Vacuum refinning cooper blister to remove antimony

A research on kinetics of antimony evaporation from molten copper blister was made in a vacuum induction melting (VIM) furnace at temperatures of 1 473 and 1 523 K, and operating pressures of 8 - 133 Pa. The evaporation rate of Sb was found to be first order with respect to your content in the melt. The overall mass transfer coefficient of antimony evaporation from cooper blister are from 1,82×10-5 ms-1 to 3,43×10-5 ms-1 at 1 473 K (8 Pa) - 1 523 K (133 Pa)

Behaviour of iron during reduction of slag obtained from copper flash smelting

In a technological process of copper production in the flash smelting furnace, slags with high metal contents, such as copper, lead and iron, are generated. These slags differ in their chemical compositions from slags obtained in processes of copper concentrate flash smelting or bath smelting. With the technology used at KGHM, the slag discussed in the article is processed during smelting reduction that is carried out in the electric furnace. As a result, a Cu-Pb-Fe alloy is obtained and subjected to the converting process along with waste slag which contains ca. 0,5 % mass Cu. The article presents an analysis of results of the research on behaviour of iron in the course of slag reduction where diverse fine-grained carbon-bearing materials function as reducers

Numerical modeling of induction hardening of gear wheels made of steel AMS 6419

Numerical modeling of induction hardening of gear wheels made of steel AMS 6419 (AISI 300M) was presented in the paper. In order to determine correct values of critical temperatures for investigated steel Time-Temperature- Austenitization (TTA) and Continuous-Cooling-Temperature (CCT) diagrams are measured. Mathematical model of the process is formulated and described. Exemplary results are presented. Final conclusions are formulated

Research on the reduction of cooper slag using an alternative coal range

Blister copper smelting in a flash furnace results in the generation of slag with a Cu content greater than 15 percent. In the process of reduction in an electric furnace, coke or coke breeze is used as a carbon-bearing material. The presented work shows the results of studies on the reduction of the slag with a carbon flotoconcentrate as a substitute for coke breeze. The microstructure, chemical composition and phase composition of slag samples were analyzed. Based on the results of chemical composition of the Cu-Pb-Fe alloy and the post-reduction slag, it was shown that carbon flotoconcentrate might be considered as an alternative for currently used reducers

Experimental stand for investigation of induction hardening of steel elements

The experimental stand for investigation of induction surface hardening of gear wheels was described in the paper. In order to control parameters of the process a specialized equipment for identification of all important process parameters including registration of temperature changes in time and measurements of current intensity was installed. Exemplary results are presented. It is planned that the stand will be used as a demonstrator for a presentation of advantages of modern induction hardening technologies

Effects of a bath composition on aluminium loss during Ti-Al alloy smelting in a vacuum induction furnace

In the paper, results of a kinetic analysis of aluminium evaporation from binary Ti-Al alloys during their smelting in a vacuum induction furnace are presented

Aspekty wykorzystania robotów przemysłowych w procesach metalurgicznych

ndustrial robots are increasingly widely used in industrial metallurgical processes, their main aim being greater effectiveness of the process and higher precision of the tasks performed. The characteristic feature of numerous metallurgical processes, however, is the occurrence of strong electromagnetic fields. This paper presents the assessment of the accuracy of operation of an industrial robot in electromagnetic environment. The research encompassed the measurements of temperature of selected robot components and also the measurements of accuracy of the tasks performed. Additionally, some numerical simulations were carried out for determining the Joule losses produced in particular elements of the robot. The object of the research was an induction heater working with the industrial frequency. The numerical computations were performed by the code Flux 3D.Coraz szersze zastosowanie w procesach przemysłowych metalurgicznych znajdują roboty przemysłowe. Głównym celem stosowania robotów jest usprawnienie procesu oraz zwiększenie dokładności wykonywanych zadań. Jednak cechą charakterystyczną procesów metalurgicznych jest występowanie pola elektromagnetycznego o znacznym natężeniu. W publikacji została przeprowadzona ocena poprawności działania robota przemysłowego w środowisku elektromagnetycznym. Badania obejmowały pomiary temperatury elementów robota oraz dokładności wykonywania przez niego określonych zadań. Dodatkowo przeprowadzono symulacje numeryczne, w których wyznaczono moc wydzielana w poszczególnych elementach robota. Obliczenia numeryczne wykonano przy użyciu programu komputerowego Flux 3D