Two-loop Renormalization in Quantum Gravity near Two Dimensions

We study two--loop renormalization in $(2+\epsilon)$--dimensional quantum gravity. As a first step towards the full calculation, we concentrate on the divergences which are proportional to the number of matter fields. We calculate the $\beta$ functions and show how the nonlocal divergences as well as the infrared divergences cancel among the diagrams. Although the formalism includes a subtlety concerning the general covariance due to the dynamics of the conformal mode, we find that the renormalization group allows the existence of a fixed point which possesses the general covariance. Our results strongly suggest that we can construct a consistent theory of quantum gravity by the $\epsilon$ expansion around two dimensions.Comment: 31 pages including 14 figures in uufile forma

Two-loop Prediction for Scaling Exponents in (2 + \epsilon)-dimensional Quantum Gravity

We perform the two loop level renormalization of quantum gravity in $2+\epsilon$ dimensions. We work in the background gauge whose manifest covariance enables us to use the short distance expansion of the Green's functions. We explicitly show that the theory is renormalizable to the two loop level in our formalism. We further make a physical prediction for the scaling relation between the gravitational coupling constant and the cosmological constant which is expected to hold at the short distance fixed point of the renormalization group. It is found that the two loop level calculation is necessary to determine the scaling exponent to the leading order in $\epsilon$.Comment: 36 pages, Latex file, 6 figure

Field Theoretical Analysis of On-line Learning of Probability Distributions

On-line learning of probability distributions is analyzed from the field theoretical point of view. We can obtain an optimal on-line learning algorithm, since renormalization group enables us to control the number of degrees of freedom of a system according to the number of examples. We do not learn parameters of a model, but probability distributions themselves. Therefore, the algorithm requires no a priori knowledge of a model.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, RevTe

Conformal Invariance and Renormalization Group in Quantum Gravity Near Two Dimensions

We study quantum gravity in $2+\epsilon$ dimensions in such a way to preserve the volume preserving diffeomorphism invariance. In such a formulation, we prove the following trinity: the general covariance, the conformal invariance and the renormalization group flow to Einstein theory at long distance. We emphasize that the consistent and macroscopic universes like our own can only exist for matter central charge $0<c<25$. We show that the spacetime singularity at the big bang is resolved by the renormalization effect and universes are found to bounce back from the big crunch. Our formulation may be viewed as a Ginzburg-Landau theory which can describe both the broken and the unbroken phase of quantum gravity and the phase transition between them.Comment: 32 pages, TIT-HEP-256, KEK-TH-395, YITP/U-94-1

Single Image Super Resolution Approach to the Signatures and Symbols Hidden in Buddhist Manuscript Sutras Written in Gold and Silver Inks on Indigo-Dyed Papers

Abstract and poster of paper 0960 presented at the Digital Humanities Conference 2019 (DH2019), Utrecht , the Netherlands 9-12 July, 2019