Farmers Adoption Scenarios for the Control of Cassava Mosaic Disease under the Cassava Enterprise Development Project in Enugu State, Nigeria

This study determined farmers’ adoption levels of the cassava varieties and value adding technologies introduced under the project. Data for the study were collected from 260 randomly selected respondents using interview schedule. Farmers’ adoption indices were used to summarize information on adoption levels, while exploratory factor analysis procedure using principal factor model with varimax rotation was used in grouping the major constraint factors to adoption. Results showed that farmers were still at the interest stage of the adoption of the cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistant varieties ( ̅=2.44), cassava processing innovations ( ̅=2.32), and improved marketing methods ( ̅=2.25). Farmers were at the evaluation stage in the adoption of agronomic practices ( ̅= 3.27) while, processors were at the evaluation stage in both processing and improved marketing innovations ( ̅= 3.43 and 3.12 respectively). However, they were at interest stage ( ̅= 2.84) in the adoption of the value adding technologies. Public and private extension agencies should therefore be encouraged to continue the extension service delivery of the CEDP innovations for greater proportion of cassava farmers to adopt the new varieties for sustainable production of cassava in the country.Keywords: Improved cassava variety, Cassava mosaic disease, Cassava enterprise development projec

Sources of Agricultural Information Used by Arable Crop Farmers in Isale Osun Farm Settlement, Osogbo Local Government Area of Osun State

The study ascertained the sources of agricultural information used by arable crop farmers in Isale Osun farm settlement, Osogbo local government area of Osun State. Data were collected from 80 respondents through the use of structured interview schedule and analyzed using percentages, mean scores and bivalent correlation analysis. The findings revealed that farmers received their agricultural information mostly through mediated and professional inter-personal channels/methods. The findings further showed that radio ( farmers ( x = 3.40) and fellow x = 3.40) were the most perceived appropriate channels for disseminating agricultural information as reported by the farmers. However, the result of the study showed that extension agents ( x = 3.37), radio ( and television ( x = 3.34) x = 3.16) were the most reliable channels for communicating agricultural information to farmers. The results of the bivalent correlation analysis showed positive significant relationships between educational attainment and  use of professional information sources; farmers’ age and use of various information sources as well as household size and use of professional mass media sources (P<0.05).However, level of illiteracy ( x = 3.97), unavailability of information sources ( x = 3.94), lack of access to information sources ( 3.93) and inappropriate scheduling of programmes ( x = x = 3.89) were the most serious problems associated with receiving information through the different communication sources. The study therefore recommended that government should assist farmers in the area by sponsoring adult education so that farmers can make best use of the different agricultural information sources effectively. It also points to the need for the provision of enabling environment for such facilities as the internet to thrive in rural area

Sources of Agricultural Information Used by Arable Crop Farmers in Isale Osun Farm Settlement, Osogbo Local Government Area of Osun State

The study ascertained the sources of agricultural information used by arable crop farmers in Isale Osun farm settlement, Osogbo local government area of Osun State. Data were collected from 80 respondents through the use of structured interview schedule and analyzed using percentages, mean scores and bivalent correlation analysis. The findings revealed that farmers received their agricultural information mostly through mediated and professional inter-personal channels/methods. The findings further showed that radio ( farmers ( x = 3.40) and fellow x = 3.40) were the most perceived appropriate channels for disseminating agricultural information as reported by the farmers. However, the result of the study showed that extension agents ( x = 3.37), radio ( and television ( x = 3.34) x = 3.16) were the most reliable channels for communicating agricultural information to farmers. The results of the bivalent correlation analysis showed positive significant relationships between educational attainment and  use of professional information sources; farmers’ age and use of various information sources as well as household size and use of professional mass media sources (P<0.05).However, level of illiteracy ( x = 3.97), unavailability of information sources ( x = 3.94), lack of access to information sources ( 3.93) and inappropriate scheduling of programmes ( x = x = 3.89) were the most serious problems associated with receiving information through the different communication sources. The study therefore recommended that government should assist farmers in the area by sponsoring adult education so that farmers can make best use of the different agricultural information sources effectively. It also points to the need for the provision of enabling environment for such facilities as the internet to thrive in rural area

Attitude and Knowledge of Print Media Journalists towards

Valid knowledge is important as it predisposes journalists to report with precision, yet journalists’ behaviours need to be influenced so as to increase awareness and dissemination of climate change news. The study investigated the attitude of print media journalists towards the coverage of climate change news in Nigeria. One hundred and fifty journalists who specialized in the area of science, environment and social sciences were randomly selected from ten national dailies namely: Daily Sun, Guardian, Daily Champion, ThisDay, The Nation, The Punch, Daily Times, Daily Independent, Business Day and Vanguard newspapers and interviewed. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean scores, and multiple regression. Majority of the journalists’ perceived the Internet (M= 2.67; S.D= 0.79) as being the most important source of climate information. Majority (73.1%) of the journalists lacked training in reporting climate change issues. Majority statistics of the journalists had favourable attitude towards reporting of climate change issues. Some personal characteristics, namely, sex, training in reporting climate change issues and years in service influenced journalists’ attitudes towards coverage of climate change news. The study recommended that training of agricultural communicators should receive appropriate attention in universities in order to ensure that personnel with adequate training in agriculture and communication are not in shortfall in media organizations

Attitude and Knowledge of Print Media Journalists towards

Valid knowledge is important as it predisposes journalists to report with precision, yet journalists’ behaviours need to be influenced so as to increase awareness and dissemination of climate change news. The study investigated the attitude of print media journalists towards the coverage of climate change news in Nigeria. One hundred and fifty journalists who specialized in the area of science, environment and social sciences were randomly selected from ten national dailies namely: Daily Sun, Guardian, Daily Champion, ThisDay, The Nation, The Punch, Daily Times, Daily Independent, Business Day and Vanguard newspapers and interviewed. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean scores, and multiple regression. Majority of the journalists’ perceived the Internet (M= 2.67; S.D= 0.79) as being the most important source of climate information. Majority (73.1%) of the journalists lacked training in reporting climate change issues. Majority statistics of the journalists had favourable attitude towards reporting of climate change issues. Some personal characteristics, namely, sex, training in reporting climate change issues and years in service influenced journalists’ attitudes towards coverage of climate change news. The study recommended that training of agricultural communicators should receive appropriate attention in universities in order to ensure that personnel with adequate training in agriculture and communication are not in shortfall in media organizations

Challenges of Participatory Approach to Watershed Management in Rural Communities of Enugu State

The study highlights the status of existing watersheds management in four rural communities of Enugu State. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches (Rapid Rural Appraisal, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and semi-structured interview schedules) were used in an interactive manner to collect data for this study from four rural communities in the state. The study revealed that many problems such as fuel wood exploitation, farming activities, animal grazing/hunting, and road/house construction, among others were factors threatening the sustainability of watersheds in Enugu State. The study also showed that many of the communities had rules and regulations guiding the use of watersheds but could not apply the principle of participatory management approach to ensure sustainability of the watersheds. However, the rules and regulations merely emphasized environmental sanitation of the watershed surroundings without ensuring the overall sustainability of the watersheds. The paper concludes with the need for public and private extension services to educate key actors in rural communities on the sustainability of using participatory watershed management approach

Challenges of Participatory Approach to Watershed Management in Rural Communities of Enugu State

The study highlights the status of existing watersheds management in four rural communities of Enugu State. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches (Rapid Rural Appraisal, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and semi-structured interview schedules) were used in an interactive manner to collect data for this study from four rural communities in the state. The study revealed that many problems such as fuel wood exploitation, farming activities, animal grazing/hunting, and road/house construction, among others were factors threatening the sustainability of watersheds in Enugu State. The study also showed that many of the communities had rules and regulations guiding the use of watersheds but could not apply the principle of participatory management approach to ensure sustainability of the watersheds. However, the rules and regulations merely emphasized environmental sanitation of the watershed surroundings without ensuring the overall sustainability of the watersheds. The paper concludes with the need for public and private extension services to educate key actors in rural communities on the sustainability of using participatory watershed management approach

Technical Efficiency of Small-Holder Cocoyam Farmers in Anambra State Nigeria: Implications for Agricultural Extension Policy

This study employed the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function to measure the level of technical efficiency in small-holder cocoyam production in Anambra state, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 120 cocoyam farmers in the state in 2005 and from them input-output data were obtained using the costroute approach. The parameters of the stochastic frontier production function were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The result of the analysis shows that individual farm level technical efficiency was about 95%. The study found education and farming experience to be positively and significantly related to technical efficiency at 1% while practice index, fertilizer use and membership of cooperative societies also had a direct relationship with technical efficiency and were significant at 5% level. Age and farm size had an indirect relationship with technical efficiency and was significant at 1% and 5% level respectively. There were no significant relationship between technical efficiency and knowledge index, credit access and family size. Expected increases in agriculture require increase in agricultural productivity. In other words, agricultural productivity very much depends on the efficiency of the production process. Hence, policies designed to educate people through proper agricultural extension services will have a great impact in increasing the level of efficiency and hence agricultural productivity of these farmers

Technical Efficiency of Small-Holder Cocoyam Farmers in Anambra State Nigeria: Implications for Agricultural Extension Policy

This study employed the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function to measure the level of technical efficiency in small-holder cocoyam production in Anambra state, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 120 cocoyam farmers in the state in 2005 and from them input-output data were obtained using the costroute approach. The parameters of the stochastic frontier production function were estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The result of the analysis shows that individual farm level technical efficiency was about 95%. The study found education and farming experience to be positively and significantly related to technical efficiency at 1% while practice index, fertilizer use and membership of cooperative societies also had a direct relationship with technical efficiency and were significant at 5% level. Age and farm size had an indirect relationship with technical efficiency and was significant at 1% and 5% level respectively. There were no significant relationship between technical efficiency and knowledge index, credit access and family size. Expected increases in agriculture require increase in agricultural productivity. In other words, agricultural productivity very much depends on the efficiency of the production process. Hence, policies designed to educate people through proper agricultural extension services will have a great impact in increasing the level of efficiency and hence agricultural productivity of these farmers