Physical Properties, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties of Raw South Africa Shea Butter against Samples from Libyan Market

Vigorous research has been conducted into the phenology of the shea tree, its usage and that of the shea butter extracted from the nuts of the shea fruit. Shea butter is the most valuable product in the Shea tree and its use as raw or in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products was expanded in the last years. The aim was to carry out comparative study between imported South African raw Shea Butter, one sample from Poland and samples from Libyan market on their physical properties (organoleptic), thin layer chromatography (TLC) chromatogram, phytochemical screening and diphenylpicrylhydrazil (DPPH) scavenging activity. As well as antimicrobial screening. Organoleptic test was carried out by comparing color and odor. TLC chromatogram was performed by spotting solution of samples in hexane on TLC plate and eluted twice in hexane: ethylacetate 8:2 to get good separation.  Phytochemical screening was performed to determine the presence of carbohydrates (Fehling test), steroids, and triterpens (Salkwiski test).  DPPH assay was carried out by spraying TLC sample spots by 0.2% DPPH methanolic solution. Antimicrobial test was conducted on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Mueller-Hinton agar was used with ciprofolxacin as +ve control and DMSO as–ve control.  As a result, Shea Butter samples showed wide diversity in color and odor which considered normal except two white samples that might undergo refining process, while spreadability and TLC chromatograms were similar. Samples and control showed presence of carbohydrates, steroids and triterpens. Control and samples had DPPH scavenging activity. Shea Butter control and samples had no antimicrobial activities against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.

Interaction of primary tillage time and fertilizer with soybean grain protein and oil content

Kvalitetna i pravovremena osnovna obrada zemljišta uz dobru obezbeđenost hranivima je uslov za normalan razvoj biljaka soje i ostvarenje visokoh prinosa. Jesenja osnovna obrada doprinosi ostvarenju visokih prinosa soje, dok se sa kasnijom obradom prinos smanjuje. NPK đubriva , amonijum nitrat i folijarna primena vodenog ekstrakta od ploda banane povećava prinos soje, prinos proteina i ulja, a najbolji efekat ostvaren je upotrebom NPK đubriva.Quality and timely primary soil tillage along with good nutrient supply is a requirement for normal soybean plant development and high yield realization. Autumnal primary tillage contributes to the achievement of high soybean yields, while later cultivation decreases the yield. NPK fertilizers, ammonium nitrate and foliar aqueous banana fruit extract application increases soybean yield, protein and oil yield, and the best effect is achieved by applying NPK fertilizer

Interaction of primary tillage time and fertilizer with soybean grain protein and oil content

Kvalitetna i pravovremena osnovna obrada zemljišta uz dobru obezbeđenost hranivima je uslov za normalan razvoj biljaka soje i ostvarenje visokih prinosa. Jesenja osnovna obrada doprinosi ostvarenju visokih prinosa soje, dok se sa kasnijom obradom prinos smanjuje. NPK đubriva , amonijum nitrat i folijarna primena vodenog ekstrakta od ploda banane povećava prinos soje, prinos proteina i ulja, a najbolji efekat ostvaren je upotrebom NPK đubriva.Quality and timely primary soil tillage along with good nutrient supply is a requirement for normal soybean plant development and high yield realization. Autumnal primary tillage contributes to the achievement of high soybean yields, while later cultivation decreases the yield. NPK fertilizers, ammonium nitrate and foliar aqueous banana fruit extract application increases soybean yield, protein and oil yield, and the best effect is achieved by applying NPK fertilizer

Interaction of primary tillage time and fertilizer with soybean grain protein and oil content

Kvalitetna i pravovremena osnovna obrada zemljišta uz dobru obezbeđenost hranivima je uslov za normalan razvoj biljaka soje i ostvarenje visokoh prinosa. Jesenja osnovna obrada doprinosi ostvarenju visokih prinosa soje, dok se sa kasnijom obradom prinos smanjuje. NPK đubriva , amonijum nitrat i folijarna primena vodenog ekstrakta od ploda banane povećava prinos soje, prinos proteina i ulja, a najbolji efekat ostvaren je upotrebom NPK đubriva.Quality and timely primary soil tillage along with good nutrient supply is a requirement for normal soybean plant development and high yield realization. Autumnal primary tillage contributes to the achievement of high soybean yields, while later cultivation decreases the yield. NPK fertilizers, ammonium nitrate and foliar aqueous banana fruit extract application increases soybean yield, protein and oil yield, and the best effect is achieved by applying NPK fertilizer