An Appraisal of Legal and Administrative Framework for Combating Terrorist Financing and Money Laundering in Nigeria

Global financial stability hinges on collective action at the international level, but also an effective national system.  Robust anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism regimes are important pillars of the international regulatory and supervising systems and are part and parcel of the current efforts to strengthen the global financial system.  It is clear that Nigerian government has demonstrated commitment by putting in place legislative and enforcement framework for the implementation of international instruments for combating terrorist financing and money laundering.  The commitment culminated in vesting enforcement powers to the law enforcement and regulatory bodies.  These bodies complemented the provisions of the laws by providing comprehensive regulatory and supervisory frameworks for combating terrorist financing and money laundering. In spite of the efforts of the enforcement and regulatory agencies, much is still left to be desired.  This is because the perpetrators are professionals and highly placed persons in the society.  For these reasons, terrorist financing and money laundering continue to evolve assuming new scope and applying new tactics.  The promulgation of laws and the establishment of new regulatory or law enforcement institutions alone are not sufficient to combat money laundering and terrorist financing.  They must be supported by strong political will on the part of the government and real and meaningful implementation of the laws through investigations, prosecutions and convictions to give credibility to such laws.  In this regard, international cooperation and mutual assistance in investigations, prosecutions and law enforcement are critically necessary in view of the transnational features of money laundering and the financing of terrorism. Keywords: Legal, Administrative, Framework, Terrorist Financing, Money Launderin

A quantitative approach to cost monitoring and control of construction projects

Existing literature and research findings indicated that cost monitoring and control of construction projects by contractors at the level of site operations has remained ineffective largely due to inability of existing control systems to accurately predict when, to what extent and why an on-going operation or project is to overrun its planned duration and cost. In most cases the information that would enable such advance detection becomes available to decision makers after the affected operation or project is completed. It is then hoped that the information could be used to 'control' future similar situations which in the case of construction projects hardly arise, at least never under identical circumstances. The existing cost control systems also fail to enable rational corrective decisions to be formulated. This resulted in total reliance on previous experience and personal intuition to make a guess of corrective measures. Most research efforts have focussed mainly on various aspects of project modelling and cost control using traditional accounting approaches that consistently fail to meet the requirements and schedule of timely cost control. This research identified, from empirical evidence, construction and management science literature, the essential criteria and features of an effective cost monitoring and control approach for construction projects. The evidence from these three sources led to the formulation of an alternative approach based on quantitative analysis of cost data from construction projects. The cost monitoring and control process carried out on sites was formulated as a problem whose solution process is implemented using multiple regression and goal programming models and techniques that enable timely evaluation and prediction of costs and a rational computation of corrective decisions. This allowed cost deviations to be detected and optimum corrective measures calculated while the affected operation or project was still in progress

Using asymptotic iteration method (AIM) for solving differential equations: case study of vibrational states of diatomic molecule

This paper discusses the new computational technique referred to as the asymptotic iteration method (AIM), and presents numerical computations of exact energy eigenvalues of the Schrödinger equation assuming the Morse potential for some diatomic molecules. The method is used to compute the numerical energies of bound vibrational levels of the 7Li2, H2, and N2 diatomic molecules in the 1Σu+, 11Σu+ and 3Σu+ electronic states

Electronic band structure and optical properties of titanium dioxide

In this work the Fritz-Haber Institute ab initio Molecular Simulation (FHI-aims) code was used to investigate and obtain the band energies and linear dielectric functions of the three naturally occurring phases of TiO2 (Rutile, Anatase and Brookite). The exchange-correlation interactions are treated by the PBE. The results of the band gap were obtained to be 1.76 eV for Rutile, 2.07 eV for Anatase and 2.33 eV for Brookite with Rutile having a direct band gap and indirect band gaps for both Anatase and Brookite. The obtained band gaps are in agreement with other theoretical work, especially on the rutile phase. The linear dielectric function was calculated using Random Phase Approximation (RPA) where the average static dielectric function at ω= 0 was obtained as 5.61 for Rutile TiO2, 4.29 for Anatase TiO2 and 2.23 for Brookite TiO2

Computations of the band structure and linear optical properties of methylammonium bismuth bromide and methylammonium galluim bromide using FHI-aims Code

Ab initio calculations for the Linear Macroscopic Dielectric analyses of CH3NH3BiBr3 and CH3NH3GaBr3 (having 8.33% dopant replacement percentage each) as possible replacements for the Lead based perovskite CH3NH3PbBr3 were done in this work using Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional of Density Functional Theory as implemented by FHI-aims Code. Optimized lattice constants were calculated for CH3NH3BiBr3 and CH3NH3GaBr3 to be 9.10 Å and 8.27 Å respectively. The Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO), Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and calculated band gap, Band Structure and Density of States (DOS) plots were made to analyse the band structures of these crystals and they were found to be metallic with a band gap of 0.00018636 eV and 0.00022286 eV for CH3NH3BiBr3 and CH3NH3GaBr3 respectively. The imaginary and real parts of the inter-band and intra-band contribution to the linear dielectric tensor within the e imagi Random Phase Approximation (RPA) of the optical properties of these perovskites were calculated and an average dielectric tensor of 3.1209467 and 2.789173 was found for CH3NH3BiBr3 and CH3NH3GaBr3 respectively. From the absorption data and dielectric tensor components calculated, both materials have an average absorption peak at frequency of 16.5373nm at 1.006567 MeV, 16.2040nm at 1.227600 MeV respectively, across all cubic planes

Tinjauan Filogenetik Kupu-Kupu Ornithoptera spp. Berdasarkan Sekuen Mitokondria ND5 Gen

AbstrakOrnithoptera spp adalah salah satu kupu-kupu berukuran besar (makro lepidoptera) yang memiliki nilai estetika yang tinggi. Penyebaran kupu-kupu ini ditemukan di wilayah Maluku dan Papua. Salah satu aspek konservasi dari eksistensi kupu-kupu ini adalah database keanekaragaman dan kekerabatan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari studi kekerabatan  Ornitoptera spp adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan Ornitoptera spp berdasarkan penanda molekuler gen  ND5 pada mitokondria. Hubungan kekerabatan tersebut dapat dilihat dari pohon filogeni yang dikonstruksi berdasarkan sequence nukleotida pada  gen ND5. Sequence gen ND5 diperoleh dari National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) dan alignment sequence untuk konstruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan program Clustal W yang diakses dari National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) secara online. Pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa Ornithoptera alexandea asal Papua New Guinea merupakan nenek moyang dari Ornithoptera spp. Onithoptera aesachus asal Pulau Obi dan Ornithoptera croesus asal pulau Bacan merupakan spesies Ornithoptera yang paling modern dan memiliki tingkat evolusioner termuda berdasarkan pohon filogenetik.Kata kunci: Ornithoptera spp, filogenetik, ND5 gen.  AbstractOrnithoptera spp is one of macrolepidoptera butterflies, its has hight  aestehical value.    The distribution of butterflies are  found in Maluku and Papua region. One aspect as conservation of the exixtence  butterflies is the database diversity and genetic relationship. The objectif of the research is to know genetic relationship of Ornithoptera spp based on moleculer marker of the ND5 gene mitokondrial. The genetic relationship can be knowed from the phylogenetic tree construction by sequence ND5 gene mitocondial. The Sequence ND5 gene is obstained  from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and alignment sequence for the construction phylogenetic tree using Clustal W program acces from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) online. The phylogenetic tree showed that Ornithoptera alexandea from Papua New Guinea is the ancestor for Ornithoptera spp. Onithoptera aesachus from Obi island dan Ornithoptera croesus from Bacan island is  Ornithoptera’s most modern spesies and has the youngest evolutionary level by phylogenetic tree.Keywords: Ornithoptera spp, phylogenetic, ND5 genes

Effect of different levels of urea treated Gamba hay on growth performance of Yankasa rams

Twenty four (24) Yankasa yearling rams were used to determine the effect of feeding high levels of urea treated gamba hay (Andropogon gayanus). The rams aged 15 – 18 months with an average weight of 22 .45kg were randomly allocated to one of four dietary groups, rams in group A served as control and were offered untreated gamba hay at 2.5% of their body weight while rams in groups 2, 3 and 4 where offered 5%, 6% and 7% urea treated gamba hay respectively at 2.5% of their body weight for 90 days. All rams had equal access to water, salt lick blocks and concentrate fed at 2.0% of their body weight. Data was collected daily on feed intake, while live body weight changes and body condition score were measured weekly. Dry matter composition of the gamba hay offered declined as the level of urea treatment increased, the crude protein content of the diets also increased as the level of urea treatment increased. However the values of NDF and ADF declined as the level of urea treatment increased. Rams fed 6% and 7% treated gamba hay had significantly the highest total dry matter intake while rams fed untreated gamba hay had significantly (P<0.05) the lowest weight gain. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in the weight gains of rams fed 6% and those fed 7% urea treated gamba hay and the rams in both groups had significantly (P<0.05) the highest weight gains. Rams fed the 6% urea treated gamba hay had the best FCR. It can be concluded that 6% &7% urea treated gamba gave similar performance but 6% had the better feed conversion ratio and is more cost effective.Key words: Urea treated gamba hay, cost effectivenes

Phylogenetik Study of Papilio Spp Butterfly Based on ND5 Genetik Sequence in In Silico

Papilio spp is one of the members Papilionidae family. The specific character is macro lepidoptera butterflies and has beautiful colour.  The distribution of butterflies is found in Indo_Australia. Papilio spp can found on Northen Maluku and Sula archipelago region. The objectif of the research is to know genetik relationship of Papilio spp based on moleculer marker of the ND5 gene mitokondrial using insilico analysis. The genetik relationship can be knowed from the phylogenetik tree construction by sequence ND5 gene mitocondial. The Sequence ND5 gene is obstained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and alignment sequence for the construction phylogenetik tree using Clustal W program acces from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) online. The phylogenetik tree showed that Papilio ulyses from Obi island and Morotai island have one ancestor (monophyletic) with Papilio ulyses telegous from Timika

Management Problems Associated with Multi-Tenanted High-Rise Commercial Buildings in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

It is globally established that, where high-rise buildings are put in to multiple occupations, certain problems arise which eventually affect the building structure, occupants and the surrounding natural environment either directly or indirectly. This paper is aimed at investigating and presenting research findings on the management problems of multi-tenanted high-rise commercial buildings in Kaduna metropolis as compared to the system practised in other countries. Field survey was carried out and eventually structured questionnaire was employed as the data collection instrument. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered to the tenants, managers and owners of the buildings in the study area. Data obtained from the study were analyzed in tabular forms, simple percentage distribution tables and narrative description. Part of the results showed that 74% of the buildings were constructed 30 years ago which turned them old for the existing demands due to lack of upgrading the facilities therein. It was further uncovered that 66% of the facilities in the high-rise buildings such as lifts, generators, water supply were not properly maintained by the managing firms due to lack of planning and also due to lack of enough fund budgeted to take good care of  maintenance activities. It was concluded that, old facilities are responsible for the void and vacant spaces in 44% of the high-rise buildings studied. It was deduced that facilities in the high-rise buildings failed to function regularly due to poor maintenance planning and ignorance of some managers to respond to repairs and maintenance request on time. Finally, part of the recommendations proffered include; property management rules of service should be adhered to, where only competent skilled workers will be employed to take care of different services provided in the multi-tenanted high-rise buildings. These competent hands should be adequately employed for effective management of the buildings.  There should be good planning in respect of assessing and responding to sudden breakdown of services so as to achieve service delivery promptly. Keywords: Commercial Buildings, High-rise Buildings, Management Problems, Multi- tenanted Buildings and Property Management