Aromatic nitrations by mixed acid. Slow liquid-liquid reaction regime

Aromatic nitrations by mixed acid have been selected as a specific case of a heterogeneous liquid-liquid reaction. An extensive experimental programme has been followed using adiabatic and heat-flow calorimetry and pilot reactor experiments, supported by chemical analysis. A series of nitration experiments has been carried out to study the influences of different initial and operating conditions such as temperature, stirring speed and sulphuric acid concentration. In parallel, a mathematical model to predict the overall conversion rate has been developed. In this paper the mathematical modelling and the implementation and experimental validation for benzene, toluene and chlorobenzene mononitration in the kinetic control regime (slow liquid-liquid reaction) are presented and discussed

A Method for Assessing Thermal Stability of Batch Reactors by Sensitivity Calculation Based on Lyapunov Exponents. Experimental Verification

Abstract not availableJRC.(STI)-Institute For Safety Technolog

A New Method for Assessing the Thermal Stability of Semibatch Processes Based on Lyapunov Exponents

Thermally safe operation of a SBR implies that conditions leading to a large accumulation of unconverted reactants are avoided. In this work a new method for assessing the thermal stability of semibatch processes is presented. The thermal runaway region is characterised as a function of the design parameters using a criterion based on the Lyapunov exponents. The results are in good agreement with existing methods. The advantages of this method are its simolicity and flexibility since it can be applied to complex systems without previous particular definition.JRC.(ISIS)-Institute For Systems, Informatics And Safet

Application of Parametric Sensitivity to Batch Process Safety. Theoretical and Experimental Studies

Abstract not availableJRC.(STI)-Institute For Safety Technolog

The Effect of Phase Inversion during Semibatch Aromatic Nitrations

Abstract not availableJRC.(STI)-Institute For Safety Technolog

Aromatic Nitrations by Mixed Acid Slow Liquid-Liquid Reactions

Abstract not availableJRC.(STI)-Institute For Safety Technolog

Aromatic Nitrations by Mixed Acid Fast Liquid-Liquid Reaction Regime

Abstract not availableJRC.(ISIS)-Institute For Systems, Informatics And Safet

Generalized Criteria for Boundary Safe Conditions in Semi-Batch Processes: Simulated Analysis and Experimental Results.

In this work, the generalised parametric sensitivity criterion has been applied to isoperbolic - constant jacket temperature- semi-batch reactors (SBRs). The results show that the criterion discerns between non-ignition and thermal runaway regions. However, the optimal parametric regions for operating semibatch processes, called QFS (Quick onset, Fair conversion and Smooth temperature profile) cannot be distinguished from the runway regions, since both belong to the ignition behaviour. For this reason, a new intrinsic generalised criterion for characterising QFS regions, based on the earliest ignition time of the process, has been developed. The combination of both criteria allows theoretical results to be compared with those existing in literature. Finally, a catalysed esterification reaction is used to compare the simulated and experimental results carried out in a 2 L bench-scale laboratory reactor and in a 100 L pilot plant reactor. These criteria are believed to be of great utility for the termal stability analysis of isoperibolic SBRs. Furthermore, they can be easily extended to cope with the control system in case of isothermal SBRs.JRC.(ISIS)-Institute For Systems, Informatics And Safet