10,126 research outputs found
Detection of transgenic and endogenous plant DNA in blood and organs of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fed a diet formulated with genetically modified soybean meal
Anxiety regarding the fate of ingested transgenic DNA in farmed fish fed genetically modified (GM) soybean meal (SBM) has been raised with regard to human consumption. The objective of this study was to detect possibility of gene transfer of transgenic and endogenous DNA fragments in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) blood and organs after consumption of a GM SBM diet. Nile tilapias with an average weight of 75.0 g were fed diets containing 48% GM or non-GM SBM for 21 days. During this period, a GM SBM diet was fed to fish for 12 days, and then switched to feed with non-GM SBM for 9 days for determining the residual span of the transferred cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter fragment. Blood, spleen, liver, intestine, kidney, and muscle tissues were taken (n = 10) every three days during the feeding period. Total DNA was extracted from the samples and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for determining the presence of a 108-bp fragment of the CaMV 35S promoter and a 144-bp fragment of the soybean chloroplast-specific DNA. Low-copy chloroplast-specific DNA fragment was detected in all organ and tissue samples and the majority of intestinal samples of fish fed GM SBM diet. Similarly, a low number and faint signals of the CaMV 35S promoter fragments were detected in all organ samples except muscle of fish fed the GM SBM diet, while none were detected 3 days after changing to a non-GM SBM diet. A very low frequency of transmittance to muscle and organs of fish was confirmed. It is recognized that the low copy number of transgenic DNA in the GM SBM diet is a challenge to their detection in tissues. These results suggested that transgenic DNA would be processed in the gastrointestinal tract in a similar manner with conventional plant DNA
Magnetic ground state of pyrochlore oxides close to metal-insulator boundary probed by muon spin rotation
Magnetism of ruthernium pyrochlore oxides A2Ru2O7 (A = Hg, Cd, Ca), whose
electronic properties within a localized ion picture are characterized by
non-degenerate t2g orbitals (Ru5+, 4d3) and thereby subject to geometrical
frustration, has been investigated by muon spin rotation/relaxation (muSR)
technique. The A cation (mostly divalent) was varied to examine the effect of
covalency (Hg > Cd > Ca) on their electronic property. In a sample with A = Hg
that exhibits a clear metal-insulator (MI) transition below >> 100 K (which is
associated with a weak structural transition), a nearly commensurate magnetic
order is observed to develop in accordance with the MI transition. Meanwhile,
in the case of A = Cd where the MI transition is suppressed to the level of
small anomaly in the resistivity, the local field distribution probed by muon
indicates emergence of a certain magnetic inhomogeneity below {\guillemotright}
30 K. Moreover, in Ca2Ru2O7 that remains metallic, we find a highly
inhomogeneous local magnetism below >>25 K that comes from randomly oriented Ru
moments and thus described as a "frozen spin liquid" state. The systematic
trend of increasing randomness and itinerant character with decreasing
covalency suggests close relationship between these two characters. As a
reference for the effect of orbital degeneracy and associated Jahn-Teller
instability, we examine a tetravalent ruthernium pyrochlore, Tl2Ru2O7 (Ru4+,
4d4), where the result of muSR indicates a non-magnetic ground state that is
consistent with the formation of the Haldane chains suggested by neutron
diffraction experiment.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figure
An Efficient Algorithm for Enumerating Chordless Cycles and Chordless Paths
A chordless cycle (induced cycle) of a graph is a cycle without any
chord, meaning that there is no edge outside the cycle connecting two vertices
of the cycle. A chordless path is defined similarly. In this paper, we consider
the problems of enumerating chordless cycles/paths of a given graph
and propose algorithms taking time for each chordless cycle/path. In
the existing studies, the problems had not been deeply studied in the
theoretical computer science area, and no output polynomial time algorithm has
been proposed. Our experiments showed that the computation time of our
algorithms is constant per chordless cycle/path for non-dense random graphs and
real-world graphs. They also show that the number of chordless cycles is much
smaller than the number of cycles. We applied the algorithm to prediction of
NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectra, and increased the accuracy of the
prediction
A case of Autoimmune-related Pancreatitis - Usefulness of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography for the Evaluation of the Effect of Steroid Therapy -
開始ページ、終了ページ: 冊子体のページ付
Slow-roll Inflation with the Gauss-Bonnet and Chern-Simons Corrections
We study slow-roll inflation with the Gauss-Bonnet and Chern-Simons
corrections. We obtain general formulas for the observables: spectral indices,
tensor-to-scalar ratio and circular polarization of gravitational waves. The
Gauss-Bonnet term violates the consistency relation r = -8n_T. Particularly,
blue spectrum n_T > 0 and scale invariant spectrum |8n_T|/r << 1 of tensor
modes are possible. These cases require the Gauss-Bonnet coupling function of
\xi _{,\phi } \sim 10^8/M_{Pl}. We use examples to show new-inflation-type
potential with 10M_{Pl} symmetry breaking scale and potential with flat region
in \phi \gtrsim 10M_{Pl} lead to observationally consistent blue and scale
invariant spectra, respectively. Hence, these interesting cases can actually be
realized. The Chern-Simons term produce circularly polarized tensor modes. We
show an observation of these signals supports existence of the Chern-Simons
coupling function of \omega _{,\phi } \sim 10^8/M_{Pl}. Thus, with future
observations, we can fix or constrain the value of these coupling functions, at
the CMB scale.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figure
Design of Sliding Mode Techniques for a CMG-based Testbed Attitude Control System
Precise pointing accuracy and rapid maneuvering are two key features for attitude control missions of small spacecraft. Control moment gyroscopes (CMGs) are applied as ideal actuator for large torque output capability but are usually limited due to the problem of inherent mechanical singularity. This paper proposes a robust attitude control methodology, based on Sliding Mode Control (SMC) techniques, in presence of CMG practical restrictions and disturbances. Two second-order SMC techniques are designed, to guarantee accuracy and limited convergence time. Moreover, attitude control torques are generated by means of four single gimbal CMGs in pyramidal configuration, considering the design of an experimental testbed. The effectiveness of the proposed methodologies are shown in simulations, for different mission scenarios, including singularity points
A note on string solutions in AdS_3
We systematically search for classical open string solutions in AdS_3 within
the general class expressed by elliptic functions (i.e., the genus-one
finite-gap solutions). By explicitly solving the reality and Virasoro
conditions, we give a classification of the allowed solutions. When the
elliptic modulus degenerates, we find a class of solutions with six null
boundaries, among which two pairs are collinear. By adding the S^1 sector, we
also find four-cusp solutions with null boundaries expressed by the elliptic
functions.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure; (v2) added 1 figure and discussion on solutions
with 6 null boundaries; (v3) corrected equation numbers; (v4) added comment
Quantum network coding for quantum repeaters
This paper considers quantum network coding, which is a recent technique that
enables quantum information to be sent on complex networks at higher rates than
by using straightforward routing strategies. Kobayashi et al. have recently
showed the potential of this technique by demonstrating how any classical
network coding protocol gives rise to a quantum network coding protocol. They
nevertheless primarily focused on an abstract model, in which quantum resource
such as quantum registers can be freely introduced at each node. In this work,
we present a protocol for quantum network coding under weaker (and more
practical) assumptions: our new protocol works even for quantum networks where
adjacent nodes initially share one EPR-pair but cannot add any quantum
registers or send any quantum information. A typically example of networks
satisfying this assumption is {\emph{quantum repeater networks}}, which are
promising candidates for the implementation of large scale quantum networks.
Our results thus show, for the first time, that quantum network coding
techniques can increase the transmission rate in such quantum networks as well.Comment: 9 pages, 11figure
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