86,794 research outputs found
The Superposition Principle of Waves Not Fulfilled under M. W. Evans' O(3) Hypothesis
In 1992 M.W. Evans proposed a so-called O(3) symmetry of electromagnetic
fields by adding a constant longitudinal "ghost field" to the well-known
transversal plane em waves. He considered this symmetry as a new law of
electromagnetics. Later on, since 2002, this O(3) symmetry became the center of
his Generally Covariant Unified Field Theory which he recently renamed as ECE
Theory. One of the best-checked laws of electrodynamics is the principle of
linear superposition of electromagnetic waves, manifesting itself in
interference phenomena. Its mathematical equivalent is the representation of
electric and magnetic fields as vectors. By considering the superposition of
two phase-shifted waves we show that the superposition principle is
incompatible with M.W. Evans' O(3) hypothesis.Comment: 5 pages, no figure
Fiber distributed feedback laser
Utilizing round optical fibers as communication channels in optical communication networks presents the problem of obtaining a high efficiency coupling between the optical fiber and the laser. A laser is made an integral part of the optical fiber channel by either diffusing active material into the optical fiber or surrounding the optical fiber with the active material. Oscillation within the active medium to produce lasing action is established by grating the optical fiber so that distributed feedback occurs
Condensation transitions in a model for a directed network with weighted links
An exactly solvable model for the rewiring dynamics of weighted, directed
networks is introduced. Simulations indicate that the model exhibits two types
of condensation: (i) a phase in which, for each node, a finite fraction of its
total out-strength condenses onto a single link; (ii) a phase in which a finite
fraction of the total weight in the system is directed into a single node. A
virtue of the model is that its dynamics can be mapped onto those of a
zero-range process with many species of interacting particles -- an exactly
solvable model of particles hopping between the sites of a lattice. This
mapping, which is described in detail, guides the analysis of the steady state
of the network model and leads to theoretical predictions for the conditions
under which the different types of condensation may be observed. A further
advantage of the mapping is that, by exploiting what is known about exactly
solvable generalisations of the zero-range process, one can infer a number of
generalisations of the network model and dynamics which remain exactly
solvable.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figure
Johnson-Kendall-Roberts theory applied to living cells
Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory is an accurate model for strong adhesion
energies of soft slightly deformable material. Little is known about the
validity of this theory on complex systems such as living cells. We have
addressed this problem using a depletion controlled cell adhesion and measured
the force necessary to separate the cells with a micropipette technique. We
show that the cytoskeleton can provide the cells with a 3D structure that is
sufficiently elastic and has a sufficiently low deformability for JKR theory to
be valid. When the cytoskeleton is disrupted, JKR theory is no longer
applicable
Laser action generated within a light pipe: A concept
Laser light could be generated within light pipe itself, thereby eliminating coupling losses. Theoretical calculations have shown feasibility of light-pipe laser propagating in circularly-polarized TE mode. It is predicted that fiber-optic distributed-feedback laser would have gain on order of 25 dB
Stability of some epoxy-encapsulated diode thermometers
The stability upon thermal cycling and handling of ten small, epoxy-encapsulated silicon diode thermometers at six temperatures in the range from liquid nitrogen temperatures to about 60 C. The nominal temperatures of measurement were -196, -78, 0, 20, 40, and 60 C, as measured on the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968. Diodes were to be thermally cycled 15 to 20 times. Since NASA anticipates that the uncertainty in their temperature measurements will be + or - 50 mK, uncertainties as large as + or - 10 mK in the measurements of the evaluaton can be accommodated without deleteriously affecting the value of the results of the investigation
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