Effect of proper oral rehabilitation on general health of mandibulectomy patients

Introduction Reduced oral aperture and mandibular opening are relatively common problems, which have a wide variety of causes [1]. Limited access to the oral cavity can be problematic for patients and dental professionals [2]. According to Glossary of Prosthodontics terms GPT [3], reduced oral aperture is defined as microstomia, which is a term used to describe any congenital or acquired reduction in the size of the oral opening that is severe enough to compromise esthetic, deglutition, nutrition, and quality of life [4]. The mandible is the key bone involved in face esthetic, mastication, and speech. Surgical resection of the mandible (known as a mandibulectomy) is often performed for tumors of the head and neck area, which should be followed by oral rehabilitation (i.e., occlusal adjustments and replacement of missing teeth and/or soft tissues, if involved) [5]. The treatment of oral tumors such as squamous cell carcinomas may require mandibular resection to secure adequate margins [6]. Segmental resection of the mandible leads to significant patient illness if not properly managed. Mandibulectomy can lead to loss of mandibular support to the teeth, inadequate mastication, impaired speech and disfigurement of the face [7]

Assessment of the success rate of endodontically treated patients attending outpatient polyclinic

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the success rate of the endodontically treated teeth in patients attending the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), from 2012 to 2015. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study involved endodontically treated teeth of patients attending the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM, from 2012 to 2015. Clinical and radiographic data were recorded and classified as successful or failed, and further analyzed by Fisher’s exact test to measure the correlation between the variables using SPSS software version 16.0. Kappa test was used to measure the overall relationship between clinical and radiographic findings. Results: A total of sixty teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically, the overall success rate was 85% (n = 51). Correlation between the variables showed nonsignificant (P > 0.05) in the success rate among age, gender, and race, upper and lower arches and between anterior and posterior teeth at the time of treatment. At postendodontic fixed restorations, the variables showed statistically significant relationship with the success rate (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Patients with no signs and symptoms and with no radiographical changes at the the time of clinical examination ,showed the highest percentage of success rate (85%) of postendodontic fixed restorations. Age, gender, and race have no significant relations with the success rate of endodontically treated teeth

Micro leakage, posterior resin restoration, Ariston PHc composite

Microleakage contributes to post- operative sensitivity, recurrent decay and failure of restoration. This study is to evaluate the ability of composite resin to reduce microleakage by release of ions like Ariston PHc and Tetric ceram composite. Method 72 Cl V cavity were prepared in 36 teeth (extracted upper first premolar), one buccally and one palatally in each tooth, the cavities were located on the middle third of the crown. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (24 cavities for each group); Group A: filled with Helio- molar radiopaque composite. Group B: filled with Tetric ceram composite. Group C: filled with Ariston PHc composite. After the teeth were filled, they were restored in normal physiological saline in an incubator at 37 Co . one third of each group ( 8 cavities ) were thermocycled for one day ( 30 cycle ) , 2nd third thermocycled for 10 days ( 300 cycle ) , and the last third thermocycled for 100 days ( 3000 cycle) , each cycle mean immersion of teeth in cold water 5 Co for 30 second than immersed in hot water 55 Co for 30 second. The apices of the teeth were blocked with cold cute acrylic resin and the crowns were coated with two layers of nail varnish except 1 mm around restoration. The teeth were than immersed in the 0.5 % basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours in 37 Coin incubators, and they were longitudinally buccolingually and the extent of the dye penetration was recorded. Results The results revealed that Tetric-ceram composite reduce the leakage at tooth-resin interface, and dye penetration was reducing with time of aging. Micro leakage , posterior composite resin restoration, Ariston PHc composite

The evaluation of microleakage in posterior composite restoration

The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of composite resin to reduce microleakage by release of ions like Ariston pHc and Tetric ceram composite. 72 Cl V cavity were prepared in 36 teeth (extracted upper first premolar), one buccally and one palatally in each tooth, the cavities were located on the middle third of the crown. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (24 cavities for each group); Group A: filled with Helio- molar radiopaque composite. Group B: filled with Tetric ceram composite. Group C: filled with Ariston PHc composite. After the teeth were filled, they were restored in normal physiological saline in an incubator at 37 Co . one third of each group ( 8 cavities ) were thermocycled for one day ( 30 cycle ) , 2nd third thermocycled for 10 days ( 300 cycle ) , and the last third thermocycled for 100 days ( 3000 cycle) , each cycle mean immersion of teeth in cold water 5 Co for 30 second than immersed in hot water 55 Co for 30 second. The apices of the teeth were blocked with cold cute acrylic resin and the crowns were coated with two layers of nail varnish except 1 mm around restoration. The teeth were than immersed in the 0.5 % basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours in 37 Coin incubators, and they were longitudinally buccolingually and the extent of the dye penetration was recorded. The results revealed that Tetric-ceram composite reduce the leakage at tooth-resin interface, and dye penetration was reducing with time of aging. None of the materials tested was able to eliminate completely the microleakag

The estimation of cost effectiveness of the composite restoration

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cost effectiveness of posterior composite resin through the amount of microleakage. Materials and Methods: 72 Cl V cavities were prepared in 36 teeth (extracted upper first premolar), one buccally and one palatally in each tooth, the cavities were located in the middle third of the crown. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (24 cavities for each group); Group A: filled with Helio- molar radiopaque composite. Group B: filled with Tetricceram composite. Group C: filled with an Ariston PHc composite . After the teeth were filled, they were restored in normal physiological saline in an incubator at 37 oC. one third of each group (8 cavities) were thermocycled for one day (30 cycle), 2nd third thermocycled for 10 days (300 cycle), and the last third thermocycled for 100 days (3000 cycle). One-way-ANOVA-analysis revealed significant differences among the groups (p<0.05) in the terms of the cost effectiveness, The results revealed that the Ariston Phc composite has better cost effectiveness from the other tested types. It is not a significant difference between Group C and B, and it is a significant difference between Group C and A. Material C has better cost effective than other tested materials. None of the materials tested was able to achieve the absolute cost effectiveness

Do other ethnics have the same complete denture biometric-guides as Caucasians?

To compare the applicability of biometric guides used in clinical and lab procedures of complete denture construction on different ethnic origins. Three hundred volunteers from three different ethnic origins (Malay, Chinese and Indians) with age range from 20 to 75 years-old were volunteered to participate in this study as test groups. The control group was consisted of 100 Caucasians volunteers with age range 21–66 years-old. Ethical committee approval was obtained from our University. In this comparative cross sectional descriptive and analytical study all patients were presented with natural incisors and canines. Measurements were performed to the width of the nostrils and the inner-canthus distance by digital caliper and compared to the width of the six upper anterior teeth and to both the width of the upper two centrals and the philtrum respectively. Alginate impression were made to all patients. Two lines were made from the centre of incisive papilla to the facial surfaces of the central incisors another line was made to the tip of the left and right canines. The distance from midpoint of incisive papilla to these three lines were measured on study casts. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16 software. The comparative results showed highly significant relations among comparative variables. No significant differences found among groups (p > 0.005). Biometric guides are applicable to most ethnic origins. Thus, they are important clues to be used significantly in both clinical and lab procedures of complete denture construction

Do other ethnics have the same complete denture biometric-guides as Caucasians?

To compare the applicability of biometric guides used in clinical and lab procedures of complete denture construction on different ethnic origins. Three hundred volunteers from three different ethnic origins (Malay, Chinese and Indians) with age range from 20 to 75 years-old were volunteered to participate in this study as test groups. The control group was consisted of 100 Caucasians volunteers with age range 21–66 years-old. Ethical committee approval was obtained from our University. In this comparative cross sectional descriptive and analytical study all patients were presented with natural incisors and canines. Measurements were performed to the width of the nostrils and the inner-canthus distance by digital caliper and compared to the width of the six upper anterior teeth and to both the width of the upper two centrals and the philtrum respectively. Alginate impression were made to all patients. Two lines were made from the centre of incisive papilla to the facial surfaces of the central incisors another line was made to the tip of the left and right canines. The distance from midpoint of incisive papilla to these three lines were measured on study casts. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 16 software. The comparative results showed highly significant relations among comparative variables. No significant differences found among groups (p > 0.005). Biometric guides are applicable to most ethnic origins. Thus, they are important clues to be used significantly in both clinical and lab procedures of complete denture construction

The accuracy difference between surgical microscope and CBCT to find MB2 canal in mesiobuccal root of maxillary permanent first molar in Malay population

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy difference between the surgical microscope and CBCT to find of extra canal MB2 in maxillary first molar among the Malay population. Materials and Methods: This was an in-vitro cross-sectional study on total of 83 extracted maxillary first permanent molars of Malay patients who attended the Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM. All teeth were cleaned, mounted in a wax box and were sent for a PA radiograph and cone beam computed tomography imaging. Cavity access was performed on all teeth followed by coronal patency under surgical microscope. Results: Out of 83 teeth, 68% were found with MB2 canal. However, prevalence of MB2 canal found in both clinical and radiographic examinations was 68%. Kappa statistic between clinical and radiographic examination was 0.94 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that agreement between clinical and radiographic assessments was almost perfect (94%), the treatment can be proceed without expose the patient to extra radiation and it was found the high prevalence of MB2 canal among a sample of Malay population

The use of digital and imaging technology for students’ evaluation in simulation operative technique

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of using digital and imaging technology in the assessment of students in the simulation operative technique. Methods: 47 students in the kulliyyah of dentistry/International Islamic University Malaysia was examined for Class II cavity preparation for amalgam on plastic tooth number 46. The evaluation was done by two faculty members using the digital and imaging technology acronym as "DIET" (Dental Instruction, Evaluation and Training System). Results were compared with marks obtained by direct visual assessments. Fifteen percent of the preparations were reevaluated to determine intra-examiner reliability. The evaluations also were analyzed for inter-examiner reliability. Results: The results taken through the use of the digital and imaging system was found to have no significant difference with those obtained from the direct visual assessment. Conclusion: The use of the new digital and imaging technology is helpful to facilitate web-based teaching and assist Dental faculties’ members in the grading of dental students. This would allow Malaysian dental faculties to be in the league of globally-known dental faculties which are using similar solutions. The use of the system has several advantages over the traditional method. It frees the lecturers from the paperwork and reduces the direct contact with students allowing lecturers to evaluate all aspects of the procedure at any time. This also decrease or eliminate students’ need to wait “in line” for evaluation. Limitation of contact with patients may reduce the cross-infection

The use of digital and imaging technology for students’ evaluation in simulation operative technique

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of using digital and imaging technology in the assessment of students in the simulation operative technique. Methods: 47 students in the kulliyyah of dentistry/International Islamic University Malaysia was examined for Class II cavity preparation for amalgam on plastic tooth number 46. The evaluation was done by two faculty members using the digital and imaging technology acronym as "DIET" (Dental Instruction, Evaluation and Training System). Results were compared with marks obtained by direct visual assessments. Fifteen percent of the preparations were reevaluated to determine intra-examiner reliability. The evaluations also were analyzed for inter-examiner reliability. Results: The results taken through the use of the digital and imaging system was found to have no significant difference with those obtained from the direct visual assessment. Conclusion: The use of the new digital and imaging technology is helpful to facilitate web-based teaching and assist Dental faculties’ members in the grading of dental students. This would allow Malaysian dental faculties to be in the league of globally-known dental faculties which are using similar solutions. The use of the system has several advantages over the traditional method. It frees the lecturers from the paperwork and reduces the direct contact with students allowing lecturers to evaluate all aspects of the procedure at any time. This also decrease or eliminate students’ need to wait “in line” for evaluation. Limitation of contact with patients may reduce the cross-infection. Keywords: Operative technique, digital technology, dental education