Lung contusion and cavitation with exudative plural effusion following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in an adult: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Among the complications of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy are perinephric bleeding and hypertension.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We describe the case of a 31-year-old Asian man with an unusual case of hemoptysis and lung contusion and cavitation with exudative plural effusion due to pulmonary trauma following false positioning of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Differential diagnoses included pneumonia and pulmonary emboli, but these diagnoses were ruled out by the uniformly negative results of a lung perfusion scan, Doppler ultrasound, and culture of bronchoalveolar lavage and plural effusion, and because our patient showed spontaneous improvement.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>False positioning of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can cause lung trauma presenting as pulmonary contusion and cavitation with plural effusion.</p

Ocjena i usporedba respiratornih simptoma i kapaciteta pluća u radnika tvornice keramičkih pločica iz Yazda u Iranu

Tile workers are exposed to dust particles and are susceptible to multiple pulmonary complications. Problems like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary symptoms, and silicosis are more common among them. As there are many tile factories in Yazd, we decided to evaluate the respiratory symptoms and lung capacities in these workers and compare them with controls. This study included 176 tile and ceramic factory workers occupationally exposed to dust and 115 unexposed workers as controls. We recorded the respiratory symptoms using the British Medical Research Council questionnaire and measured lung capacities of the two groups. All study subjects were male, and the two groups were comparable in age and smoking. The exposed group had frequent respiratory symptoms and a significant relationship between them and duration of employment. In addition, lung capacities in ceramic workers with symptoms were lower than in workers without the symptoms. Even though the respiratory symptoms were more frequent in the exposed group than in controls, lung capacities of the two groups were similar.Radnici u proizvodnji keramičkih pločica izloženi su česticama prašine te su skloni višestrukim plućnim komplikacijama. U njih je veća učestalost tegoba poput astme i simptoma kronične opstruktivne bolesti pluća te silikoze. Budući da u Yazdu ima mnogo tvornica keramike, odlučili smo upravo u tome gradu ocijeniti respiratorne simptome i izmjeriti kapacitet pluća njihovih radnika i usporediti ih s kontrolnom skupinom. Ispitivanje je stoga obuhvatilo 176 radnika u proizvodnji keramičkih pločica izloženih prašini te 115 neizloženih radnika koji su činili kontrolnu skupinu. Respiratorni su se simptomi ispitali rabeći upitnik Britanskoga savjeta za medicinska istraživanja (British Medical Research Council), a u obje je skupine izmjeren kapacitet pluća. Svi su ispitanici bili muškarci, a skupine su se podudarale po dobi i pušenju. Respiratorni simptomi bili su česti u izloženoj skupini te je u njoj uočena značajna povezanost između respiratornih simptoma i radnoga staža u tvornici. Usto su izloženi radnici s respiratornim simptomima iskazali slabije kapacitete pluća od radnika bez simptoma. Ovi su respiratorni simptomi bili češći u izloženoj skupini negoli u kontrolnoj, ali se njihovi kapaciteti pluća nisu bitno razlikovali

Evaluation of correlation between airway and serum inflammatory markers in asthmatic patients

Context: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases all over the world, resulting from a state of persistent sub-acute inflammation of the airways. Beside local inflammation, systemic inflammation is also present, which can be shown by increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). One of the most important cells in this disease is eosinophil, and sputum eosinophilia is used for its diagnosis. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare and evaluate the correlation between CRP level and sputum eosinophilia in asthmatic and control subjects. Materials and Methods: A total of 61 patients suffering from mild-to-moderate asthma participated in this study. They were divided into two groups based on whether they used inhaled steroid or not. Sputum was induced by ultrasonic nebulizer, and then samples of peripheral venous blood were collected to measure peripheral cell count and CRP by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thirty-seven healthy subjects were selected and their blood samples were taken. Thirty-seven healthy subjects were selected and their blood samples were taken. Results: Thirty asthmatic patients in user group (14 females/16 males) with the mean age of 39.4±9.37 years, 31 asthmatic patients in non-user group (13 females/18 males) with the mean age of 35.5±8.87 years, and 37 healthy controls (17 females/20 males) were included in our study. The mean serum concentration of CRP was 2.6 μg/mL, 3.32 μg/mL, and 1.16 μg/mL in user, non-user, and control groups, respectively. Compared to healthy controls, serum concentrations of high sensitivity-CRP (hs-CRP) significantly increased in the non-user group (P=0.0001), and user group as well. (P=0.016). The number of sputum eosinophils and peripheral blood eosinophils significantly increased in the non-users compared to the healthy controls (P=0.0001, P=0.003, respectively). In the non-user group, serum hs-CRP levels correlated negatively with FEV 1 and positively with numbers of sputum eosinophils, which was not statistically significant. Atopy status, age, and sex did not affect hs-CRP levels in both asthmatic groups. Conclusions: It was found that serum concentrations of hs-CRP significantly increased in asthmatic patients, and in the steroid-native group it partly correlated with FEV 1 and numbers of sputum eosinophils. It suggests that serum hs-CRP can indirectly indicate the degree of airway inflammation

Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy by STOP-BANG Questionnaire

Background and Objective: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is common during pregnancy and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including hypertension, preeclampsia, and low birth weight; therefore, screening pregnant women is of particular importance. This study aimed to assess OSAS risk during pregnancy in women referring to health centers in Yazd city, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 400 pregnant women, who referred to Yazd health centers in 2020, were included in the study. Data collection tools included a demographic form and the STOP-BANG questionnaire to determine OSAS risk. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16) using descriptive and inferential statistics and considering the significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean scores of the participants' age and body mass index (BMI) were obtained at 28.44±5.74 years and 27.31±5.28 kg/m2, respectively. The frequency rates of diabetes and hypertension were 8% and 3.3%, respectively. It was found that 94.5% of the women were at low risk of OSAS, while 2.5% and 3% of them were at moderate and high risk, respectively. There was no association between diabetes and OSAS risk (P>0.05); however, a history of hypertension, BMI above 30 kg/m2, and age over 30 years were associated with increased OSAS risk and higher STOP-BANG score (P<0.05). Conclusion: The STOP-BANG questionnaire is a simple tool for screening OSAS in pregnant women. Age over 30, BMI over 30 kg/m2, and a history of hypertension were associated with higher STOP-BANG scores; therefore, pregnant women with these characteristics are at higher risk for developing OSAS and are a higher priority for screening than other groups

The Prevalence of Sleep disorders and Their Relationship with Anxiety and Behavioral Problems in Second Primary School Female Students in Yazd

Introduction: Sleep disorders can influence either directly or indirectly, on the family, colleagues and finally the community. In the realm of children, the most serious complications of sleep is anxiety and behavioral problems that make them prone to academic failure, family tensions and psychosocial – social trauma. Concerning the significance, outbreak of sleep disorders and its complications, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of species of sleep disorders and its relation to anxiety and behavioral problems of female students in the second course of primary, academic year of 1394-1393 in Yazd.Materials and Methods: The method was based on the data collecting by descriptive – correlation kind. The study population consisted of all female students of second course of primary schools in Yazd in academic year of 1393-94 that according to statistics from the Office of Education of Yazd province, their number was 14,541 people. By using Cochran formula with confidence level of 95% and probable accuracy of 5%, a sample size of 259 people was identified. Sampling group was chosen by multistage clustering method and questionnaire: assessment of children s’ sleep habits (Evans, 2000), multidimensional scale of children anxiety (March, Parker, Sullivan, Staling and Conrez, 1997) and questionnaire of children s’ behavioral problems (Rutter, 1970) were used. In order to analyze data, in descriptive statistic, frequency distribution tables and central indexes and dispersion and in inferential statistic, analysis of variance and regression in analysis of hypotheses was used