UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL SPONS Liosina paradoxa YANG DIKOLEKSI DARI PULAU MANTEHAGE

ABSTRACTLiosina paradoxa sponge is one of the marine biota components that make up coral reefs which has bioactive potential which has not been widely utilized. These marine animals contain active compounds whose percentage of activity is greater than those produced by land plants. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the Liosina paradoxa sponge. This research is a laboratory experiment with testing the ethanol extract of the sponge Liosina paradoxa with the DPPH [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl] method to test its antioxidant activity using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 517 nm. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the Liosina paradoxa sponge was proven to have antioxidant activity in each concentration. The highest concentration has free radical scavenging activity by reaching a percentage of 54.70%. Keywords: Liosina paradoxa sponge, Antioxidant, DPPH, Mantehage  ABSTRAKSpons Liosina paradoxa merupakan salah satu komponen biota laut penyusun terumbu karang yang mempunyai potensi bioaktif yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Hewan laut ini mengandung senyawa aktif yang persentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari spons Liosina paradoxa. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan pengujian terhadap ekstrak etanol spons Liosina paradoxa dengan metode DPPH [1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil] untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol spons Liosina paradoxa terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi pengujian. Konsentrasi tertinggi memiliki aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas dengan mencapai persentase 54,70%. Kata Kunci : Spons Liosina paradoxa, Antioksidan, DPPH, Mantehag

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI SPONS Leucetta chagosensis DARI PERAIRAN PULAU MANTEHAGE SULAWESI UTARA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli

ABSTRACTSponges are one of the biota components that make up coral reefs which are quite widely distributed. The metabolite content in the sponge can ward off and inhibit the pathogenic bacteria that interfere with it. This study aims to determine the activity of inhibiting bacterial growth from the extract and fraction of Leucetta chagosensis sponge against the growth of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. The samples were extracted using the maceration method with 95% ethanol solvent and then fractionated using 3 solvents with different polarity levels, namely methanol, n-hexane and chloroform. Activity test using the disk diffusion agar method of Kirby and Bauer. Only the MeOH fraction was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli bacteria with an average inhibition zone of 6.88 mm. Whereas for S.aureus bacteria extracts and all fractions showed activity to inhibit bacterial growth with an average inhibition zone of EtOH (6.61 mm), CHCI3 (6.68 mm), n-hexane (7.83 mm) and MeOH (8.00 mm), respectively. All activities that are shown are categorized as weak (weak).Keywords: Antibacterial, Leucetta chagosensis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli ABSTRAKSpons merupakan salah satu komponen biota penyusun terumbu karang yang penyebarannya cukup luas. Kandungan metabolit yang ada di dalam spons dapat menangkal dan menghambat bakteri patogen pengganggunya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat aktivitas menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dari ekstrak dan fraksi spons Leucetta chagosensis. terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Gram positif Staphylococcus aureus dan Gram negatif Escherichia coli. Sampel di ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 95% lalu di fraksinasi dengan menggunakan 3 pelarut dengan tingkat kepolaran yang berbeda yaitu metanol, n-heksan dan kloroform. Uji aktivitas menggunakan metode disk diffusion agar Kirby dan Bauer.  Hanya fraksi MeOH yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E.coli dengan zona hambat rata-rata 6,88 mm. Sedangkan terhadap bakteri S.aureus ekstrak dan semua fraksi menunjukan aktifitas menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dengan rata-rata zona hambat masing-masing EtOH (6,61 mm), CHCl3 (6,68 mm), n-Heksan (7,83 mm), dan MeOH (8,00 mm). Semua aktivitas yang ditunjukan dikategorikan lemah (weak).Kata kunci : Antibakteri, Leucetta chagosensis, Staphylococcus aureus,  Escherichia col

Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Peel-Off Gel Mask Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Cocoa Pods (Theobroma cacao L.) against Staphylococcus aureus as Anti-Acne

Cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L.) is a part of the Cocoa plant which contains active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins that have the potential as antibacterial. This study aimed to formulate a peel-off gel mask preparation of the ethyl acetate fraction which is physically good and to test the inhibitory power of the peel-off gel mask with concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 10, and 12% against Staphylococcus aureus. This research used laboratory experimental method. The results showed that the peel-off gel mask filled the requirements for physical evaluation, that is organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion and drying time. The antibacterial activity test using the well diffusion method showed that the average diameter for F1 to F5 respectively was 7,5; 8,58; 12; 12,75; and 14 mm. Based on the result of the study it can be included that the overall formulation of the peel-off gel mask filled the requirements of the parameters of the physical properties of the preparation and provides the greatest antibacterial activity that is formula 5 with a concentration of 12%, which is 14 mm

FORMULASI SEDIAAN SABUN MANDI PADAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus manihot L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis

ABSTRACTGedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.) contain metabolite compounds such as flavonoid, saponins, tannins and terpenoids for antibacterial. This study aims to formulate a solid bath soap with concentrations of 2%, 2,5% and 3% of Gedi leaves ethanol extract and to test the antibacterial activity of solid bath soap against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria. Experimental methods were performed for this research. For the formulation of this solid soap several experiments were conducted organoleptic test, pH, homogeneity, moisture content, free alkaline, and high foam. The effectiveness of antibacteria to inhibit Staphylococcus epidermidis growth was tested by wells method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.) can be formulated into solid bath soap that meets the requirements according to the standards set to SNI (Indonesian National Standard) with the results of physical tests of all formulas in solid or hard form and scent of rose, the distribution of colors is evenly distributed, has a pH of 8,32-9,09, a moisture content of 8,65%-8,84%, foam height from 3,7-3,8 cm, and free alkaline are in a safe condition against the skin. The results of the activity of antibacteria solid bath soap extract of the Gedi leaves were found to inhibit Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria which has the strongest inhibition power at a concentration of 3% with an inhibition zone diameter of 14,8 mm. Keywords: Gedi Leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Solid Soap, Antibacterial, Staphylococcus epidermidis.  ABSTRAKDaun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) memiliki kandungan senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan terpenoid yang bersifat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sediaan sabun mandi padat ekstrak etanol daun Gedi dengan konsentrasi 2%, 2,5% dan 3% serta menguji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan sabun mandi padat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ekperimental laboratorium. Uji mutu sediaan sabun mandi padat ekstrak etanol daun Gedi dilakukan uji organoleptik, pH, homogenitas, kadar air, alkali bebas, dan tinggi busa. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis dilakukan dengan metode sumuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan sabun mandi padat yang memenuhi persyaratan sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia) dengan hasil semua formula berbentuk padat atau keras dan beraroma rose, penyebaran warna merata, memiliki pH 8,32-9,09, kadar air 8,65%-8,84%, tinggi busa 3,7–3,8 cm, serta alkali bebas dalam kondisi aman terhadap kulit. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri sediaan sabun mandi padat ekstrak etanol daun Gedi yang diperoleh dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis yang memiliki daya hambat terkuat pada konsentrasi 3% dengan diameter zona hambat 14,8 mm. Kata kunci: Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.), Sabun Padat, Antibakteri, Staphylococcus epidermidi

FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SEDIAAN SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata Linn) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus

ABSTRACTSoursop leaves (Annona muricata Linn) contain tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids that function as antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to formulate liquid soap soursop leaf extract ethanol which is good physically and to test the inhibitory power of soursop leaf extract liquid soap with a concentration of 1%; 3%; 5%; and 7% against Staphylococcus aureus. This research uses laboratory experimental methods. Based on the results of the study, it showed physical evaluations such as organoleptic (green and dark green, peppermint oil, liquid), foam height test was 70-73.33 mm, water content test was 42.79-36.62%, alkali content test free 0.051-0.074%, and the pH test was 8.99-9.74. Liquid soap with ethanolic extract of soursop leaves has antibacterial activity with an average diameter of F1 (2.8 mm) in the weak category, F2 (7.6 mm) in the weak category, F3 (10.6 mm) in the strong category, and F4 (12.3 mm) is in a strong category. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of soursop leaves can be formulated into liquid soap that are physically good and have the greatest antibacterial activity at a concentration of F4 (12.3 mm). Keywords: Soursop leaves, Liquid Soap, Antibacterial.  ABSTRAKDaun sirsak (Annona muricata Linn) memiliki kandungan senyawa tanin, alkaloid, saponin, dan flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun sirsak yang baik secara fisik serta menguji daya hambat sabun cair ekstrak daun sirsak dengan konsentrasi 1%; 3%; 5%; dan 7% terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental laboratorium. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukan evaluasi fisik seperti organoleptik (berwarna hijau dan hijau tua, beraroma khas peppermint, berbentuk cair), uji tinggi busa yaitu 70-73,33 mm, uji kadar air yaitu 42,79-36,62%, uji kadar alkali bebas 0,051-0,074%, dan uji pH yaitu 8,99-9,74. Sabun cair ekstrak etanol daun sirsak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan diameter rata-rata untuk F1 (2,8 mm) berada dikategori lemah, F2 (7,6 mm) berada dikategori lemah, F3 (10,6 mm) berada dikategori kuat, dan F4 (12,3 mm) berada dikategori kuat. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak etanol daun sirsak dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan sabun cair yang baik secara fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri paling besar yaitu pada konsentrasi F4 (12,3 mm). Kata Kunci: Daun Sirsak, Sabun Cair, Antibakteri

FORMULATION AND TEST OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY LOTION ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF CORN SILK (Zea mays L.)

Corn Silk (Zea mays L.) is a plant that contains various active compounds such as flavonoids and fenols that function as antioxidants. This study aimed to test the effectivity of the antioxidant lotion ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk used the DPPH method and evaluated the physical preparations with physical properties test parameters. Corn silk was extracted using maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent and fractionated with ethyl acetate as solvent.Lotion preparation were made into 5 formulas (F1-F5) with variations in the concentration of corn silk ethyl acetate fraction (2%-10%). The results showed that the lotion of the ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk had IC50 values respectively 128,96 ppm; 116,87 ppm; 102,96 ppm; 90,98 ppm; 64,68 ppm. F5 continued to evaluate the physical properties of the preparation. The results of the physical evaluation of the preparation showed that the lotion preparation filled the organoleptic requirements, homogeneity, pH, adhesion, spreadability. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the lotion of the ethyl acetate fraction of corn silk has the effectivity as an antioxidant and fulfills the requirements for the parameters of the physical properties of the preparation

FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF TOOTHPASTE ETHYL ASETATE FRACTION OF LEILEM LEAVES (Clerodendrum minahassae L.) AGAINTS Streptococcus mutans

Leilem leaves (Clerodendrum minahassae L.) is one type of plant that can be used as an antibacterial because it contains active chemical compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, and terpenoids. This study aimed to formulate the ethyl acetate fraction of leilem leaves toothpaste that is physically good and to obtain the optimum toothpaste inhibition with dosage concentrations of 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5% against the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This research uses laboratory experimental method. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction toothpaste preparation filled the physical evaluation requirements, that is organoleptic, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion and pH. The antibacterial activity testing of the leilem leaves fraction toothpaste showed that the average diameter for F1 was 9.75 mm, F2 was 11.75 mm, and F3 was 13.08 mm. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that all formulations of the ethyl acetate fraction of leilem leaves provide antibacterial activity and filled the requirements of the physical test of the preparation and the greatest antibacterial activity is at F3 of 13.08 mm with a dosage concentration of 12.5%

DOCTOR’S PERCEPTION OF THE ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN CLINICAL PHARMACY SERVICES AT RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

In providing pharmaceutical services, collaboration between pharmacists and doctors is needed to improve therapeutic outcomes. For this reason, this study aims to describe doctors' perceptions about the role of pharmacists in carrying out pharmaceutical work at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado in order to determine the extent to which doctors understand the pharmaceutical services provided by pharmacists. This research is a descriptive research with survey method and data processing is done quantitatively. Research respondents are doctors who work at RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado consisting of 75 respondents. The tool used in this research is a questionnaire using the Guttman scale which has been through validity and reliability tests. Data analysis was carried out by describing it in the form of a frequency distribution to find out how health workers perceive the role of pharmacists in pharmaceutical services at RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado. The results showed that doctors' perceptions tended to agree with the average value for opinions of 81.54% and for expectations of 94%. The conclusion of this study is that doctors have good opinions and expectations about the role of pharmacists in accordance with Pharmaceutical Service Standards

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricataL.) UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR GULA DARAH TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

ABSTRACTSoursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) contain flavonoid compounds. Flavonoid compounds function as antidiabetic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soursop leaf extract in reducing blood sugar levels in male white rats induced by alloxan. This study used 4 treatment groups, negative control was not given treatment, positive control was treated with 9 mg metformin, treated with the first dose of 7.2 mg and the last group was treated with the second dose of 14.4 mg. Before being given the treatment, the rats were fasted first and then checked for blood sugar, then the rats were induced by alloxan intraperitoneally (ip) then observed the development of the increase in blood sugar in the rats for 3 days and checked blood sugar levels once a day for 5 days. After that, it was continued with giving soursop leaf ethanol extract every day for 5 days. The results showed that soursop leaf extract can reduce blood sugar levels seen on days H4- H8 with a decrease of 6.67 mg/mL for the treatment group sample 1 and 5.66 mg/mL for the treatment sample 2. The test results using the Kruskal test -Wallis at 0.05 level showed that there was no significant difference using soursop leaf ethanol extract and metformin in lowering blood sugar levels.Keywords: Soursop leaves(Annona muricata L), Male White Rat, Flavonoids, Blood Glucose, AlloxanABSTRAKDaun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) mempunyai kandungan senyawa flavonoid. Senyawa flavonoid berfungsi sebagai antidiabetes. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun sirsak dalam penurunan kadar gula darah pada tikus putih jantan yang diinduksi oleh aloksan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 kelompok perlakuan yaitukontrol negatif tidak diberikan perlakuan, kontrol positif diberikan perlakuan dengan metformin 9 mg, perlakuan dengan dosis pertama 7,2 mg dan kelompok terakhir perlakuan dengan dosis kedua 14,4 mg. Tikus dipuasakan terlebih dahulusebelumdiberiperlakuan, kemudian diperiksa gula darah, selanjutnya tikus diinduksi aloksan secara intraperitonial (ip) kemudian dilihat perkembangan kenaikan gula darah pada tikus selama 3 hari dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah sehari sekali selama 5 hari, kemudiandiberikan ekstrak etanol daun sirsak setiap hari selama 5 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak daun sirsak dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah dilihat pada hari H4-H8 dengan penurunan sebesar 6,67 mg/ml untuk kelompok perlakuan sampel 1 dan 5,66 mg/ml untuk perlakuan sampel 2. Hasil uji menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis pada taraf 0,05 menunjukan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun sirsak dan metformin dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah.Kata kunci: Daun sirsak (Annona muricata L), Tikus Putih Jantan, Flavonoid, Glukosa Darah, Aloksa

Uji aktivitas antihiperurisemia ekstrak etanol daun salam (Sygium Polyanthum) pada tikus putih (Rattus Norvegicus)

MEIVITA ALFRIANI SAHENSOLAR . Uji aktivitas antihiperusrisemia ekstrak etanol daun salam (Syzgium Polyanthum) pada tikus putih (Rattus Norvegicus)dibawah bimbingan EDWIN DE QUELJOE sebagai ketua dan SURYA SUMANTRI sebagai anggota.Daun salam memiliki kandungan kimia seperti minyak atsiri yang mengandung sitral, eugenol, tannin, dan flavonoida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya efek antihiperurisemia ekstrak etanol daun salam dengan 3 tingkatan dosis yaitu, 200mg, 400mg, dan 800mg. Perbandingan daun Salam sebanyak 5 kelompok yang terdiri dari 3 ekor tikus disetiap kelompok perlakuan, yaitu CMC 1% (kontrol negatif), Allopurinol 100mg (kontrol positif), ekstrak etanol daun salam dalam dosis 200mg, 400mg, dan 800 mg,yang diinduksi kalium oksonat. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 6 jam. Data diuji dengan menggunakan ANOVA (Analisis Of Variant) ,uji HOMOGENITAS (Test of Homogenity of Variance) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD (Least Significant Different). Hasil uji statistik menunjukan bahwa Dari ketiga dosis, penurunan kadar asam urat terbaik terdapat pada dosis 400 mg. Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzgium Polyanthum) , Antihiperusemi