Deep learning neural network derivation and testing to distinguish acute poisonings

Acute poisoning is a significant global health burden, and the causative agent is often unclear. The primary aim of this pilot study was to develop a deep learning algorithm that predicts the most probable agent a poisoned patient was exposed to from a pre-specified list of drugs. Data were queried from the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from 2014 through 2018 for eight single-agent poisonings (acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, aspirin, calcium channel blockers, sulfonylureas, benzodiazepines, bupropion, and lithium). Two Deep Neural Networks (PyTorch and Keras) designed for multi-class classification tasks were applied. There were 201,031 single-agent poisonings included in the analysis. For distinguishing among selected poisonings, PyTorch model had specificity of 97%, accuracy of 83%, precision of 83%, recall of 83%, and a F1-score of 82%. Keras had specificity of 98%, accuracy of 83%, precision of 84%, recall of 83%, and a F1-score of 83%. The best performance was achieved in the diagnosis of single-agent poisoning in diagnosing poisoning by lithium, sulfonylureas, diphenhydramine, calcium channel blockers, then acetaminophen, in PyTorch (F1-score = 99%, 94%, 85%, 83%, and 82%, respectively) and Keras (F1-score = 99%, 94%, 86%, 82%, and 82%, respectively). Deep neural networks can potentially help in distinguishing the causative agent of acute poisoning. This study used a small list of drugs, with polysubstance ingestions excluded.Reproducible source code and results can be obtained at https://github.com/ashiskb/npds-workspace.git.</p

Mediating role of entrepreneurial intention on the relationship between entrepreneurship education and employability: a study on university students from a developing country

This study assesses how entrepreneurship education influences the entrepreneurial intentions and employability of students. It also investigates the mediation effect of entrepreneurial intentions on the relationship between entrepreneurial education and employability, as well as the direct effects on employability. In this research, a quantitative method was used to gather data from 397 university students through a survey questionnaire measured on a seven-point Likert scale using a convenience sampling method. We utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the data. A CMV model was used to evaluate the model’s fitness, validity, reliability and of the data, and an SEM technique was used to test the hypotheses. The study found that entrepreneurship education could boost students’ employability as well as their desire to start their own businesses. It shows how important entrepreneurship education is for learning the skills and knowledge needed to start a business. The study also suggests that having entrepreneurial intentions can enhance one’s employability. This study reveals a heightened understanding of how entrepreneurship education impacts on entrepreneurial intention and employability. These insights can guide improvements in entrepreneurship programs to align with local employment needs. Moreover, the identified mediator, entrepreneurial intentions, presents a targeted opportunity for intervention, suggesting practical ways to cultivate entrepreneurial skills and mindset, ultimately enhancing employability prospects in the region. Unlocking the doors to career success and personal enterprise, our study delves into the transformative power of entrepreneurship education. We discovered that not only does such education enhance employability among students, but it ignites a passion for entrepreneurship itself. Picture a world where learning to start your own business not only opens doors to self-employment but also boosts your overall job prospects. Our findings shed light on the vital role entrepreneurial intentions play in this journey, offering a roadmap for educators and policymakers to refine programs that not only meet local employment needs but also foster a mindset of innovation and empowerment. Join us in envisioning a future where education becomes the key to unlocking both traditional job opportunities and the entrepreneurial spirit within us all.</p