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Abstract The present study focused on the iconic memory and echoic memory in children with learning disability (LD).A total of 35 subjects participated in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of fifteen children with LD and group II consisted of twenty normal children. All the subjects belonged to an age range of 8-12 years. Standardized line drawn pictures of frequently occurring nouns were taken as stimuli from Early Language Training Ki

Dealing with Gender Bias inside Bangladeshi Classrooms -An Overview of Teachers

Abstract In this paper, the author investigates to what extent the English language teachers in different private universities in Bangladesh are aware of gender bias, how it influences their teaching and how they react and respond to it. To find answers to these questions, a questionnaire was used to be completed by teachers from different private universities in Bangladesh. Question papers designed by a few teachers were studied, some classes were observed and a few teachers were interviewed. The findings are discussed in the paper and, consequently, some suggestions are also made. The findings show that the Bangladeshi private university teachers are not much aware of gender bias; more initiatives should be taken to make them cognizant of it

Altered TMPRSS2 usage by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron impacts infectivity and fusogenicity

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant emerged in 2021(1) and has multiple mutations in its spike protein(2). Here we show that the spike protein of Omicron has a higher affinity for ACE2 compared with Delta, and a marked change in its antigenicity increases Omicron's evasion of therapeutic monoclonal and vaccine-elicited polyclonal neutralizing antibodies after two doses. mRNA vaccination as a third vaccine dose rescues and broadens neutralization. Importantly, the antiviral drugs remdesivir and molnupiravir retain efficacy against Omicron BA.1. Replication was similar for Omicron and Delta virus isolates in human nasal epithelial cultures. However, in lung cells and gut cells, Omicron demonstrated lower replication. Omicron spike protein was less efficiently cleaved compared with Delta. The differences in replication were mapped to the entry efficiency of the virus on the basis of spike-pseudotyped virus assays. The defect in entry of Omicron pseudotyped virus to specific cell types effectively correlated with higher cellular RNA expression of TMPRSS2, and deletion of TMPRSS2 affected Delta entry to a greater extent than Omicron. Furthermore, drug inhibitors targeting specific entry pathways(3) demonstrated that the Omicron spike inefficiently uses the cellular protease TMPRSS2, which promotes cell entry through plasma membrane fusion, with greater dependency on cell entry through the endocytic pathway. Consistent with suboptimal S1/S2 cleavage and inability to use TMPRSS2, syncytium formation by the Omicron spike was substantially impaired compared with the Delta spike. The less efficient spike cleavage of Omicron at S1/S2 is associated with a shift in cellular tropism away from TMPRSS2-expressing cells, with implications for altered pathogenesis

Language in India www.languageinindia.com 12 : 2 February 2012 Taher Bahrani and Rahmatollah Soltani An Overview on How to Utilize Authentic Language Input for Language Teaching 800 LANGUAGE IN INDIA Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow An Over

Abstract Today, the application of various audiovisual mass media programs such as films and cartoons has gone beyond the boundaries of entertainment. As a matter of fact, various types of audiovisual programs can be used as a rich source of authentic language input for language teaching. The pedagogical values of authentic materials have been emphasized by many researchers. In fact, many researchers agree on the fact that authentic language input from various audiovisual programs has the potential to provide the necessary language input for language learning. In the same line, the present paper aims at highlighting the pedagogical values of films and cartoons as two types of programs which have the optimal potential to enhance language learning if they are utilized properly in language classrooms

Education) Scholar Analysis of the Training Needs of Secondary School Teachers of District Kohat

ABSTRACT The research was conducted to analyze the training needs of secondary school teachers of district Kohat. The main objective of the study was to identify the pedagogical training needs of teachers of secondary schools and to identify the mode of in-service training suitable for the teachers' professional development and to identify the general framework of in-service professional development programs. It was basically a survey study in which opinion of teachers and head teachers were collected on a three point Likert scale along with some of the open ended questions. All secondary school teachers for boys of district Kohat constituted the population of the study. From the entire population of 42 schools, 16 schools were selected through simple random sampling technique. In these schools, 16 Heads and 64 teachers from government secondary schools of District Kohat were selected as sample of this study. After pilot study, the research instrument was finalized and data was collected from the sample. Data was analyzed with the help of SPSS. The results indicated that teachers should be trained in pedagogical skills especially in lesson planning, use of technology, problem solving skills, professional grooming, management of classroom, dealing with conflict at individual and group levels, delegating the tasks, dealing with behavioural issues and communication skills. The research was significant as the results of the study will be used to effectively develop a qualitative professional development in-service program for teachers at secondary level institutions in order to make them effective in their instructional leadership skills

Cricketing Language in the Political Discourse of Pakistan 1

Abstract Cricket is the most widely followed sport in Pakistan. It has, with the passage of time, become a vital part of the Pakistani society. Influencing not merely some limited social aspects, Cricket has also penetrated through much complex social phenomena like politics and diplomacy. Impetus to this is the extensive usage of cricketing language by the politicians of Pakistan in their political discourse. This not only indicates that cricket holds a greater-than-sport status in Pakistan but also posits that the political discourse, much like other discourses, is socially determined. This paper analyses selective news items, articles and political statements etc., to indicate and tabulate a number of cricketing terminologies, metaphors and phrases being frequently used in political sense

Genomic characterization and epidemiology of an emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant in Delhi, India

Delhi, the national capital of India, experienced multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks in 2020 and reached population seropositivity of >50% by 2021. During April 2021, the city became overwhelmed by COVID-19 cases and fatalities, as a new variant, B.1.617.2 (Delta), replaced B.1.1.7 (Alpha). A Bayesian model explains the growth advantage of Delta through a combination of increased transmissibility and reduced sensitivity to immune responses generated against earlier variants (median estimates: 1.5-fold greater transmissibility and 20% reduction in sensitivity). Seropositivity of an employee and family cohort increased from 42% to 87.5% between March and July 2021, with 27% reinfections, as judged by increased antibody concentration after a previous decline. The likely high transmissibility and partial evasion of immunity by the Delta variant contributed to an overwhelming surge in Delhi

Exploring the Preferences of Knowledge & Understanding Needs of Secondary School Students 288

Abstract The present study was designed to identify the Preferences of Knowledge & Understanding needs of students of ages of 14 + to 16 + year that may influence curriculum development for classes (IX & X) of the schools located in the district Faisalabad. The data were collected from 10% of students of urban & rural secondary schools. So, the total strength of students of sample of urban secondary schools was 248 and rural secondary school was 198. The total strength of students of the sample was 446. Questionnaires were used as research instruments. Because there was no adequate instrument to measure the importance, existence, availability or non-availability of students needs, a self-Reporting rating scale (SRRS) was developed. This instrument included items constructed on the basis of likert scale. This measure was to ask the respondents to respond to a series of 20 items by indicating their level of satisfaction on a five point scale from "Strongly agree" to strongly agree" to "strongly disagree"

Theories and Practices of Hurkiya Theatre in

ABSTRACT The present paper is an effort to analyze Uttarakhand's HURKIYA THEATRE in the light of traditional concepts, theories and practices, vis a vis the culture of hill state in which thi