49 research outputs found

    Study on applicability of stereophotogrammetry to rock joint survey

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    μž…μ²΄μ‚¬μ§„μΈ‘λŸ‰κΈ°λ²•μ΄λž€ λŒ€μƒλ©΄μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 두 μž₯ μ΄μƒμ˜ μŠ€ν…Œλ ˆμ˜€ μ˜μƒμ„ μ·¨λ“ν•˜κ³  이 μ˜μƒμ„ ν•΄μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λŒ€μƒλ©΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•˜λŠ” 방법이닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 기쑴의 μˆ˜μž‘μ—…μ— μ˜ν•œ μ•”λ°˜μ ˆλ¦¬μ‘°μ‚¬ 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œμ„œ, μž…μ²΄μ‚¬μ§„μΈ‘λŸ‰κΈ°λ²•μ„ μ•”λ°˜μ ˆλ¦¬μ‘°μ‚¬μ— μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 절리 정보λ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•˜μ˜€κ³  κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 비ꡐ, λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ•”λ°˜μ ˆλ¦¬μ‘°μ‚¬μ—μ˜ μ μš©μ„±μ„ ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 검증은 μ‹€λ‚΄ λͺ¨ν˜• μ‹œν—˜μ„ ν†΅ν•œ 검증과 μ‹€μ œ μ•”λ°˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 검증을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ν˜„μž₯ μ μš©μ‹œ 기선거리비가 해석 결과에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 촬영 및 뢄석을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 해석 자료의 정확도λ₯Ό ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 절리 λŒ€μƒλ©΄μ„ λΆ„ν•  ν™•λŒ€ μ΄¬μ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ShapeMetriX 3D ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ μ‹€λ‚΄ λͺ¨ν˜• μ‹œν—˜ κ²°κ³Ό, 3차원 곡간 μ’Œν‘œμ˜ μ‹€μΈ‘μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 결과와 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ 경사각 및 경사방ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ λͺ¨λ‘ Β±5Β° μ΄λ‚΄μ˜ 편차λ₯Ό λ³΄μž„μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ˜μƒ μ·¨λ“μ‹œ 폐색 ꡬ간이 λ°œμƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ μ΄¬μ˜ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 기선거리비가 해석 결과에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯이 크지 μ•ŠμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λΆ„ν•  ν™•λŒ€ μ΄¬μ˜μ„ ν†΅ν•œ 취득 자료의 뢄석은 효율적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λœλ‹€.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 건섀ꡐ톡뢀가 μΆœμ—°ν•˜κ³  ν•œκ΅­κ±΄μ„€κ΅ν†΅κΈ°μˆ  ν‰κ°€μ›μ—μ„œ μœ„νƒ μ‹œν–‰ν•œ 2006년도 κ±΄μ„€ν•΅μ‹¬κΈ°μˆ μ—°κ΅¬κ°œ λ°œμ‚¬μ—…(04ν•΅μ‹¬κΈ°μˆ C01)의 μ§€μ›μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°, 이 에 κ°μ‚¬λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€

    Preferential Gaps of European Integration Between French Voters and Their Parties

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    λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μœ λŸ½μ •μΉ˜μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€κ³Ό 일반유ꢌ자 κ°„μ˜ μœ λŸ½ν†΅ν•©μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ„ ν˜Έμ˜ 차별성을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ , κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μ°¨λ³„μ„±μ˜ 원인을 규λͺ…ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 특히 ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 유ꢌ자λ₯Ό μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ  μš”μΈμ΄ 유ꢌ자 개인과 ν•΄λ‹Ή μœ κΆŒμžκ°€ 정당일체감을 μ§€λ‹Œμ •λ‹Ή κ°„ μ„ ν˜Έκ²©μ°¨μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯λ ₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 2014λ…„ 유럽의회 선거이후 μœ λŸ½μ„ κ±°μ—°κ΅¬κ°€ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œ 섀문쑰사 자료λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œλ‹€. λΆ„μ„κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μœ λŸ½ν†΅ν•©μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ„ ν˜Έ 강도가 κ°•ν•œ 유ꢌ자일수둝 μ§€μ§€μ •λ‹Ήκ³Όμ˜ μ„ ν˜Έκ²©μ°¨κ°€ μ λ‹€λŠ” 점을 보여쀀닀. 반면, μœ κΆŒμžλ“€μ˜ μ •λ‹ΉμΌμ²΄κ°μ˜ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” μœ λŸ½ν†΅ν•© μ΄μŠˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μœ κΆŒμžμ™€ 지지정당 κ°„ μ„ ν˜Έκ²©μ°¨λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμš” μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ μž‘μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μœ λŸ½ν†΅ν•© κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ •μΉ˜μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ™€ 유ꢌ자 κ°„ μ„ ν˜Έμ˜ κ°ˆλ“±μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬νšŒλ‹Ήμ—°ν•©κ³Ό 같은 μ£Όμš”μ •λ‹Ήλ“€μ΄ κ΅­λ―Όμ „μ„  λ“± μ΄λ…μ μœΌλ‘œ 급진적인 정당에 μ˜ν•΄ μ£Όλ„λ˜λŠ” μœ λŸ½ν†΅ν•© μ΄μŠˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ •μΉ˜μ  μ„ ν˜Έ ν˜•μ„±κ³Όμ •μ— 적극적으둜 μ°Έμ—¬ν•  ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ μ œκΈ°ν•œλ‹€. This article analyzes the impact of political factors including party identification and intensity of voters' preferences on the preferential gaps of European Integration between voters and their parties. In particular, it focuses on the French case by which preferences of European Integration among six political parties and their supporters are examined. The analysis of the 2014 survey data, collected by the European Election Studies, finds that the stronger preference on European Integration a voter has, the weaker the preferential gap between the voter and the party with which she identifies herself. Meanwhile, the party identification among voters does not have a significant effect on the preferential gap. The results imply that in order to reduce the level of conflicts between voters and political elites over the issue of European Integration, major parties including the Socialist Party are required to participate actively on the process of developing voters' preferences on European Integration.N

    Surface-modified graphene nanosheets for anticancer drug delivery

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ μœ΅ν•©κ³Όν•™κΈ°μˆ λŒ€ν•™μ› : λΆ„μžμ˜ν•™ 및 λ°”μ΄μ˜€μ œμ•½ν•™κ³Ό, 2015. 8. μ΄λ™μˆ˜.Here, we report reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets coated with an anti-angiogenic anticancer taurocholate derivative of low-molecular-weight heparin (LHT7) as a tumor-targeting nanodelivery platform for anticancer drugs. Surface coating of LHT7 onto rGO was confirmed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled LHT7, monitored as fluorescence quenching due to associated rGO. Unlike plain rGO, LHT7-coated rGO (LHT-rGO) nanosheets maintained a stable dispersion under physiological conditions for at least 24 h. Moreover, LHT-rGO provided greater loading capacity for doxorubicin (Dox) compared with uncoated rGO nanosheets. Following intravenous administration into KB tumor-bearing mice, in vivo tumor accumulation of LHT-rGO/Dox was 7-fold higher than that of rGO/Dox 24 h post dosing. Intravenously administered LHT-rGO/Dox showed the greatest anti-tumor effect in KB-bearing mice, reducing tumor volume by 92.5% Β± 3.1% compared to the untreated group 25 days after tumor inoculation. TUNEL assays revealed that the population of apoptotic cells was highest in the group treated with LHT-rGO/Dox. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LHT-rGO nanosheets confer improved dispersion stability, tumor distribution and in vivo antitumor effects, and may be further developed as a potential active nanoplatform of various anticancer drugs.1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods 2. 1. Synthesis of LHT7 and F-LHT7 2. 2. Preparation of rGO nanosheets 2. 3. Preparation and characterization of LHT-rGO nanosheets 2. 4. Stability test of LHT-rGO nanosheets 2. 5. Preparation of Dox-loaded nanosheets 2. 6. Cellular uptake test of Dox delivered by LHT-rGO nanosheets 2. 7. In vitro antitumor efficacy study of Dox-loaded nanosheets 2. 8. In vivo molecular imaging 2. 9. In vivo antitumor activity test 2. 10. Statistics 3. Results 3. 1. Characterization of LHT-rGO nanosheets 3. 2. Dispersion stability of LHT-rGO nanosheets 3. 3. Loading of Dox onto LHT-rGO nanosheets 3. 4. Cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy of Dox delivered on LHT-rGO nanosheets 3. 5. In vivo tumor tissue distribution of LHT-rGO/Dox 3. 6. In vivo antitumor effects of LHT-rGO/Dox 4. Discussion 5. Conclusion References ꡭ문초둝Maste

    TEM observation of twin evolution in austenitic TWIP steel

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μž¬λ£Œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€,2010.2.Maste

    합리적 개인 가정에 λ”°λ₯Έ 집합행동 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ •μΉ˜ν•™κ³Ό,2001.Maste

    3차원 블둝 λΆ„ν•  μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬λ“¬μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 기법 개발

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€, 2014. 8. μ†‘μž¬μ€€.λ°œνŒŒμ—μ„œ νŒŒμ‡„μ•”μ˜ μž…λ„ 뢄석은 발파 μ„€κ³„μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„±κ³Ό 발파 생산성을 ν‰κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 기초 μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄λ‹€. ν† μ§ˆκ³΅ν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλŠ” 체거름 μ‹œν—˜μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ ν† μ‚¬μ˜ μž…λ„λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, μ•”λ°˜κ³΅ν•™ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλŠ” μ•”μ„μ˜ 크기둜 인해 일반적으둜 컴퓨터 μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 수치적인 뢄석이 μ£Όλ₯Ό 이루고 μžˆλ‹€. Split Desktop, WipFrag, FragScan 등은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ•”μ„μ˜ μž…λ„ 뢄포 뢄석에 μ΄μš©λ˜λŠ” λŒ€ν‘œμ  μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ‘œ, 2차원 μ˜μƒμ²˜λ¦¬κΈ°λ²•μ— κΈ°μ΄ˆν•œ νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 μ „λ¬Έ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 2차원 μ˜μƒμ²˜λ¦¬κΈ°λ²•μ—μ„œλŠ” μ˜μƒ λ‚΄ λŒ€μƒμ˜ 경계 및 면적 정보 λ“± 2차원 μ •λ³΄λ§Œμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ, 3차원 μ’Œν‘œ 정보λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 2차원 기법을 μ΄μš©ν•œ νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석에 κ΄€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 컨베이어 λ²¨νŠΈλ‚˜ 버킷 λ“±μ˜ μœ„μ— ν‰λ©΄μ μœΌλ‘œ 배치된 νŒŒμ‡„μ•”λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 해석이 μ£Όλ₯Ό 이루고 μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ‹€μ œ 발파 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ νŒŒμ‡„μ•”μ€ 더미 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λ―€λ‘œ, 발파 직후 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 암석 λ”λ―Έμ˜ νŒŒμ‡„λ„λ₯Ό 뢄석할 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 발파 생산성을 λ†’μ΄λŠ”λ° 큰 도움을 쀄 수 μžˆλ‹€. μž…μ²΄μ‚¬μ§„μΈ‘λŸ‰μ€ μŠ€ν…Œλ ˆμ˜€ μ˜μƒμ„ μ·¨λ“ν•œ ν›„ λŒ€μƒμ˜ 3차원 곡간 정보λ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•˜λŠ” 기법이닀. 이 기법을 톡해 μ—¬λŸ¬ λ°©ν–₯μ—μ„œ 얻은 μ˜μƒμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€μƒμ˜ 3차원 ν˜•μƒ 정보λ₯Ό 볡원할 수 있으며, 2차원 μ˜μƒμ²˜λ¦¬κΈ°λ²•κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ 보닀 λ§Žμ€ 정보λ₯Ό μ •ν™•νžˆ μΆ”μΆœν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μž…μ²΄μ‚¬μ§„μΈ‘λŸ‰κΈ°λ²•μ„ μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ•”μ„μ˜ 크기λ₯Ό 3μ°¨μ›μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μš°μ„ , μž…μ²΄μ‚¬μ§„μΈ‘λŸ‰κΈ°λ²•μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ ν‰λ©΄λ°°μΉ˜ νŒŒμ‡„μ•”μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μž…λ„ 뢄포λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 수쑰λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ μΈ‘μ • 및 2차원 μ˜μƒμ²˜λ¦¬κΈ°λ²•μ˜ 결과와 λΉ„κ΅ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κ·Έ μ μš©μ„±μ„ ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ”λ―Έλ°°μΉ˜μ—μ„œλŠ” 더미 μ „μ²΄μ˜ 정보λ₯Ό 확인할 수 μ—†μœΌλ―€λ‘œ 더미 μ™ΈμΈ‘ λΈ”λ‘λ“€μ˜ 크기λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 전체 더미 μ•”μ„μ˜ νŒŒμ‡„λ„λ₯Ό μΆ”μ •ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, ν˜„μž₯ νŒŒμ‡„ 더미에 λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석을 톡해 더미 μ™ΈμΈ‘ 블둝 정보λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 톡계 μΆ”μ • 기술의 μ μš©μ„±μ„ ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 블둝 λΆ„ν•  μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬λ“¬μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μš°μ„  μž…μ²΄μ‚¬μ§„μΈ‘λŸ‰κΈ°λ²•μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ νŒŒμ‡„ 더미에 λŒ€ν•œ 3차원 점ꡰ(point cloud) 자료λ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. 이후 암석 자료의 ν˜•μƒ νŠΉμ„±μ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ 곡톡점이라고 μƒκ°λ˜λŠ” μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ νŒŒμ•…ν•œ ν›„ 이λ₯Ό 기초둜 블둝을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜λŠ” μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬λ“¬μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이 μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬λ“¬κ³Ό 상기 톡계적 μΆ”μ • κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν†΅ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ νŒŒμ‡„ λ”λ―Έμ˜ μž…λ„ 뢄포 뢄석 과정을 μžλ™ν™”ν•˜λŠ” κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°œλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.λͺ© μ°¨ 초둝 i List of Figures vi List of Tables x 1. μ„œλ‘  1 1.1 연ꡬ λ°°κ²½ 및 동ν–₯ 1 1.2 연ꡬ λ²”μœ„ 및 λ‚΄μš© 6 2. 기초 이둠 8 2.1 νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 방법 8 2.2 μž…μ²΄ μ˜μƒ 정합을 μ΄μš©ν•œ 3차원 정보 볡원 이둠 10 2.2.1 곡앑 κΈ°ν•˜ 10 2.2.2 μ˜μƒ μ •ν•© 기법 17 2.2.3 블둝 맀칭 18 2.2.4 μ‹œμ°¨ 지도λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 3차원 곡간 μž¬ν˜„ 21 2.3 νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석을 μœ„ν•œ μ˜μƒ λΆ„ν•  이둠 23 2.4 νŒ¨ν„΄ 인식을 μ΄μš©ν•œ 자료 λΆ„λ₯˜ 27 3. 2차원 μ˜μƒμ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 29 3.1 μ˜μƒ νšλ“ μž₯λΉ„ 29 3.2 2차원 νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 방법 30 3.3 ν‰λ©΄λ°°μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 32 3.4 λ”λ―Έλ°°μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 36 3.5 κ²°κ³Ό 뢄석 40 4. 3차원 블둝 λΆ„ν•  μžλ™ν™” 기법을 μ΄μš©ν•œ νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 기법 개발 45 4.1 μž…μ²΄μ‚¬μ§„μΈ‘λŸ‰κΈ°λ²•μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ 3차원 νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 45 4.1.1 3차원 정보 볡원 45 4.1.2 ν‰λ©΄λ°°μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 3차원 νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 46 4.1.3 톡계적 νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 κ³Όμ • 50 4.1.4 μž…λ ₯ 자료 κ°œμ„  52 4.1.5 λ”λ―Έλ°°μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 톡계적 νŒŒμ‡„λ„ 뢄석 56 4.1.6 κ²°κ³Ό 뢄석 및 κ³ μ°° 76 4.2 블둝 λΆ„ν•  μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬λ“¬ ꡬ성 79 4.2.1 μ „μ²˜λ¦¬ 81 4.2.2 블둝 μ°ΎκΈ° 87 4.2.3 μ‚¬μš©μž μž…λ ₯을 ν†΅ν•œ 블둝 μ°ΎκΈ° 96 4.2.4 블둝 정보 뢄석 101 4.3 개발 κΈ°λ²•μ˜ 톡합 103 5. 개발 κΈ°λ²•μ˜ μ μš©μ„± 평가 105 5.1 ν‰λ©΄λ°°μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 적용 105 5.2 λ”λ―Έλ°°μΉ˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 적용 112 5.3 평가 κ²°κ³Ό κ³ μ°° 123 6. κ²°λ‘  127 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 130 Abstract 139Docto

    The Influence of the Candidate Selection Law with Gender Quotas on the Social Acceptability of the Female Politicians

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    λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 2000λ…„ 이후 μ—¬μ„±ν• λ‹Ή ν›„λ³΄κ³΅μ²œμ œ 개혁의 효과λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. 특히, μ œλ„κ°œν˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ ν›„λ³΄κ³΅μ²œκ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 각 μ •λ‹Ήμ˜ 여성후보에 λŒ€ν•œ μˆ˜μš©μ„±κ³Ό μ—¬μ„±μ˜μ›μ˜ μ˜μ •ν™œλ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ 유ꢌ자의 μˆ˜μš©μ„±μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 효과λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²€μ¦ν•œλ‹€. μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 두 가지 ν₯미둜운 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 첫째, μ—¬μ„±ν• λ‹Ή ν›„λ³΄κ³΅μ²œμ œλ„μ˜ κ°œν˜μ€ ν•œκ΅­ μ‚¬νšŒ λ‚΄ 각 정당이 여성후보 곡천의 수 및 지역적 뢄포λ₯Ό ν™•λŒ€ν•˜λŠ”λ° μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 λ―Έμ³€λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ, μ—¬μ„±ν• λ‹Ή ν›„λ³΄κ³΅μ²œμ œλ„μ˜ κ°œν˜μ€ μ—¬μ„±μ˜μ›μ˜ μ˜μ •ν™œλ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ 유ꢌ자의 긍정적인 ν‰κ°€μ—λŠ” μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 μ§€λ‹ˆμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€. μ—¬μ„±ν• λ‹Ή ν›„λ³΄κ³΅μ²œ μ œλ„μ˜ λ°œμ „μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μœ κΆŒμžλ“€μ€ λ‚¨μ„±μ˜μ›μ— λΉ„ν•΄ μ—¬μ„±μ˜μ›μ˜ μ˜μ •ν™œλ™μ„ λ”μš± κΈμ •μ μœΌλ‘œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μ—¬μ„±ν• λ‹Ή ν›„λ³΄κ³΅μ²œμ œλ„μ˜ κ°œν˜μ€ μ—¬μ„±μ •μΉ˜μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ 유ꢌ자 μ˜μ‹ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ°˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 λ°œμ „ν•΄κ°ˆ ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ μ œκΈ°ν•œλ‹€.This article analyzes the influence of the candidate selection law with gender quotas reformed after 2000. In particular, it empirically tests the effect of the institutional reform on parties acceptability of female candidates and pubic acceptability of female representatives. Results show two interesting points. First, the institutional reform on the gender quotas has significantly influenced on the increase in the number of female candidate and the enlargement of the regions in which female candidates are nominated. Second, the pubic acceptability of female representatives has not been improved by the reform. The legislative performance of female representatives is not much more positively assessed than that of male representatives by public. These outcomes imply that any institutional reform on gender quotas in the future might build the measures to develop the positive acceptability of female politicians by pubic

    μ‚° 무수물과 아세톀에 λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆμ†Œμ— μΉ˜ν™˜κΈ°κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 이민의 μΉœν•΅μ„±μ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    DoctorN-substituted imines have been recognized as pivotal intermediates in organic synthesis, particularly for the preparation of nitrogencontaining bioactive natural products and derivatives. Unlike N-substituted imines, however, the synthetic scope of N-unsubstituted imines is still very limited. N-unsubstituted imines are known to be much less stable than the N-substituted analogues. Recently, our group developed a novel ruthenium catalyst system which enabled generation of various N-unsubstituted imines under mild reaction conditions from alkyl azides. In this thesis, I investigated about important organic transformations using N-unsubstituted imines as key intermediates. In chapter 1, highly efficient and practical synthesis of N-acyl enamides from alkyl azides and acid anhydrides has been described. Because of the electronegativity of nitrogen atom of imines, research subjects have been focused primarily on the nucleophillic addition to C=N bonds. In contrast, there are few reports on the use of imines as N-nucleophiles. In this chapter, the nucleophilicity of N-unsubstituted imines, which were generated from alkyl azides by a ruthenium catalyzed reaction, was investigated in the reaction with acid anhydrides. The initial products were N-acyl imines, which isomerized to the corresponding enamides. Heating or triethylamine facilitated the isomerization of N-acyl imines stable at room temperature. A wide range of acyclic and cyclic enamides containing various functional groups were successfully synthesized under mild conditions. In addition to acetic anhydride, various acid anhydrides were applicable. From the reaction with cyclic anhydrides, enamides containing carboxylic acid group were obtained. In chapter 2, synthesis of 4-piperidone from alkyl azides and acetone via tandem-Mannich reaction has been described. Mannich reaction is one of the most important named reactions for the construction of Ξ²-amino carbonyl compounds. During investigation on Mannich reaction of N-unsubstituted imines, I found the formation of 4-piperidones from alkyl azides and acetone. Two equivalents of acetone were annulated with N-unsubstituted imines in-situ generated from alkyl azides using a ruthenium catalyst in the presence of L-proline. This method extended the scope of accessible piperidones, including those having carbonyl groups which are not compatible with the synthetic conditions using ammonia.μ§ˆμ†Œμ— μΉ˜ν™˜κΈ°λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” 이민은 μœ κΈ°ν•©μ„± λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ€‘κ°„μ²΄λ‘œ μΈμ‹λ˜μ–΄ μ™”λ‹€. 특히 μ§ˆμ†Œ μ›μžλ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 생물학적 ν™œμ„±μ„ κ°–λŠ” μ²œμ—°λ¬Ό ν˜Ήμ€ κ·Έ μœ λ„μ²΄λ“€μ˜ ν•©μ„±μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”λ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이와 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ μ§ˆμ†Œμ— μΉ˜ν™˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 갖지 μ•ŠλŠ” 이민의 합성적 μ΄μš©μ€ μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€ μ œν•œλ˜μ–΄ μ™”λŠ”λ°, λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•œ 화학적 μ„±μ§ˆλ‘œ 인해 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ‹€μš©μ μ΄λ©° μž¬ν˜„μ„± μžˆλŠ” 제쑰 방법이 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. 졜근 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ§„μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•Œν‚¬ μ•„μžμ΄λ“œλ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ°€μ‹œκ΄‘μ„ μ— μ˜ν•΄ ν™œμ„±ν™” λ˜λŠ” λ£¨ν…ŒλŠ„ 착물을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ§ˆμ†Œμ— μΉ˜ν™˜κΈ°κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 이민을 μ œμ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 κ°œλ°œν–ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ ν•™μœ„ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ§ˆμ†Œμ— μΉ˜ν™˜κΈ°κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 이민의 λ°˜μ‘μ„±μ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό κΈ°μˆ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 특히 μ§ˆμ†Œμ— μΉ˜ν™˜κΈ°κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 이민의 μΉœν•΅μ„±κ³Ό Mannich λ°˜μ‘μ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ 톡해 μ—”μ•„λ§ˆμ΄λ“œ, μ•„μ„Έν‹Έ 그룹으둜 λ³΄ν˜Έν™” 된 이민, ν”ΌνŽ˜λ¦¬λˆ μœ λ„μ²΄μ˜ ν•©μ„±λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ„œμˆ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 첫번째 λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•Œν‚¬ μ•„μžμ΄λ“œμ™€ μ‚° λ¬΄μˆ˜λ¬Όλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ—”μ•„λ§ˆμ΄λ“œλ₯Ό ν•©μ„±ν•œ 방법에 κ΄€ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ„ κΈ°μˆ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 큰 μ „κΈ°μŒμ„±λ„λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” μ§ˆμ†Œμ›μžμ˜ μ„±μ§ˆλ‘œ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 이민에 κ΄€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ£Όμ œλŠ” νƒ„μ†Œ-μ§ˆμ†Œ 이쀑결합에 λŒ€ν•œ μ²¨κ°€λ°˜μ‘μ΄ μ£Όλ₯Ό 이루고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ 이민을 μ§ˆμ†Œ-μΉœν•΅μ²΄λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 거의 μ§„ν–‰λœ λ°”κ°€ μ—†λ‹€. 이에 μ•Œν‚¬ μ•„μžμ΄λ“œλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ£¨ν…ŒλŠ„ μ΄‰λ§€ν•˜μ— μƒμ„±λœ μ§ˆμ†Œμ— μΉ˜ν™˜κΈ°κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 이민에 λŒ€ν•œ μΉœν•΅μ„±μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ, μ‚° 무수물과의 λ°˜μ‘μ„ 톡해 μ—”μ•„λ§ˆμ΄λ“œλ₯Ό ν•©μ„±ν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆλ‹€. μ§ˆμ†Œμ— μΉ˜ν™˜κΈ°κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 이민은 μ‚° 무수물과 λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ—¬ λ¨Όμ € N-μ•„μ‹€ 이민이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , 이 생성물은 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” μ—”μ•„λ§ˆμ΄λ“œλ‘œ μ΄μ„±μ§ˆν™” λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μƒμ˜¨μ—μ„œ μ•ˆμ •ν•œ N-μ•„μ‹€ 이민의 경우, 열적 μ‘°κ±΄μ΄λ‚˜ 좔가적인 νŠΈλΌμ΄μ—ν‹Έμ•„λ―Όμ˜ 첨가가 μ΄μ„±μ§ˆν™”λ₯Ό μ΄‰μ§„μ‹œμΌ°λ‹€. 넓은 λ²”μœ„μ˜ μ•Œν‚¬ μ•„μžμ΄λ“œμ™€ μ‚° 무수물이 λ°˜μ‘μ˜ 좜발물질둜 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μ’…λž˜μ˜ μ—”μ•„λ§ˆμ΄λ“œ ν•©μ„± λ°©λ²•μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„±μ„ λ›°μ–΄ λ„˜λŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œλŠ” tandem-Mannich λ°˜μ‘μ„ 톡해 μ•Œν‚¬ μ•„μžμ΄λ“œμ™€ μ•„μ„Έν†€μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 4-ν”ΌνŽ˜λ¦¬λˆ μœ λ„μ²΄ ν•©μ„± 방법에 κ΄€ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ„ κΈ°μˆ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. Mannich λ°˜μ‘μ€ Ξ²-μ•„λ―Έλ…Έ μΉ΄λ₯΄λ³΄λ‹ 화합물을 ν•©μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ΄λ¦„λ°˜μ˜μ˜ λ°˜μ‘ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄λ‹€. μ§ˆμ†Œμ— μΉ˜ν™˜κΈ°κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 이민의 Mannich λ°˜μ‘μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ, 벀질 μ•„μžμ΄λ“œμ™€ μ•„μ„Έν†€μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 4-ν”ΌνŽ˜λ¦¬λˆ μœ λ„μ²΄κ°€ ν•©μ„±λ˜λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 2λΆ„μžμ˜ 아세톀은 벀질 μ•„μžμ΄λ“œ μœ λ„μ²΄λ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν•©μ„±λœ μ§ˆμ†Œμ— μΉ˜ν™˜κΈ°κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 이민과 고리화 λ°˜μ‘μ΄ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ–΄ ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 4-ν”ΌνŽ˜λ¦¬λˆ μœ λ„μ²΄λ‘œ μ „ν™˜λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ’…λž˜μ˜ μ•”λͺ¨λ‹ˆμ•„λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ˜ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œλŠ” ν•©μ„±ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ μΉ΄λ₯΄λ³΄λ‹ κΈ°λŠ₯κΈ°λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” 생성물을 ν•©μ„±ν•˜λŠ” λ“± 기질의 λ²”μš©μ„±μ„ 크케 늘릴 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€

    Legislation Conflicts in the Korean National Assembly: Focusing on the Health and Welfare Policies

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    λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν•œκ΅­ ꡭ회 λ‚΄ μž…λ²•κ°ˆλ“±μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μš”μΈμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. 특히 의회 λ‚΄ μž…λ²•κ°ˆλ“±μ„ μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•κ³Ό μ •λ‹Ή κ°„ κ²½μŸμ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 두 가지 이둠의 μƒλŒ€μ  μ„€λͺ…λ ₯을 κ²€μ¦ν•œλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 제18λŒ€ ꡭ회의 λ³΄κ±΄λ³΅μ§€μœ„μ›νšŒμ™€ μ—¬μ„±κ°€μ‘±μœ„μ›νšŒκ°€ μ‹¬μ˜ν•˜κ³  본회의 ν‘œκ²°μ„ 거친 88개의 λ²•μ•ˆμ„ λΆ„μ„λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 각 λ²•μ•ˆμ„ 두고 λ²Œμ–΄μ§€λŠ” μž…λ²•κ°ˆλ“±μ„ μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ§€ν‘œλ‘œμ¨ ν•΄λ‹Ήλ²•μ•ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μ›λ°œμ˜μ•ˆμ˜ 횟수λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•κ³Ό μ •λ‹Ήκ²½μŸλ„κ°€ λ²•μ•ˆλ³„ μž…λ²•κ°ˆλ“±μ˜ 차별성에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯λ ₯을 κ²€μ¦ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ν•œκ΅­ ꡭ회 λ‚΄ μž…λ²•κ°ˆλ“±μ€ μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ •λ‹Ή κ°„ 경쟁이 μ£Όμš” μ›μΈμž„μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­ ꡭ회 λ‚΄ μž…λ²•κ³Όμ •μ€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ²•μ•ˆμ„ 두고 μ •λ‹Ή κ°„ 경쟁이 κ°•ν•΄μ§ˆμˆ˜λ‘ ν•΄λ‹Ή λ²•μ•ˆμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ λ³€κ²½ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” λ°œμ˜μ•ˆμ˜ μ œκΈ°κ°€ λ§Žμ•„μ§€λŠ” νŠΉμ§•μ„ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것이닀. This paper explores the major factors affecting legislation conflicts in the Korean National Assembly. In particular, it examines the relative explanatory power of two competing arguments, one resulting from the traditional typology of public policy and the other from the theory of party competitions. Analyzing the 88 bills reviewed by two standing committees in the 18th Korean National Assembly―the Health and Welfare Committee and the Gender Equality and Family Committee, this article shows that the party competition argument better explains the legislation conflicts in the Korean National Assembly. It finds that the more intense party competition develops for a target bill, the stronger the legislation conflict, defined as the number of legislative motions for the bill, happens.λ³Έ 논문은 2012년도 μ •λΆ€(κ΅μœ‘λΆ€)의 μž¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ ν•œκ΅­μ—°κ΅¬μž¬λ‹¨μ˜ 지원을 λ°›μ•„ μ—°κ΅¬λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ λ°νžŒλ‹€(NRF-2012S1A5A8025022)
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