Towards improving resilience of cities: an optimisation approach to minimising vulnerability to disruption due to natural disasters under budgetary constraints

In recent years, climate change emerged as a dominant concern to many parts of the world bringing in huge economic losses disturbing normal business/life. In particular cities are suffering from floods affecting land based transportation systems in a significant manner more frequently than ever. Many local authorities facing funding cuts are suffering from limited budgets and they are put under even higher pressure when looking for resources to recover the damaged networks. The agencies involved with post-disaster reconstruction too struggle to prioritise the network links to recover. This paper addresses the problem of road maintenance/development with the aim of improving resilience of the network by formulating the problem as a mathematical model that minimises the vulnerability to disruption due to natural incidents under budgetary constraints. This paper extends the critical link analysis from a single link being disrupted to the case of multiple links, and for the first time proposes an objective function involving a measure of vulnerability to minimise. Metaheuristic Simulated Annealing method is used to reach near global optimal solution for a real-life network with large demand. A segment of the City of York in England has been used to illustrate the principles involved. Numerical experiments indicate that Simulated Annealing based optimisation method outperforms the ‘volume-priority’ heuristic approach, returning higher value for money spent. The proposed approach spreads the benefits across wider population by including more number of links in the priority list while reducing the vulnerability to disruption

To What Extent Does Land Use Catchment Lead to the Design of Junction along EDSA?

The coordination of transport and land use have proven to be difficult in the developing world. Three junctions along EDSA (Epifanio de Los Santos Avenue) were analysed and investigated upon how land use affects the behaviour of traffic on a theoretical basis of trip generation. Each junction was modelled on VISSIM, and this paper uses average speed, queue length and average delay as assessment indicators to conduct the comparison. The relationship between the land use pattern and traffic activity was evident in each case study with regard to the occupancy of land. Thus, stronger implementation of policies and better governance is required to alleviate the issues found and raised from each of the case studies and literature

PDB140 Quality of Care For Patients With Diabetes Mellitus (Dm) In Canada: Findings From A National Population-Based Survey

Núm. de Catàleg de Patrimoni: 2076Primer pla d'una operària netejant una troballa d'estris de metall, a les excavacions realitzades sota el pis de la Sala Capitular del Monestir de Santa Maria de Pedralbes des de finals de 2007 i fins a principis de 200

Models for quick evaluation of displaced right turn intersection performance

Alternative intersection designs can provide cost-effective solutions to overcome the proven inadequacy of conventional approaches. Several studies have assessed the performance of alternative designs against a range of traffic volumes and geometric design aspects, each in isolation, but a model which can factor in multiple variables into the analysis is the identified research gap. The displaced left-turn – DLT intersection design was found to be the most versatile, efficient, and transferable to locations elsewhere in the world. In this paper, a displaced right-turn intersection – a variant of DLT, was modelled for a range of traffic flows and design conditions. Regression models were developed for Practical Reserve Capacity and Delay as dependent variables with traffic flow, proportion of right-turning traffic, signal cycle time and length of displaced turn as explanatory variables. These models can provide relatively quick preliminary estimates of the performance indicators before committing to resource-consuming junction remodelling works

Improving the Accessibility to Leeds Bradford International Airport

The accessibility to the airport is essential for air travellers since the late arrival will take a consequence to the missing flight and losing amount of money of the travel cost. During peak period, the punctuality to arrive to Leeds Bradford International Airport (LBIA) tends to be more vulnerable due to delays and queues in particular junctions in the road network. To improve the accessibility during this period, several improvements in the road network have been carried out and simulated using SATURN (Simulation and Assignment of Traffic in Urban Road Networks). The result shows that the improvement in the network managed to reduce the generalised cost of travel hence it brings user benefits for the air travellers. Through this study it is found that the junction improvement has brought monetary benefits equal to 153.67 pounds from 261 trips to LBIA which occurred during morning peak period (08.00-09.00 AM

Independent Retailer Restocking Choices in Urban Goods Movement and Interaction Effects with Traditional Markets

Traditional markets play a key role in local supply chains in many countries, often influencing retailer decisions due to their inherent attractiveness. In contrast to restocking choices for retailers as part of large chains, choices of independent retailers driven by local traditional markets have not been widely researched and are not well understood. This paper analyses the factors influencing independent retailer restocking choices and investigates the interplay between the presence of traditional markets and retailer choices. Bandung city in Indonesia is chosen for the study where independent retailers are prevalent, and where a number of traditional markets are thriving. A retrospective questionnaire was used to capture independent retailer restocking behaviour and generation models were calibrated to arrive at the trip propensity. Discrete choice models were estimated to explain the retailer preferences for supplier location and transport service choice. Results indicate that trips generated by independent retailers are explained by the presence of traditional markets and retailers’ vehicle ownership, in addition to the standard variables such as number of persons employed, weekly goods demand and average shipment weight. As for restocking location choice, retailers are more likely to choose suppliers within a traditional market where the number of wholesaler units is larger. Furthermore, the choice of traditional markets has a positive influence on whether retailers choose to use their own vehicle to restock their shops