Change in serum creatinine and cystatin C levels of 500 outpatients exposed to ioxitalamate.

<p>Mean of serum creatinine (panel A) and serum cystatin C (panel B) concentrations before (baseline) and after administration of ioxitalamate, according to treatment group. Treatments: NAC (N-acetylcysteine plus saline; group 1), NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate plus saline; group 2), NAC+NaHCO3 (N-acetylcysteine plus sodium bicarbonate plus saline; group 3), saline (group 4). Means among the treatment groups did not differ significantly. Error bars indicate 1 standard deviation about the mean.</p

Flow of 500 outpatients through a parallel trial of four treatments for preventing CI-AKI.

<p>Practice of the trial design. Abbreviations: CI-AKI (contrast-induced acute kidney injury), IV (intravenous), NAC (N-acetylcysteine), NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate).</p

Baseline Traits and Infused Volumes of 500 Outpatients Hydrated After Exposure to Contrast Medium.

<p>Description of outpatients in the intent-to-treat sample (n = 500) randomized to treatment. Groups were compared by using a chi square test for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables.</p>a<p>χ² = 8.553, df = 3, 2-tailed P-value. Treatment: group 1 (N-acetylcysteine plus saline; NAC), group 2 (sodium bicarbonate plus saline; NaHCO₃), group 3 (N-acetylcysteine plus sodium bicarbonate plus saline; NAC+NaHCO₃), group 4 (saline). Abbreviations: ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker), B-blocker (beta-adrenergic blocking agent), CCB (calcium channel blocker), CI-AKI (contrast-induced acute kidney injury), eGFR (MDRD) (glomerular filtration rate estimated with a Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula), eGFR (sCys C) (glomerular filtration rate estimated with a serum cystatin C formula).</p><p>Baseline Traits and Infused Volumes of 500 Outpatients Hydrated After Exposure to Contrast Medium.</p

Incidence of CI-AKI in 500 Outpatients Hydrated After Exposure to Ioxitalamate.

<p>Efficacy of treatment in preventing outpatients in the intent-to-treat sample (n = 500) from developing CI-AKI after exposure to contrast medium.</p>a<p>2-tailed P-values resulting from chi square analysis;</p>b<p>χ² = 14.139, df = 3, post hoc analysis using the Bonferroni method indicated a significantly lower incidence of CI-AKI in Group 1 than in Group 2 (P-value = 0.006) and Group 3 (P-value = 0.024) but not Group 4 (P-value = 0.876);</p>c<p>χ² = 3.289; df = 3. Abbreviations: CI-AKI (contrast-induced acute kidney injury), sCr (serum creatinine), sCys C (serum cystatin C). Treatments are described in the legend of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0107602#pone-0107602-t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p><p>Incidence of CI-AKI in 500 Outpatients Hydrated After Exposure to Ioxitalamate.</p

Multiple logistic regression analysis of potential confounding.

<p>Adjustment for potential confounding of the effect of infused volume and of baseline diabetes and renal disease on induction of CI-AKI by ioxitalamate in the intent-to-treat (n = 500) and high risk (n = 250) samples. sCr (serum creatinine mg/dL); sCys C (serum cystatin C; mg/dL). Definition of CI-AKI (contrast-induced acute kidney injury): sCr≥(baseline+0.3 mg/dL) and/or both sCr and sCys C≥(baseline · (1+10%)).</p>a<p>Regression models adjusted or unadjusted for potential confounding by infused volume and by baseline diabetes and renal disease.</p>b<p>Predictor (all treatments included saline): NAC (N-acetylcysteine), NaHCO₃ (sodium bicarbonate), saline alone; infused volume (total volume of oxitalamate plus treatment administered intravenously).</p>c<p>bolded 2-tailed P-values were considered statistically significant and refer to the null hypothesis that the odds ratio = 1.</p>d<p>Difference in odds ratios (%) = (100 · ((Unadjusted odds ratio) – (Adjusted odds ratio))/(Unadjusted odds ratio)); a difference of at least 10% (bolded value) was considered evidence of confounding.</p>e<p>Patients at high risk of developing CI-AKI due to affliction with diabetes mellitus or renal dysfunction at baseline or due to receiving >140 mL of ioxitalamate.</p><p>Multiple logistic regression analysis of potential confounding.</p

Average number of hospitalizations per month for acute myocardial infarction, per season, according to gender and age group.

<p>Average number of hospitalizations per month for acute myocardial infarction, per season, according to gender and age group.</p

Monthly average temperature levels and number of hospitalizations per month for acute myocardial infarction.

<p>Monthly average temperature levels and number of hospitalizations per month for acute myocardial infarction.</p

Monthly average temperature levels and number of hospitalizations per month for heart failure.

<p>Monthly average temperature levels and number of hospitalizations per month for heart failure.</p

ARIMA analysis on the seasonal variation of the rates of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure, and on the association between hospitalization rates and temperature levels.

<p>ARIMA analysis on the seasonal variation of the rates of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure, and on the association between hospitalization rates and temperature levels.</p

Additional file 3: Table S2. of Characterization and clinical significance of right ventricular mechanics in pulmonary hypertension evaluated with cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking

Correlation coefficients of right ventricular strain indices (absolute values) with CMR and RHC-derived parameters. (DOCX 82 kb