8 research outputs found

    AmĂ©lioration de l’état nutritionnel des enfants ĂągĂ©s de 6 Ă  30 mois Ă  LissĂšzoun (Centre-BĂ©nin) par la poudre de feuilles de Moringa oleifera (Lam.)

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    Le but de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude est d’apprĂ©cier l’effet d’une prise quotidienne de 10 g de poudre de feuilles de Moringa oleifera (PFMo) sur l’état nutritionnel des enfants de 6 Ă  30 mois d’ñge souffrant de malnutrition aigĂŒe modĂ©rĂ©e aprĂšs 6 mois de supplĂ©mentation. Deux groupes ont Ă©tĂ© constituĂ©s Ă  partir de 84 nourrissons choisis dans un centre de rĂ©cupĂ©ration nutritionnelle du village de LissĂšzoun (Centre-BĂ©nin) : l’un a reçu la PFMo et l’autre, choisi comme tĂ©moin n’a pas reçu cette poudre. L’état nutritionnel des enfants a Ă©tĂ© apprĂ©ciĂ© par des indicateurs anthropomĂ©triques. A la fin des 6 mois, les rĂ©sultats montrent que la supplĂ©mentation quotidienne en PFMo a amĂ©liorĂ© significativement l’état nutritionnel des enfants aussi bien pour l’émaciation (Z-score Poids/Taille de -1,0 ± 0,9 au dĂ©but de l’intervention Ă  0,7 ± 1,0 Ă  la fin des 6 mois), le retard de croissance (Z-score Taille/Age de -2,6 ± 0,7 Ă  0,4 ± 0,7) que pour l’insuffisance pondĂ©rale (Z-score Poids/Age de -2,2 ± 0,6 Ă  0,7 ± 0,7). L’amĂ©lioration des Z-scores a Ă©tĂ© plus importante dans le groupe d’intervention que dans le groupe tĂ©moin et s’est traduite par des prĂ©valences nulles pour les trois types de malnutrition Ă  la fin de la pĂ©riode d’expĂ©rimentation. © 2013 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clĂ©s : Poudre de feuilles de Moringa oleifera, malnutrition aigue modĂ©rĂ©e, supplĂ©mentation, anthropomĂ©trie

    Effects of acute exposure to cotton insecticide thalis 112 EC (emamectin benzoate 48 g.l-1 and acetamiprid 64 g.l-1) in African catfish Clarias gariepinus embryos

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    Thalis 112 EC, a binary insecticide based on Emamectin benzoate (48 g.L-1) and Acetamiprid (64 g.L-1), is widely used in agriculture in Benin, to control cotton pests including Helicoverpa armigera. In order to assess the impact of acute concentrations of this binary on the development of  eggs/embryos of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus, an experiment was conducted in the laboratory. The fertilized eggs of C. gariepinus (n 100)  were exposed to six concentrations of Thalis (T0: 0.0; T1: 10.0; T2: 60.0; T3: 110.0; T4: 160.0 and T5: 210.0 ppm), each in three replicates. The  arithmetic method of Karber was used to calculate LC50 values. The 24h-LC50 and 48h-LC50 values of Thalis for eggs/embryos were 124.09 and  117.58 ppm, respectively. High Thalis concentrations significantly increased eggs/ embryos mortality and decreased hatching success (p<0.05,  Dunnett’s test). Rates of various physical deformities such as short-tail and lordosis, and the abnormalities such as black pigmentation on yolk sac,  intense lethargy, etc., also climbed with increasing Thalis concentrations (p<0.05, Dunnett’s test). The findings from the current study showed that  Thalis exerts adverse effects on embryo development of C. gariepinus. They constitute an alert on the toxic effect of chemical pesticides used in  Benin on the first developmental stages of fish inhabiting aquatic ecosystems. &nbsp

    Optimisation de la productivitĂ© piscicole des Ă©tangs par l’association du jeĂ»ne et de la co-culture chez Clarias gariepinus et Oreochromis niloticus

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    Objectif: Dans le but d’optimiser la productivitĂ© des Ă©tangs piscicoles, une Ă©tude de 29 jours a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e sur l’association du jeĂ»ne Ă  la co-culture de Clarias gariepinus – Oreochromis niloticus sur la ferme piscicole PPP Sarl de Thian Ă  Parakou (BĂ©nin).MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats: Des alevins de C. gariepinus (4,1 ± 0,15 g) et de O. niloticus (8,52 ± 0,42 g) ont Ă©tĂ© placĂ©s respectivement dans des happas de 1 m2 (30 alevins / m2) et de 6,25 m2 (30 alevins / happa), chaque happa contenant C. gariepinus Ă©tant insĂ©rĂ© dans un happa de O. niloticus. Trois traitements : T0, c’est le traitement contrĂŽle (lot nourri 3 fois par jour avec du Gouessant, aliment importĂ©); T1, c’est le traitement tĂ©moin (lot nourri 3 fois par jour avec de l’aliment mixte constituĂ© de 50% Gouessant et 50% aliment local) et T2, c’est le traitement expĂ©rimental (lot nourri une fois par jour avec l’aliment mixte) ont Ă©tĂ© testĂ©s chacun en triplicat. Seuls les alevins de C. gariepinus ont Ă©tĂ© nourris durant la pĂ©riode de l’essai, les alevins de O. niloticus Ă©tant phytoplanctonphages, sont soumis Ă  la seule production primaire produite par les dĂ©jections et les aliments non consommĂ©s par C. gariepinus et qui se sont dĂ©composĂ©s. Au terme de l’essai, seuls les lots tĂ©moins T1 prĂ©sentent les mĂȘmes performances de survie et de croissances que les individus des lots T0 pour les deux espĂšces. Les lots T2 ont prĂ©sentĂ© des performances plus faibles.Conclusion et application des rĂ©sultats: Le traitement T1 permet d’optimiser la productivitĂ© des Ă©tangs en maintenant les performances zootechniques Ă  un niveau acceptable chez les deux espĂšces. Ainsi en milieu paysan, il est possible de produire en happas simultanĂ©ment C. gariepinus et O. niloticus, en ne nourrissant 3 fois/Jour Ă  satiĂ©tĂ© que les C. gariepinus avec un mĂ©lange du Gouessant et de l’aliment local. Lorsque la durĂ©e du jeĂ»ne augmente les performances chutent.Mots clĂ©s: Co-culture, JeĂ»ne, Ă©tangs, aliment mixte, Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticusEnglish Title: Optimization of pond fish productivity by the association of fasting and co-culture in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticusEnglish AbstractObjective: In order to optimize the productivity of fish ponds, 29-day study was conducted on the association of fasting with the co-culture of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus on the PPP Sarl fish farm to Thian in Parakou (Benin).Methods and results: Fingerlings of C. gariepinus (4.1 ± 0.15 g) and O. niloticus (8.52 ± 0.42 g) were respectively placed in happas of 1 m2 (30 fingerlings / m2) and 6.25 m2 (30 fingerlings / happa), each happa containing African catfish being inserted into a happa of Nile tilapia. Three treatments (T0, T1, T2) were tested in triplicat. In T0, fish received Gouessant (imported food) 3 times / day, in T1 fish were fed with mixed food (50% of Gouessant and 50% of local food) 3 times daily and in T2, fish were fed with the mixed food one time daily. Only C. gariepinus were fed during the test period, O. niloticus being phytoplankton-eating, subject to the only primary production produced by the excrement and food not consumed by African catfish and are broken down. At the end of the study, only T1 treated fish have the same survival and growth performance as T0. T2 treated fish showed lower performance.Conclusion and application of the results: The treatment T1 optimizes pond’s productivity by maintaining the zootechnical performances at an acceptable level in both species. Thus, in a farming environment, it is possible to produce African catfish and Nile tilapia at the same time in happas, feeding only 3 times / day to satiety C. gariepinus with a mixture of Gouessant and local food. When the duration of the fast increases the performances fall.Keywords: Co-culture, Fasting, ponds, mixed feed, Clarias gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticu

    Revisiting the self-adaptive large neighborhood search

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    This paper revisits the Self-Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search introduced by Laborie and Godard. We propose a variation in the weight-update mechanism especially useful when the LNS operators available in the portfolio exhibit unequal running times. We also propose some generic relaxations working for a large family of problems in a black-box fashion. We evaluate our method on various problem types demonstrating that our approach converges faster toward a selection of efficient operators. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
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