Tax fraud indicators / Rohaya Md Noor … [et al.]

This paper examines data of companies subjected to tax investigation during the tax years of 2001 to 2005 to detect the financial ratio associated with tax evasion. Using the financial ratio analysis, the objective of this study is to investigate the possible indicators of fraudulent financial reporting for tax evasion. Six financial ratios applied to a final sample of 73 companies. Univariate and multivariate statistical techniques are used to identify the indicators of fraud financial reporting. Based on the ordinary least square model, this study provides empirical evidence that the ratio of sales, working capital and debts over total assets, are significantly associated with the companies’ tax evasion. Hence, the findings imply that these ratios can be used by tax offices in their investigation as a predictor of fraud financial reporting for tax evasion purposes. The results therefore demonstrate that the findings could be of assistance to tax authorities in their effort to identify the possibility of tax evasion

Assessing multicollinearity via identification of high leverage points in financial accounting data / Norazan Mohamed Ramli ... [et al.]

Inaccurate and invalid statistical inferences in regression analysis may be caused by multicollinearity due to the presence of high leverage points (HLP) in a data set. Therefore, it is important that high leverage point which is a form ofoutlier be detected because its existence can lead to misfitting of a regression model, thus resulting in inaccuracy of regression results. In this paper, several methods have been proposed to identify HLP in a financial accounting data set prior to conducting further analysis of regression and other multivariate analysis. The Pearson scorrelation coefficient and variance inflation factors (VIF) were used to measure the success of a detection method. Numerical analysis showed that common diagnostics like the twice-mean and thrice-mean rules failed to detect HLP in the given data set whilst robust approaches such as the potentials and diagnostic-robust generalized potentials (DRGP) methods were found to be successful in identifying high leverage point as indicated by lower values of the Pearson s correlation coefficient and variance inflation factors