

Rutaceae is one of the essential oil resources that is very potential for medicinal, perfumery and other use This study was conducted to analyze the essential oil components resulted from water distillation of kalamanjarik leaves (Micromelum minutum), jeruk \epara leaves ILimnocitrus litoralis) and the leaves and the stem bark of malapotung (Evodia qlabra). The results showed the leaves of kalamanjarik contained approximately 0,70%, jeruk jepara 0,21%, malapotung leaves 0,17% and the stem bark contained 0,50 % essential oils. GCMS analyses of the essential oils gave 3 major components of kalamanjarik leaves i.e /J-pinene (24,41%j, bergamiol (23,01%) and nerolidol (18,90%) and 2 major components of jeruk jepara leaves i.e fl-mircene (70.55) and /t-pinene (24,06 %). Essential oil of malapotung leaves consisted of 39,8J% ct-pinene, 14,26 % 1aR(1aa,4a/3,7a,7aa,7ba)decahydro -1,1,7-lrimethyl-4-methylene-1H-cycloprope azulene and 16,62% S-cadinene as major components, while the stem bark had only one major component, u-pinene (68,37 %) The minor components of the four essential oils will be discussed

Fitokimia Dan Farmakologi Cendana (Santalum Album L.)

Dalam peradaban timur, cendana telah digunakan secara tradisional semenjak 4000 tahun yang Ialu. Minyak atsiri yang diperoleh dari kayu cendana digunakan dalam upacara keagamaan dan sebagai obat-obatan. Dalam kebudayaan barat, cendana hanya digunakan sebagai bahan parfum kelas utama. Bam setelah tahun 1920-an, sejalan dengan perkembangan aromaterapi, bangsa barat mulai memanfaatkan cendana sebagai bahan obat-obatan. Minyak atsiri adalah substansi kimia yang membuat cendana menjadi berharga, baik secara ekonomi, bahan obat dan bahan parfum. Setiap bagian tumbuhan cendana memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri yang bervariasi. Bagian akar memiliki kandungan minyak tertinggi, yaitu 10 %, kemudian diikuti oleh bagian teras batang (4-8 %) dan ranting (2-4 %). Delapan puluh sampai 90% dari minyak cendana terdiri dari senyawa santalol dengan isomer a-santalol dan p-santalol sebagai komponen utama. Dalam perdagangan intemasional, minyak cendana kelas satu haruslah mengandung santalol minimal 90% dari kandungan total minyaknya. Dalam aromaterapi minyak cendana dikenal sebagai salah satu bahan alami yang berkhasiat sebagai sedatif, relaksasi dan mengatasi kasus insomnia serta serangan asma. Laporan terakhir juga menyebutkan bahwa minyak cendana bersifat menghalangi efek karsinogenik dari zat kimia. Alpha-santalol sebagai komponen utama minyak cendana dapat mengurangi kasus papiloma (tumor kulit) sebesar 32 %

ANALISIS KOMPONEN KIMIA DAUN WATI {Piper Methysticum Forst. F) [Analysis of Chemical Compounds of Wati {Piper Methysticum Forst. F]

Wati(Piper methysticum Forst.f.)leaves has been used as narcotic in some parts of Irian Jaya since longtime ago. The GCMS analysis of wati leaves organic extracts(hexane,chloroform, methanol)has detected 48 components consisted alkanes,oxygenated hydrocarbons, fatty acid, steroids and alkaloids,including 5 major components, i.e. dihydro kawain,anisol p-undecyl, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-on, levulinic acid and one of unknown component.Forty-three other minor components will be discussed

Eksplorasi Keanekaragaman Aktinomisetes Tanah Ternate Sebagai Sumber Antibiotik

Exploration of Soil Actinomycetes Diversity from Ternate as Indigenous Antibiotic Sources.Actinomycetes of soil samples from Ternate, North Moluccas were isolated using SDS-YEmethod in humic acid vitamin agar. Ternate has high abundance of Actinomycetes, approximately6.00 – 487 x 104 CFU/ g soil, depends on habitat types. We have selected 60 isolates andconducted antibiotic screening against pathogenic bacteria and fungi using agar diffusionmethod and found both narrow and broad antibiotic spectrum types . Based on 16S rDNAanalysis, all Actinomycetes with antibiotic activities are belong to the genus Streptomyces. .Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) value was determined by broth microdilution method.It was found that MIC values varied, depended on microbial tested. We found two isolateswith higher antibiotic activity compared to the commercial antibiotics (chloramphenicol,erythromycin for antibacterial and nystatin, kabicidin for antifungal). Cell destruction analysiscaused antibiotic activities was conducted through leak of protein and nuclatic acid