Counsel fees in Osage land suits.

Part 2 of 245-2Whole HouseCounsel Fees in Osage Land Suits. [1823] Sale of lands under the treaty of 21 Jan. 1867; land claims, in Kansas, of railroad companies.1878-6

Limitations of Visualization Technology and Virtual Instruction in Medical Education

Traditional medical education has recently seen major changes due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. New pedagogical methods, including augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), are on the rise as alternatives to traditional teaching methods. While AR enhances real world experiences by overlaying information, VR immerses users in a computerized world rather than enhancing reality. It is crucial to understand the limitations of these learning modalities and that at best these modalities should be used to supplement and not replace traditional medical education

Evaluation of the Effect of Empowerment Model on Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Control Trial Study

Background: Improvement and enhancement level of psychological aspects of patients is important in the control of chronic diseases, especially in diabetes. This study aimed to determine the influence of empowerment model on self-efficacy and self-esteem in patients with diabetes.Methods: This study was a clinical trial comprising 103 patients with diabetes, which were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Empowerment model was considered for the experimental group and routine education was considered for the control group. Applied research tools consisted of demographic data, standardized questionnaire of self-efficacy, and Coppersmith’s self- esteem questionnaire. Results: Before intervention,the two groups were not significantly different in the demographic variables, self-efficacy, and self-esteem scores. There was a significant difference between self-efficacy and self-esteem mean scores of patients, after intervention of the experimental group. Moreover, by using the paired t-test, before and after the intervention, the difference in mean scores of the experimental group was significant.Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, empowerment model has been effective on self-efficacy and self-esteem of diabetes patients. Therefore, empowerment based education planning for diabetic patients is recommended

Evaluation of the Effect of Empowerment Model on Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Control Trial Study

Background: Improvement and enhancement level of psychological aspects of patients is important in the control of chronic diseases, especially in diabetes. This study aimed to determine the influence of empowerment model on self-efficacy and self-esteem in patients with diabetes.Methods: This study was a clinical trial comprising 103 patients with diabetes, which were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Empowerment model was considered for the experimental group and routine education was considered for the control group. Applied research tools consisted of demographic data, standardized questionnaire of self-efficacy, and Coppersmith’s self- esteem questionnaire. Results: Before intervention,the two groups were not significantly different in the demographic variables, self-efficacy, and self-esteem scores. There was a significant difference between self-efficacy and self-esteem mean scores of patients, after intervention of the experimental group. Moreover, by using the paired t-test, before and after the intervention, the difference in mean scores of the experimental group was significant.Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, empowerment model has been effective on self-efficacy and self-esteem of diabetes patients. Therefore, empowerment based education planning for diabetic patients is recommended

GUAM: UKRAINE’S STRATEGIC PROJECT

The article deals with the Ukraine’s foreign policy strategy in terms of cooperation with the GUAM member countries (with Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Moldova). The author gives brief historic flashback to 1997, when GUAM had been founded, and explains the reasons why Ukraine pledged for cooperation with neighboring countries, which pursue the European and Euro-Atlantic integration as major foreign policy direction. The article also suggests main common grounds of the GUAM countries such as oil and gas transportation to Europe, „frozen” conflicts, and opposition to strong Russian influence

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Peer Based Intervention on Cardiac Self-efficacy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a 3-year Follow-up Results

Background: Self-efficacy is one's belief in ability to succeed in specific situations and considerable factor to maintaining healthy behaviors. It has an important role in person-centred care and significantly improves after effects of heart attacks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a peer based intervention on cardiac self-efficacy of the patients after bypass surgery.Methods: In this clinical trial study, 60 patients undergoing bypass surgery were chosen and assigned equally into the control and intervention groups. The patients were assigned into two groups by block randomization. While routine education was presented to the patients in the control group, intervention group were taught using the peer education in two sessions. Cardiac self-efficacy of all the selected patients was assessed orderly in 36-month (3 years) follow-up after surgery. Inclusion criteria used to choose the suitable patients were as the following: no record of CABG surgery, understanding and talking Persian language, willingness to participate in the research, age between 40 and 70 years, no dementia, confusion, mental and psychological problems which might hinder their participation. In addition, exclusion criteria in this study were patient’s death, serious physical problems after CABG surgery, emergency and unexpected surgeries, or cancellation the CABG surgery due to patient’s situation. Data was collected using cardiac self-efficacy scale and analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Results: The patients in both groups were homogenous in terms of demographic data. The mean score of cardiac self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly different from control group in 3- year follow-up after surgery (P<0.038).Conclusions: Based on this study, accomplishment of peer based intervention can be a beneficial educative-supportive approach in cardiac surgery fields.

Randomized Controlled Trial of a Peer Based Intervention on Cardiac Self-efficacy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a 3-year Follow-up Results

Background: Self-efficacy is one's belief in ability to succeed in specific situations and considerable factor to maintaining healthy behaviors. It has an important role in person-centred care and significantly improves after effects of heart attacks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a peer based intervention on cardiac self-efficacy of the patients after bypass surgery.Methods: In this clinical trial study, 60 patients undergoing bypass surgery were chosen and assigned equally into the control and intervention groups. The patients were assigned into two groups by block randomization. While routine education was presented to the patients in the control group, intervention group were taught using the peer education in two sessions. Cardiac self-efficacy of all the selected patients was assessed orderly in 36-month (3 years) follow-up after surgery. Inclusion criteria used to choose the suitable patients were as the following: no record of CABG surgery, understanding and talking Persian language, willingness to participate in the research, age between 40 and 70 years, no dementia, confusion, mental and psychological problems which might hinder their participation. In addition, exclusion criteria in this study were patient’s death, serious physical problems after CABG surgery, emergency and unexpected surgeries, or cancellation the CABG surgery due to patient’s situation. Data was collected using cardiac self-efficacy scale and analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Results: The patients in both groups were homogenous in terms of demographic data. The mean score of cardiac self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly different from control group in 3- year follow-up after surgery (P<0.038).Conclusions: Based on this study, accomplishment of peer based intervention can be a beneficial educative-supportive approach in cardiac surgery fields.

Critical analysis of Vataja Gulma

Gulma is the chronic disease of Annavaha Srotas where in Vata Dosha vitiation is typically observed. It is a Vata Pradhana Vyadhi mentioned separately in Charaka Samhita, Sushrutha Samhita, Astanga Hrudaya, Astanga Sangraha and in Madhava Nidana. Because of its shape like that of Gulma (Shrub or Bush) disease is named as Gulma. It is a Sparshopalabhya (palpable mass), Paripinditatwath (hard and round in shape). Nidana (etiological factors), Poorvaroopa (premorbid symptoms), Roopa (signs and symptoms), Upashaya Anupashaya (aggravating and relieving factors), Samprapti (Pathogenesis), Samprapti Ghataka, Upadrava, Arista Lakshanas of Vataja Gulma is discussed in detail in this article with its above possible contemporary correlation