Sky Brightness at Zenith During the January 2019 Total Lunar Eclipse

Lunar eclipses occur during the full moon phase when the moon is obscured by Earth’s shadow. During these events, the night sky brightness changes as the full moon rises and then passes first into the penumbral and then the umbral shadow. We acquired sky brightness data at zenith using a Unihedron Sky Quality Meter during the 20–21 January 2019 total lunar eclipse as seen from Morehead, Kentucky. The resulting sky brightness curve shows an obvious signature when the moon enters the umbral (partial) eclipse phases and the total eclipse phase. During the total eclipse phase, the brightness curve is flat and measures 19.1 ± 0.1 mag / arcsec2. The observed brightness at totality is close to typical new moon in January night at our location, which measures 19.3 ± 0.1 mag / arcsec2. The partial eclipse phase is symmetric on either side of totality. The penumbral phase is more difficult to identify in the plot, without comparison to a typical full moon night. There is a clear asymmetry in the curve just before and just after the umbral phase. This asymmetry is probably due to changes in terrestrial atmospheric conditions, such as high altitude clouds

Estimating the size of Earth’s umbral shadow using sky brightness light curves during a lunar eclipse

We present a simple method to estimate the size of Earth’s umbral shadow in a classroom setting. The method uses the published sky brightness curves obtained during a total lunar eclipse and requires only a conceptual understanding of lunar eclipses and simple geometric considerations. It is suitable for use in introductory and upper level astronomy courses

A Content Analysis Investigating Relationships Between Communication and Business Continuity Planning

This study provides an exploratory content analysis of business continuity planning (BCP) literature. The researchers systematically sampled multiple databases and codified artifacts using a set of variables developed by the research team. Based on the analysis, arguments are presented concerning the nature of BCP, the state of the BCP literature, and the nature of the conversations taking place in regard to BCP among academics, government/legal institutions, the media, and trade industries. Finally, the researchers demonstrate gaps in the current knowledge on BCP and suggest future directions for applied and theoretical research.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Nocturnal Observations of Thermodynamic and Kinematic Properties in a Wind Turbine Array Boundary Layer Using an Instrumented Unmanned Aerial System

Observation, simulation, and modeling have shown that wind farms have an impact on the near-surface atmospheric boundary layer as turbulent wakes generated by the turbines enhance vertical mixing. These changes alter downstream atmospheric properties. With a large portion of wind farms hosted within an agricultural context, changes to the environment can potentially have secondary impacts such as to the productivity of crops. The authors, amongst others, have demonstrated changes to relative humidity and temperature within the wind turbine array boundary layer during daylight observations made by small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS). The obtainment of permission to fly at night and higher altitudes, along with the enhancement of the sUAS instrumentation suite with fast-response 3D sonic anemometers, enabled observations during overnight hours and at altitudes above the top turbine tip height. This talk details observed changes to thermodynamic and kinematic properties during an overnight field campaign undertaken during the summer of 2019 around a utility-scale wind turbine located within a variety of crops

Multidimensional biomarker predicts disease control in response to immunotherapy in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: Anti-PD-1 therapy provides clinical benefit in 40-50% of patients with relapsed and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (RM-HNSCC). Selection of anti- PD-1 therapy is typically based on patient PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) which has low specificity for predicting disease control. Therefore, there is a critical need for a clinical biomarker that will predict clinical benefit to anti-PD-1 treatment with high specificity. METHODS: Clinical treatment and outcomes data for 103 RM-HNSCC patients were paired with RNA-sequencing data from formalin-fixed patient samples. Using logistic regression methods, we developed a novel biomarker classifier based on expression patterns in the tumor immune microenvironment to predict disease control with monotherapy PD-1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab). The performance of the biomarker was internally validated using out-of-bag methods. RESULTS: The biomarker significantly predicted disease control (65% in predicted non-progressors vs. 17% in predicted progressors, p \u3c 0.001) and was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS; p = 0.004). In addition, the biomarker outperformed PD-L1 IHC across numerous metrics including sensitivity (0.79 vs 0.64, respectively; p = 0.005) and specificity (0.70 vs 0.61, respectively; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: This novel assay uses tumor immune microenvironment expression data to predict disease control and OS with high sensitivity and specificity in patients with RM-HNSCC treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy

Beam-Energy-Dependent Two-Pion Interferometry and the Freeze-Out Eccentricity of Pions Measured in Heavy Ion Collisions at the STAR Detector

We present results of analyses of two-pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at √SNN=7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV measured in the STAR detector as part of the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Beam Energy Scan program. The extracted correlation lengths (Hanbury-Brown–Twiss radii) are studied as a function of beam energy, azimuthal angle relative to the reaction plane, centrality, and transverse mass (mT) of the particles. The azimuthal analysis allows extraction of the eccentricity of the entire fireball at kinetic freeze-out. The energy dependence of this observable is expected to be sensitive to changes in the equation of state. A new global fit method is studied as an alternate method to directly measure the parameters in the azimuthal analysis. The eccentricity shows a monotonic decrease with beam energy that is qualitatively consistent with the trend from all model predictions and quantitatively consistent with a hadronic transport model

\u3cem\u3eJ\u3c/em\u3e/\u3cem\u3eψ\u3c/em\u3e Production at Low \u3cem\u3ep\u3csub\u3eT\u3c/sub\u3e\u3c/em\u3e in Au + Au and Cu + Cu Collisions at √\u3cem\u3e\u3csup\u3eS\u3c/sup\u3eNN\u3c/em\u3e = 200 GeV with the STAR Detector

The J/ψ pT spectrum and nuclear modification factor (RAA) are reported for pT \u3c 5 GeV/c and |y| \u3c 1 from 0% to 60% central Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at √SNN = 200 GeV at STAR. A significant suppression of pT-integrated J/ψ production is observed in central Au + Au events. The Cu + Cu data are consistent with no suppression, although the precision is limited by the available statistics. RAA in Au + Au collisions exhibits a strong suppression at low transverse momentum and gradually increases with pT. The data are compared to high-pT STAR results and previously published BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider results. Comparing with model calculations, it is found that the invariant yields at low pT are significantly above hydrodynamic flow predictions but are consistent with models that include color screening and regeneration

Charged-to-Neutral Correlation at Forward Rapidity in Au + Au collisions at √\u3cem\u3e\u3csup\u3eS\u3c/sup\u3e\u3csub\u3eNN\u3c/sub\u3e\u3c/em\u3e=200 GeV

Event-by-event fluctuations of the multiplicities of inclusive charged particles and photons at forward rapidity in Au+Au collisions at √SNN=200 GeV have been studied. The dominant contribution to such fluctuations is expected to come from correlated production of charged and neutral pions. We search for evidence of dynamical fluctuations of different physical origins. Observables constructed out of moments of multiplicities are used as measures of fluctuations. Mixed events and model calculations are used as base lines. Results are compared to the dynamical net-charge fluctuations measured in the same acceptance. A nonzero statistically significant signal of dynamical fluctuations is observed in excess to the model prediction when charged particles and photons are measured in the same acceptance. We find that, unlike dynamical net-charge fluctuation, charge-neutral fluctuation is not dominated by correlation owing to particle decay. Results are compared to the expectations based on the generic production mechanism of pions owing to isospin symmetry, for which no significant (\u3c1%) deviation is observed

Dielectron Azimuthal Anisotropy at Mid-Rapidity in Au + Au Collisions at √\u3cem\u3e\u3csup\u3eS\u3c/sup\u3e\u3csub\u3eNN\u3c/sub\u3e\u3c/em\u3e=200 GeV

We report on the first measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy (v2) of dielectrons (e+e− pairs) at mid-rapidity from √SNN=200 GeV Au + Au collisions with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), presented as a function of transverse momentum (pT) for different invariant-mass regions. In the mass region Meec2 the dielectron v2 measurements are found to be consistent with expectations from π0, η, ω, and ϕ decay contributions. In the mass region 1.1\u3cMee\u3c2.9GeV/c2, the measured dielectron v2 is consistent, within experimental uncertainties, with that from the c¯C contributions