PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUCOSAL VACCINES AGAINST DANGEROUS INFECTIONS ON THE BASE OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS

Mucosal vaccines created on the base of transgenic plants reacting with mucosal layers of the intestines and other organs are considered to be the perspective method of the vaccination. These vaccines induce both mucosal and general humoral immunogenicity after the peroral administration. The folding of antigenic proteins synthesizing in plants occurs via eukaryotic type and has advantages before yeast and prokaryotic platforms. This feature results to more adequate synthesis of antibodies against pathogens and to the interaction with effector molecules of complement. Earlier we together with The State Scientific Center “Vector”, Institute of chemical biology and fundamental medicine SB RAS and Dr R.Hammond from Laboratory of Plant Pathology (Maryland, USA) created two candidate vaccines : one of them against AIDS (HIV-1) and hepatitis B on the base of the chimeric gene TBI-HBS, encoding simultaneously 9 antigenic determinants of HIV-1 and the main surface antigen of hepatitis B (HBsAg). The second candidate vaccine was created against hepatitis B on the base of the genetic construct with the gene preS2-S encoding the synthesis of two subunits of the main surface antigen of hepatitis B and the signal peptide HDEL which directed antigens for the accumulation on ER. Both vaccines were tested on mice and confirmed their immunogenicity as the pronounced antibodies response. Twice vaccinated mice maintained the antibodies response during 11 months after there was little tendency to lowering. It was established that transgenic plants – vaccines (tomato) kept the capability to the synthesis of antigenic determinants in seven seed generations during 7 years. The results of the development of the mucosal vaccine against cervical carcinoma (carcinoma of uterine cervix) evoked by human papillomaviruses of high oncogenic risks were presented in this report. We created the genetic construct consisting of 35S CaMV promoter, Ώ (omega) leader of TMV, the target gene HPV16 L1 and the nos terminator. The target gene HPV16 L1 of the most oncogenic type 16 of human papillomavirus was choosen as the object. Different procedures of the plant transformation were elaborated and the transgenic plants synthesizing the antigenic protein L1 of human papillomavirus of type 16 were obtained. The insertion and the expression of the target gene were controlled by northern blotting, the synthesis of antigenic protein HPV16 L1 was determined by ELISA and western blot. The antigenic protein of HPV16 L1 was synthesized in amount of 20 – 50 ng/mg of total soluble proteins in tomato transgenic plants. The results of the examination of the immunogenicity of the vaccine obtained by means of the peroral immunization of mice were showed in the report. Therefore it was demonstrated the principal opportunity of the creation of mucosal vaccines on the base of transgenic plants against several dangerous diseases

О буст-инвариантных решениях релятивистских уравнений поля

Twistorial algebraic methods to obtain solutions of the vacuum Maxwell equations, with complicated structure of singular loci, are described. The notion of boost-invariant solutions, with the field functions preserving their values under a hyperbolic rotation, is introduced. It is proved that, among the twistor-generated solutions, only the bisingular Born solution and the two its known modifications (with a double-ring and an expanding toroidal singularities) are axisymmetric and boost invariant at the same time.Описываются твисторные алгебраические методы получения решений вакуумных уравнений Максвелла со сложной структурой сингулярного множества. Вводится понятие буст-инвариантных решений, с полевыми функциями, сохраняющими свои значения при гиперболическом повороте. Показано, что среди твисторно-генерируемых решений только бисингулярное решение Борна и две известные его модификации (с сингулярностью вида пары колец или расширяющегося тора) являются как аксиально-симметричными, так и буст-инвариантными

Investigation of the bischofite gel reparative effect on the linear wound model

Introduction. The currently available information on the bischofite mineral pharmacodynamics makes it possible to assume that bischofite-based gels have wound-healing properties. Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on 36 male rats. Using a blade, a linear wound of 50 mm long was modeled. Animals were divided into 4 groups: 1) Control; 2) Bishofit (500 mg of gel with bischofite on the wound area for 7 days); 3) Actovegine (500 mg of Actovegine gel on the wound area for 7 days); 4) Contractubex (500 mg of contractubex gel on the wound area for 7 days). The wound healing effect of the drugs was evaluated through studying the physicomechanical properties, assessing the morphological picture, determining the concentration of hydroxyproline (HP) and calculating the ratio of types I and III collagen. Results. The strongest healing effect on the wound defect, significantly greater than that in the control (p Actovegine> Control> Contractubex. A similar trend is demonstrated by the morphological picture of tissues in the area of the wound defect. Conclusion. The study showed that the best results were obtained with external use of bischofite gel. Actovegine has a less significant, but quite pronounced reparative, effect on this model. The least satisfactory results were obtained when applying contractubex