Loss and Grief Measurement Tool for Battered Women

Research has focused on battered women\u27s safety needs which are supportive of women leaving their abusive partners. Despite the established intervention techniques and the availability of concrete support services, a high percentage of women will remain in or return to violent homes. A gap in research surrounds the emotional attachments and the lack of intrapersonal support for battered women, which would provide them with a process to heal from the abuse. Through an exploratory method, this study designed an easy-to-use measurement tool to assess the loss and grief battered women experience. Qualitative interviews were conducted of practitioners in the design and evaluation of the too[. The grieving process of battered women is framed in five phases: shock, awareness of loss, withdrawal, healing -- the turning point, and renewal. This self-assessment tool comprises 40 items and is combined with brief descriptions of the characteristics of these phases

Cultivating the Holy Callings of Ordinary Saints: The Church at Work for the Life of the World

The Christian Church has long struggled to make better connections between Sunday and Monday by effectively equipping the priesthood of all believers for living out its faith in the world. This thesis reports the results of a participatory action research project aimed at cultivating connections between faith, baptismal callings, daily work, and the missio Dei through several congregational interventions. The results showed the effectiveness of cultivating a congregational culture through worship, faith formation activities, service, and especially small groups, for the purpose of strengthening congregation members’ witness in the workplace

Factors contributing to humoral immunity against pneumonic plague

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on May 13, 2013).The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file.Dissertation advisor: Dr. Deborah M. AndersonIncludes bibliographical references.Vita.Ph. D. University of Missouri-Columbia 2012."May 2012"Yersinia pestis is the etiologic agent of plague and is responsible for more human deaths throughout history than any other bacterial pathogen. During infection bacteria inject effector proteins into target host cells using a Type III secretion system (T3SS). Immunity to plague is conferred to the host via antibodies targeting LcrV, an essential component of the T3SS. Although protective anti-LcrV antibodies block injection, the precise mechanism of protection is unknown. As such, we sought here to define the requirements for humoral immunity to plague. We found that protective antibodies not only block T3S, but also opsonize bacteria for phagocytic uptake. Thus, we next examined the role of macrophages in disease clearance and found that while cells limit bacterial replication, they are unable to clear infection. Thus we hypothesized that another immune cell is important for disease clearance and found that recruitment and activation of neutrophils is essential for clearing infection in the presence of antibodies. Together, the data support a model whereby protective antibodies block T3S injection while simultaneously opsonizing bacteria for phagocytic uptake. However, although macrophages limit bacterial replication, cells are unable to kill organisms and rely on neutrophils to clear the infection.Includes bibliographical reference

Host Defense and the Airway Epithelium: Frontline Responses That Protect against Bacterial Invasion and Pneumonia

Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense against invading microbes, and they protect themselves through the production of carbohydrate and protein matrices concentrated with antimicrobial products. In addition, they act as sentinels, expressing pattern recognition receptors that become activated upon sensing bacterial products and stimulate downstream recruitment and activation of immune cells which clear invading microbes. Bacterial pathogens that successfully colonize the lungs must resist these mechanisms or inhibit their production, penetrate the epithelial barrier, and be prepared to resist a barrage of inflammation. Despite the enormous task at hand, relatively few virulence factors coordinate the battle with the epithelium while simultaneously providing resistance to inflammatory cells and causing injury to the lung. Here we review mechanisms whereby airway epithelial cells recognize pathogens and activate a program of antibacterial pathways to prevent colonization of the lung, along with a few examples of how bacteria disrupt these responses to cause pneumonia

Effects of sublattice symmetry and frustration on ionic transport in garnet solid electrolytes

We use rigorous group-theoretic techniques and molecular dynamics to investigate the connection between structural symmetry and ionic conductivity in the garnet family of solid Li-ion electrolytes. We identify new ordered phases and order-disorder phase transitions that are relevant for conductivity optimization. Ionic transport in this materials family is controlled by the frustration of the Li sublattice caused by incommensurability with the host structure at non-integer Li concentrations, while ordered phases explain regions of sharply lower conductivity. Disorder is therefore predicted to be optimal for ionic transport in this and other conductor families with strong Li interaction.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, and supplementary informatio

Comparison of Lives Saved Tool model child mortality estimates against measured data from vector control studies in sub-Saharan Africa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) and indoor-residual spraying have been scaled-up across sub-Saharan Africa as part of international efforts to control malaria. These interventions have the potential to significantly impact child survival. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) was developed to provide national and regional estimates of cause-specific mortality based on the extent of intervention coverage scale-up. We compared the percent reduction in all-cause child mortality estimated by LiST against measured reductions in all-cause child mortality from studies assessing the impact of vector control interventions in Africa.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a literature search for appropriate studies and compared reductions in all-cause child mortality estimated by LiST to 4 studies that estimated changes in all-cause child mortality following the scale-up of vector control interventions. The following key parameters measured by each study were applied to available country projections: baseline all-cause child mortality rate, proportion of mortality due to malaria, and population coverage of vector control interventions at baseline and follow-up years.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The percent reduction in all-cause child mortality estimated by the LiST model fell within the confidence intervals around the measured mortality reductions for all 4 studies. Two of the LiST estimates overestimated the mortality reductions by 6.1 and 4.2 percentage points (33% and 35% relative to the measured estimates), while two underestimated the mortality reductions by 4.7 and 6.2 percentage points (22% and 25% relative to the measured estimates).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The LiST model did not systematically under- or overestimate the impact of ITNs on all-cause child mortality. These results show the LiST model to perform reasonably well at estimating the effect of vector control scale-up on child mortality when compared against measured data from studies across a range of malaria transmission settings. The LiST model appears to be a useful tool in estimating the potential mortality reduction achieved from scaling-up malaria control interventions.</p

One-dimensional semirelativity for electrons in carbon nanotubes

It is shown that the band structure of single-wall semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNT) is analogous to relativistic description of electrons in vacuum, with the maximum velocity $u$= $10^8$cm/s replacing the light velocity. One-dimensional semirelativistic kinematics and dynamics of electrons in CNT is formulated. Two-band k.p Hamiltonian is employed to demonstrate that electrons in CNT experience a Zitterbewegung (trembling motion) in absence of external fields. This Zitterbewegung should be observable much more easily in CNT than its analogue for free relativistic electrons in vacuum.Comment: 4 pages no figure