A Corrugated SIW Based Slot Antenna for Terahertz Application

This paper proposes a Corrugated Substrate Integrated Waveguide (CSIW) based slot antenna for THz application. A CPW to CSIW transition is realized and the antenna operates around 0.9 THz. The antenna uses Cyclo Olefin Copolymer (COC) as a dielectric material which exhibit a loss tangent of 0.0007 at THz frequencies. The proposed slot antenna has realized gain of 5.9 dB when using Gold. The radiation, as well as total efficiency of the antenna, is around 50% using Gold which increases to 85% with a gain of 7.6 dB by replacing it with Graphene

Geology, Petrographical Features and Ore Mineralization of Volcanic Hosted Iron Ore Deposit in the Mashki Chah Area Chagai District, Balochistan, Pakistan

The Mashki Chah iron ore deposits are located in the western Chagai magmatic belt and hosted withinandesitic rock units in the Late Cretaceous Sinjrani Volcanic Group. Geometry, morphology, and structure of iron orehave massive, thin to thick-bedded and veins type of iron. The major ore type including magnetite as primarymineralization of iron ore and hematite, siderite, goethite, and limonite are secondary mineralization of iron ore.Petrographically, the iron ore is hosted within the basic to the intermediate type of units (Basaltic Andesite, Andesite,and Dacite) within the Late Cretaceous Sinjrani Volcanic Group. Major constituents of basaltic andesitic units arecomposed of clinopyroxene and amphibole with minor constituents of quartz. Andesitic units consist of plagioclase,hornblende, k-feldspar, quartz and biotite. The dacitic unit is comprised of quartz, albite, k-feldspar, biotite, andmuscovite. SEM-EDX and BSE analysis of ore mineralization of iron ore to identify the mineral crystal structure,texture, and elemental composition of iron ore. BSE images indicate the crystal morphology of magnetite and hematitehave well-developed cubic and octahedron crystal shapes with a coarse grain texture. Elemental composition isidentified by the EDX graph that is indicated the high peaks of Fe and O elements associated with the high peak rockforming minerals elements Si and O with sub-peaks of Al, Na, K, and Ca and as well as have sub-peaks of ore-formingmineral elements are include a Cu, Ag, Ti, and Sn. The total iron reserve in the deposit area is approximately about 45to 50 million tons and an average percentage of magnetite is 86.16% and hematite is about 69.40 %. These ore deposithas significant value for economic purpose and as well as economically the Mashki Chah iron ore deposit is viable foriron ore mining

Dosimetric dependence on the collimator angle in prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the dose-volume variations of planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs) in prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) when varying collimator angle. The collimator angle has the largest impact and is worth considering, so, its awareness is essential for a planner to produce an optimal prostate VMAT plan in a reasonable time frame. Methods: Single-arc VMAT plans at different collimator angles (0o, 15o, 30o, 45o, 60o, 75o and 90o) were created systematically using a Harold heterogeneous pelvis phantom. The conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), machine monitor units (MUs), dose-volume histogram and mean and maximum dose of the PTV were calculated and analyzed. On the other hand, the dose-volume histogram and mean and maximum doses of the OARs such as the bladder, rectum and femoral heads for different collimator angles were determined from the plans.Results: There was no significant difference, based on the planned dose-volume evaluation criteria, found in the VMAT optimizations for all studied collimator angles. A higher CI (0.53) and lower HI (0.064) were found in the 45o collimator angle. In addition, the 15o collimator angle provided a lower value of HI similar to the 45o collimator angle. Collimator angles of 75o and 90o were found to be good for rectum sparing, and collimator angles of 75o and 30o were found to be good for sparing of right and left femur, respectively. The PTV dose coverage for each plan was comparatively independent of the collimator angle. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the dosimetric results provide support and guidance to allow the clinical radiation physicists to make careful decisions in implementing suitable collimator angles to improve the PTV coverage and OARs sparing in prostate VMAT

Dosimetric dependence on the collimator angle in prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the dose-volume variations of planning target volume (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OARs) in prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) when varying collimator angle. The collimator angle has the largest impact and is worth considering, so, its awareness is essential for a planner to produce an optimal prostate VMAT plan in a reasonable time frame. Methods: Single-arc VMAT plans at different collimator angles (0o, 15o, 30o, 45o, 60o, 75o and 90o) were created systematically using a Harold heterogeneous pelvis phantom. The conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), gradient index (GI), machine monitor units (MUs), dose-volume histogram and mean and maximum dose of the PTV were calculated and analyzed. On the other hand, the dose-volume histogram and mean and maximum doses of the OARs such as the bladder, rectum and femoral heads for different collimator angles were determined from the plans.Results: There was no significant difference, based on the planned dose-volume evaluation criteria, found in the VMAT optimizations for all studied collimator angles. A higher CI (0.53) and lower HI (0.064) were found in the 45o collimator angle. In addition, the 15o collimator angle provided a lower value of HI similar to the 45o collimator angle. Collimator angles of 75o and 90o were found to be good for rectum sparing, and collimator angles of 75o and 30o were found to be good for sparing of right and left femur, respectively. The PTV dose coverage for each plan was comparatively independent of the collimator angle. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the dosimetric results provide support and guidance to allow the clinical radiation physicists to make careful decisions in implementing suitable collimator angles to improve the PTV coverage and OARs sparing in prostate VMAT.</p

On the Reduction of Uplink Electromagnetic Field Exposure Using Reflecting Intelligent Surfaces: An Experimental Validation

The dataset represents the measured values of power captured during uplink transmission by an E-field probe near a head phantom model to evaluate Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in the presence of a Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS). A combination of different configurations (effective unit cells which are switched on) of RIS. The head phantom was marked with 120 different positions. For each RIS configuration, 120 measurements were recorded to measure sensed power at a head phantom model using an E-field probe

A wideband frequency beam-scanning antenna array for millimeter-wave industrial wireless sensing applications

The 57–71 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band holds significant potential for enhancing the performance of next-generation industrial wireless applications. This paper first presents the design and analysis of a compact and high-performance 8-element series-fed frequency beam-scanning array designed to cover the entire 21.87% fractional bandwidth of the 57–71 GHz ISM band. Using this as a subarray, a hybrid parallel-series feed topology is designed to construct a 64-element (8 × 8) planar array with high-gain directional beams. The planar array provides a peak measured gain of 20.12 dBi at 64 GHz and maintains a flat gain of over 19.23 dBi throughout the band, with a 1 dB gain bandwidth of 13 GHz. Its narrow directional beams provide an average half-power beamwidth of 9.7° and 11.78° in the elevation and azimuth planes, facilitating point-to-point mmWave connectivity and high-resolution beam scanning. The inherent phase variation of the series-fed topology is employed to produce a beamscanning range of 40° within the 57–71 GHz band, with a scan loss of less than 1 dB. The proposed array is a low-cost, and reproducible solution for seamless integration with V-band mmWave equipment, as elucidated through practical demonstration frameworks using mmWave power sensor and EK1HMC6350 evaluation board. The proposed array is well-suited for emerging industrial wireless sensing and imaging applications, and mmWave frequency scanning radars. Its versatility extends to various 60 GHz protocols such as IEEE 802.11ay, IEEE 802.11ad, IEEE 802.15.3c/d, WirelessHD, and other customized industrial protocols such as WirelessHP

A miniaturized series fed tri-slot coplanar Vivaldi antenna for RADAR application with reduced ground plane effect

In this article, a printed series fed tri-slot coplanar Vivaldi antenna is studied and investigated for RADAR application. The antenna consists of three exponentially tapered slots excited by a single microstrip line. The three slots are series fed simultaneously with a radial stub on the microstrip feed line for impedance matching. The proposed antenna covers a frequency of 7.8-11.8 GHz at -10 dB impedance bandwidth. The antenna gain varies from 7.5 dB at the lowest operating frequency and increases to around 9.5 dB at the center frequency of 10 GHz. A key versatility of the proposed design is the ability to modify the ground plane size without affecting the antenna impedance and gain. This makes the antenna suitable to incorporate RADAR transceiver components without modifying the existing antenna design. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured results show good agreement with simulated results

Time and Dose Dependent Antipyretic Investigations of Ethanolic Leaves and Fruits Extracts of Prosopis cineraria L. (Druce)

The aim of this Study was to establish a comparative investigation of Antipyretic activity of ethanolic extract of leaves and fruits of the Prosopis cineraria and phytochemical evaluation of ethanolic extracts of these parts. Crude ethanolic plant extracts of leaves and fruits of Prosopis cineraria at a dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg of body weight were used to evaluate the antipyretic activity. These extracts were evaluated by inducing brewer’s-yeast induced pyrexia in albino rats. Results were presented as Mean ± SEM by using SPSS 12.0. Leaves and fruit extracts of Prosopis cineraria decreases hyperpyrexia to a significant level when these results were compared to standard control. The leaves extract shows significant effects in lowering the rectal temperature of rats than fruits extract at 200mg/kg while at dose of 300 mg/kg both leaves and fruit extract reduce pyrexia significantly. The phytochemical evaluation shows that both parts of plant contain saponins, tannins, pholobatannins, flavanoids, alkaloids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. Results indicate that ethanolic leaves and fruit extract of Prosopis cineraria possess significant antipyretic activity at different doses which establishes scientific basis for its traditional uses i.e. in rheumatism. Keywords: Prosopis cineraria, Pyrexia, Paracetamol, brewer’s-yeast, albino rat

A survey on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: wireless communication perspective

Using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) to improve the coverage and the data rate of future wireless networks is a viable option. These surfaces are constituted of a significant number of passive and nearly passive components that interact with incident signals in a smart way, such as by reflecting them, to increase the wireless system's performance as a result of which the notion of a smart radio environment comes to fruition. In this survey, a study review of RIS-assisted wireless communication is supplied starting with the principles of RIS which include the hardware architecture, the control mechanisms, and the discussions of previously held views about the channel model and pathloss; then the performance analysis considering different performance parameters, analytical approaches and metrics are presented to describe the RIS-assisted wireless network performance improvements. Despite its enormous promise, RIS confronts new hurdles in integrating into wireless networks efficiently due to its passive nature. Consequently, the channel estimation for, both full and nearly passive RIS and the RIS deployments are compared under various wireless communication models and for single and multi-users. Lastly, the challenges and potential future study areas for the RIS aided wireless communication systems are proposed