ONTOLOGICAL MODEL OF A DATABASE OF INFORMATION-EDUCATIONAL PORTAL OF THE UNIVERSITY

According to the state program “Informational Society 2030”, it is planned to develop education on the basis of new progressive concepts of introducing the latest information technologies and scientific and methodological achievements into the educational process. In order to achieve goals, it is necessary to implement mobilization and effective use of staff and property and technical resources of the university. It is possible if there is purposeful modeling of the information and educational portal of the university. The choice and design of teaching technology are primarily determined by the type of students’ competencies and the characteristics of the planned learning outcomes for each level of competence (knowledge, skills, and experience). Constant improvement of EP content and educational technologies as a key factor of education services quality is a vital demand. The article considers the issues of the concept of ontology, IDEF-technologies and, based on the ontological model proposed in the article, the architecture of the database of the information and educational portal of the university is developed and classes and properties for the implementation of this model are defined, and a functional model of the university in IDEF0 is developed, which covers all types of university activities, integrates all information flows and forms a single information space

THE CONCEPT OF THE SMART CITY OF ASTANA: ENERGY-EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Digitalization of the economy is one of the priority tasks set in the development strategies of Kazakhstan. Currently, there is a rapid change in information and communication technologies (ICT). Emerging changes affect network technologies, computing and communication devices themselves, as well as data processing. As a result, information technologies are being used in an increasing number of spheres of human life and economic life. One of the relevant areas of scientific research is the sphere of the living environment, which is currently developing from the field of Smart Homes into the field of Smart City, Smart Transport system, etc. Today, cities have become the main force of economic development and have taken a central place in production, consumption networks, the definition of social and economic relations and currently provide a significant share of the gross domestic product of many countries. Cities began to play a major role in national, regional, and global development. The quality of people's lives depends on them. Therefore, today, more than ever, special requirements are imposed on them, such as the availability of affordable urban infrastructure, high mobility, security of urban areas, environmental friendliness, and developed urban self-government. Governments and city government bodies are facing new challenges that should not only solve a whole range of emerging problems, but also carry out a radical transformation of cities. One of the key components of the transformation is intelligent electrical networks. This article aims to identify and systematize technological, economic and other effects of the introduction of intelligent networks. The article analyzes current trends and approaches to urban planning with an emphasis on energy infrastructure. A comprehensive approach to the development of the power supply system is noted, the main directions of its intellectualization are highlighted. The general requirements for the "smart" power supply system of Astana are defined, a conceptual management model of the "smart" power system is developed, and the effects of its implementation are described

The use of non-traditional vegetable raw materials in the technology of fish cutlets for functional nutrition

The article pays great attention to fish as a source of important nutrients, as a unique source of not only high-quality proteins, but also trace elements and omega-3 fatty acids with a long chain. The obtained data show the expediency of using amaranth flour and peanut protein in the composition of vegetable raw materials. As a result of the study, the mass fraction of fat was 15 % higher than in pike perch cutlets, in salmon cutlets. Amaranth seed flour and peanut protein are used as non-traditional vegetable raw materials. In addition, the protein composition and organoleptic parameters, functional properties of the finished product are improved

SENSOR DETERMINATION OF THE DEGREE OF WHEAT GRAIN DAMAGE BY SMUT MUSHROOMS

The article describes the developed method for determining the degree of damage to wheat grain by smut fungi, which allows to determine its non-toxic level, increase the measurement accuracy and reliability of the results, to ensure the simplicity of processing the results, to prevent further damage to wheat grain and to ensure its safety without compromising quality. As smut reduces the yield, worsens the quality of grain and grain products, and improving the sanitary condition of grain raw materials is an urgent problem. It was established that the developed method allows to significantly reduce the cost of analysis by 300-320 rubles, reduce the time for analysis by 20-25 minutes, reduce the measurement error from 15% to 10%

Charge-Transfer or Excimeric State? Exploring the Nature of The Excited State in Cofacially Arrayed Polyfluorene Derivatives

It is well known that upon electronic excitation various π-stacked dimers readily exhibit excimer formation, facilitated by a perfect sandwich-like arrangement between the chromophores. However, it is unclear whether such a dimer is also capable of electron transfer upon excitation, if a strong electron-donating group is covalently attached. In this work, we probe the nature of the excited state in a series of cofacially arrayed polyfluorene derivatives with electron-rich aromatic donor attached via a methylene linker. Our studies show that in all cases excimer formation is energetically favorable, and promotion of a charge-transfer state in such systems is possible but requires a free energy for electron transfer far exceeding 1 V. These findings shed light on important design principles for molecular scaffolds capable of stabilizing both excimeric and charge-transfer states upon their excitation

IL-1β dominates the promucin secretory cytokine profile in cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by early and persistent mucus accumulation and neutrophilic inflammation in the distal airways. Identification of the factors in CF mucopurulent secretions that perpetuate CF mucoinflammation may provide strategies for novel CF pharmacotherapies. We show that IL-1β, with IL-1α, dominated the mucin prosecretory activities of supernatants of airway mucopurulent secretions (SAMS). Like SAMS, IL-1β alone induced MUC5B and MUC5AC protein secretion and mucus hyperconcentration in CF human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Mechanistically, IL-1β induced the sterile α motif-pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) and downstream endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 2 (ERN2) to upregulate mucin gene expression. Increased mRNA levels of IL1B, SPDEF, and ERN2 were associated with increased MUC5B and MUC5AC expression in the distal airways of excised CF lungs. Administration of an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) blocked SAMS-induced expression of mucins and proinflammatory mediators in CF HBE cells. In conclusion, IL-1α and IL-1β are upstream components of a signaling pathway, including IL-1R1 and downstream SPDEF and ERN2, that generate a positive feedback cycle capable of producing persistent mucus hyperconcentration and IL-1α and/or IL-1β-mediated neutrophilic inflammation in the absence of infection in CF airways. Targeting this pathway therapeutically may ameliorate mucus obstruction and inflammation-induced structural damage in young CF children

XBP1s regulates MUC5B in a promoter variant-dependent pathway in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis airway epithelia

Rationale: The goal was to connect elements of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) pathogenesis, including chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress in respiratory epithelia associated with injury/inflammation and remodeling, distal airway mucus obstruction and honeycomb cyst formation with accumulation of MUC5B (mucin 5B), and associations between IPF risk and polymorphisms in the MUC5B promoter. Objectives: To test whether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor protein ERN2 (ER-to-nucleus signaling 2) and its downstream effector, the spliced form of XBP1S (X-box-binding protein 1), regulate MUC5B expression and differentially activate the MUC5B promoter variant in respiratory epithelia. Methods: Primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cells, transgenic mouse models, human IPF lung tissues, and cell lines expressing XBP1S and MUC5B promoters were used to explore relationships between the ERN2/XBP1S pathway and MUC5B. An inhibitor of the pathway, KIRA6, and XBP1 CRISPR-Cas9 were used in HAE cells to explore therapeutic potential. Measurements and Main Results: ERN2 regulated MUC5B and MUC5AC mRNAs. Downstream XBP1S selectively promoted MUC5B expression in vitro and in distal murine airway epithelia in vivo. XBP1S bound to the proximal region of the MUC5B promoter and differentially upregulated MUC5B expression in the context of the MUC5B promoter rs35705950 variant. High levels of ERN2 and XBP1S were associated with excessive MUC5B mRNAs in distal airways of human IPF lungs. Cytokine-induced MUC5B expression in HAE cells was inhibited by KIRA6 and XBP1 CRISPR-Cas9. Conclusions: A positive feedback bistable ERN2-XBP1S pathway regulates MUC5B-dominated mucus obstruction in IPF, providing an unfolded protein response-dependent mechanism linking the MUC5B promoter rs35705950 polymorphism with IPF pathogenesis. Inhibiting ERN2-dependent pathways/elements may provide a therapeutic option for IPF