49 research outputs found
Study on applicability of stereophotogrammetry to rock joint survey
μ
체μ¬μ§μΈ‘λκΈ°λ²μ΄λ λμλ©΄μ λνμ¬ λ μ₯ μ΄μμ μ€ν
λ μ€ μμμ μ·¨λνκ³ μ΄ μμμ ν΄μν¨μΌλ‘μ¨
λμλ©΄μ λν μ 보λ₯Ό μΆμΆνλ λ°©λ²μ΄λ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μμμ
μ μν μλ°μ λ¦¬μ‘°μ¬ λ°©λ²μ λν λμμΌλ‘μ, μ
체μ¬μ§μΈ‘λκΈ°λ²μ μλ°μ 리쑰μ¬μ μ μ©νμ¬ μ 리 μ 보λ₯Ό μΆμΆνμκ³ κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λΉκ΅, λΆμν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μλ°μ 리쑰μ¬μμ μ μ©μ±μ νκ°νμλ€. κ²μ¦μ μ€λ΄ λͺ¨ν μνμ ν΅ν κ²μ¦κ³Ό μ€μ μλ°μ λν κ²μ¦μ ν΅νμ¬ μνλμλ€. νμ₯ μ μ©μ κΈ°μ 거리λΉκ° ν΄μ κ²°κ³Όμ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ νκ°νκΈ° μν 촬μ λ° λΆμμ μννμκ³ , ν΄μ μλ£μ μ νλλ₯Ό ν₯μμν€κΈ° μνμ¬ μ 리 λμλ©΄μ λΆν νλ 촬μνμλ€. ShapeMetriX 3D νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ΄μ©ν μ€λ΄ λͺ¨ν μν κ²°κ³Ό, 3μ°¨μ κ³΅κ° μ’νμ μ€μΈ‘μΉλ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν κ²°κ³Όμ λΉκ΅νμ¬ κ²½μ¬κ° λ° κ²½μ¬λ°©ν₯μ λνμ¬ λͺ¨λ Β±5Β° μ΄λ΄μ νΈμ°¨λ₯Ό 보μμ νμΈνμλ€. λν μμ μ·¨λμ νμ ꡬκ°μ΄ λ°μνμ§ μλλ‘ μ΄¬μνλ€λ©΄, κΈ°μ 거리λΉκ° ν΄μ κ²°κ³Όμ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ΄ ν¬μ§ μμμ μ μ μμλ€. λ°λΌμ λΆν νλ 촬μμ ν΅ν μ·¨λ μλ£μ λΆμμ ν¨μ¨μ μΈ λ°©λ²μΌλ‘ νλ¨λλ€.λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ 건μ€κ΅ν΅λΆκ° μΆμ°νκ³ νκ΅κ±΄μ€κ΅ν΅κΈ°μ
νκ°μμμ μν μνν 2006λ
λ 건μ€ν΅μ¬κΈ°μ μ°κ΅¬κ°
λ°μ¬μ
(04ν΅μ¬κΈ°μ C01)μ μ§μμΌλ‘ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ‘μΌλ©°, μ΄
μ κ°μ¬λ립λλ€
Preferential Gaps of European Integration Between French Voters and Their Parties
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ μ λ½μ μΉμ리νΈλ€κ³Ό μΌλ°μ κΆμ κ°μ μ λ½ν΅ν©μ κ΄ν μ νΈμ μ°¨λ³μ±μ μ΄ν΄λ³΄κ³ , κ·Έλ¬ν μ°¨λ³μ±μ μμΈμ κ·λͺ
νκ³ μ νλ€. νΉν νλμ€ μ κΆμλ₯Ό μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ μ λ½μ°ν©μ μ μΉμ μμΈμ΄ μ κΆμ κ°μΈκ³Ό ν΄λΉ μ κΆμκ° μ λΉμΌμ²΄κ°μ μ§λμ λΉ κ° μ νΈκ²©μ°¨μ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯λ ₯μ λΆμνλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ 2014λ
μ λ½μν μ κ±°μ΄ν μ λ½μ κ±°μ°κ΅¬κ° μ‘°μ¬ν μ€λ¬Έμ‘°μ¬ μλ£λ₯Ό νμ©νλ€. λΆμκ²°κ³Όλ μ λ½ν΅ν©μ λν μ νΈ κ°λκ° κ°ν μ κΆμμΌμλ‘ μ§μ§μ λΉκ³Όμ μ νΈκ²©μ°¨κ° μ λ€λ μ μ 보μ¬μ€λ€. λ°λ©΄, μ κΆμλ€μ μ λΉμΌμ²΄κ°μ μ°¨μ΄λ μ λ½ν΅ν© μ΄μμ λν΄ μ κΆμμ μ§μ§μ λΉ κ° μ νΈκ²©μ°¨λ₯Ό μ€λͺ
νλ μ£Όμ μμΈμΌλ‘ μμ©νμ§ μμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ²°κ³Όλ μ λ½ν΅ν© κ³Όμ μμ λ°μνλ μ μΉμ리νΈμ μ κΆμ κ° μ νΈμ κ°λ±μ ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν΄ μ¬νλΉμ°ν©κ³Ό κ°μ μ£Όμμ λΉλ€μ΄ κ΅λ―Όμ μ λ± μ΄λ
μ μΌλ‘ κΈμ§μ μΈ μ λΉμ μν΄ μ£Όλλλ μ λ½ν΅ν© μ΄μμ λν μ μΉμ μ νΈ νμ±κ³Όμ μ μ κ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ μ°Έμ¬ν νμμ±μ μ κΈ°νλ€.
This article analyzes the impact of political factors including party identification and intensity of voters' preferences on the preferential gaps of European Integration between voters and their parties. In particular, it focuses on the French case by which preferences of European Integration among six political parties and their supporters are examined. The analysis of the 2014 survey data, collected by the European Election Studies, finds that the stronger preference on European Integration a voter has, the weaker the preferential gap between the voter and the party with which she identifies herself. Meanwhile, the party identification among voters does not have a significant effect on the preferential gap. The results imply that in order to reduce the level of conflicts between voters and political elites over the issue of European Integration, major parties including the Socialist Party are required to participate actively on the process of developing voters' preferences on European Integration.N
Surface-modified graphene nanosheets for anticancer drug delivery
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ μ΅ν©κ³ΌνκΈ°μ λνμ : λΆμμν λ° λ°μ΄μ€μ μ½νκ³Ό, 2015. 8. μ΄λμ.Here, we report reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets coated with an anti-angiogenic anticancer taurocholate derivative of low-molecular-weight heparin (LHT7) as a tumor-targeting nanodelivery platform for anticancer drugs. Surface coating of LHT7 onto rGO was confirmed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled LHT7, monitored as fluorescence quenching due to associated rGO. Unlike plain rGO, LHT7-coated rGO (LHT-rGO) nanosheets maintained a stable dispersion under physiological conditions for at least 24 h. Moreover, LHT-rGO provided greater loading capacity for doxorubicin (Dox) compared with uncoated rGO nanosheets. Following intravenous administration into KB tumor-bearing mice, in vivo tumor accumulation of LHT-rGO/Dox was 7-fold higher than that of rGO/Dox 24 h post dosing. Intravenously administered LHT-rGO/Dox showed the greatest anti-tumor effect in KB-bearing mice, reducing tumor volume by 92.5% Β± 3.1% compared to the untreated group 25 days after tumor inoculation. TUNEL assays revealed that the population of apoptotic cells was highest in the group treated with LHT-rGO/Dox. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LHT-rGO nanosheets confer improved dispersion stability, tumor distribution and in vivo antitumor effects, and may be further developed as a potential active nanoplatform of various anticancer drugs.1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
2. 1. Synthesis of LHT7 and F-LHT7
2. 2. Preparation of rGO nanosheets
2. 3. Preparation and characterization of LHT-rGO nanosheets
2. 4. Stability test of LHT-rGO nanosheets
2. 5. Preparation of Dox-loaded nanosheets
2. 6. Cellular uptake test of Dox delivered by LHT-rGO nanosheets
2. 7. In vitro antitumor efficacy study of Dox-loaded nanosheets
2. 8. In vivo molecular imaging
2. 9. In vivo antitumor activity test
2. 10. Statistics
3. Results
3. 1. Characterization of LHT-rGO nanosheets
3. 2. Dispersion stability of LHT-rGO nanosheets
3. 3. Loading of Dox onto LHT-rGO nanosheets
3. 4. Cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy of Dox delivered on LHT-rGO nanosheets
3. 5. In vivo tumor tissue distribution of LHT-rGO/Dox
3. 6. In vivo antitumor effects of LHT-rGO/Dox
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion
References
κ΅λ¬Έμ΄λ‘Maste
TEM observation of twin evolution in austenitic TWIP steel
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬) --μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ¬λ£κ³΅νλΆ,2010.2.Maste
ν©λ¦¬μ κ°μΈ κ°μ μ λ°λ₯Έ μ§ν©νλ μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ μΉνκ³Ό,2001.Maste
3μ°¨μ λΈλ‘ λΆν μκ³ λ¦¬λ¬μ μ΄μ©ν νμλ λΆμ κΈ°λ² κ°λ°
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μλμ§μμ€ν
곡νλΆ, 2014. 8. μ‘μ¬μ€.λ°νμμ νμμμ μ
λ λΆμμ λ°ν μ€κ³μ ν¨μ¨μ±κ³Ό λ°ν μμ°μ±μ νκ°νκΈ° μν κΈ°μ΄ μλ¨μ΄λ€. ν μ§κ³΅ν λΆμΌμμλ μ²΄κ±°λ¦ μνμ ν΅νμ¬ ν μ¬μ μ
λλ₯Ό λΆμνκ³ μμΌλ, μλ°κ³΅ν λΆμΌμμλ μμμ ν¬κΈ°λ‘ μΈν΄ μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ μ»΄ν¨ν° μννΈμ¨μ΄λ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν μμΉμ μΈ λΆμμ΄ μ£Όλ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨κ³ μλ€. Split Desktop, WipFrag, FragScan λ±μ μ΄λ¬ν μμμ μ
λ λΆν¬ λΆμμ μ΄μ©λλ λνμ μννΈμ¨μ΄λ‘, 2μ°¨μ μμμ²λ¦¬κΈ°λ²μ κΈ°μ΄ν νμλ λΆμ μ λ¬Έ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ΄λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ 2μ°¨μ μμμ²λ¦¬κΈ°λ²μμλ μμ λ΄ λμμ κ²½κ³ λ° λ©΄μ μ 보 λ± 2μ°¨μ μ 보λ§μ μ΄μ©νλ―λ‘, 3μ°¨μ μ’ν μ 보λ₯Ό νμ©νμ§ λͺ»νλ νκ³κ° μλ€. λν 2μ°¨μ κΈ°λ²μ μ΄μ©ν νμλ λΆμμ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬λ μ»¨λ² μ΄μ΄ 벨νΈλ λ²ν· λ±μ μμ νλ©΄μ μΌλ‘ λ°°μΉλ νμμλ€μ λν ν΄μμ΄ μ£Όλ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨κ³ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ€μ λ°ν νμ₯μμ νμμμ λλ―Έ ννλ‘ μ‘΄μ¬νκ² λλ―λ‘, λ°ν μ§ν μ΄λ¬ν μμ λλ―Έμ νμλλ₯Ό λΆμν μ μλ€λ©΄ λ°ν μμ°μ±μ λμ΄λλ° ν° λμμ μ€ μ μλ€.
μ
체μ¬μ§μΈ‘λμ μ€ν
λ μ€ μμμ μ·¨λν ν λμμ 3μ°¨μ κ³΅κ° μ 보λ₯Ό μΆμΆνλ κΈ°λ²μ΄λ€. μ΄ κΈ°λ²μ ν΅ν΄ μ¬λ¬ λ°©ν₯μμ μ»μ μμμ μ΄μ©νμ¬ λμμ 3μ°¨μ νμ μ 보λ₯Ό 볡μν μ μμΌλ©°, 2μ°¨μ μμμ²λ¦¬κΈ°λ²κ³Ό λΉκ΅νμ¬ λ³΄λ€ λ§μ μ 보λ₯Ό μ νν μΆμΆν μ μλ€. μ΄ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ΄λ¬ν μ
체μ¬μ§μΈ‘λκΈ°λ²μ μ μ©νμ¬ μμμ ν¬κΈ°λ₯Ό 3μ°¨μμ μΌλ‘ λΆμνμλ€. μ°μ , μ
체μ¬μ§μΈ‘λκΈ°λ²μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ νλ©΄λ°°μΉ νμμμ λνμ¬ μ
λ λΆν¬λ₯Ό λΆμνκ³ κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μμ‘°λ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν μΈ‘μ λ° 2μ°¨μ μμμ²λ¦¬κΈ°λ²μ κ²°κ³Όμ λΉκ΅ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ κ·Έ μ μ©μ±μ νκ°νμλ€. λν λλ―Έλ°°μΉμμλ λλ―Έ μ 체μ μ 보λ₯Ό νμΈν μ μμΌλ―λ‘ λλ―Έ μΈμΈ‘ λΈλ‘λ€μ ν¬κΈ°λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ 체 λλ―Έ μμμ νμλλ₯Ό μΆμ νμμΌλ©°, νμ₯ νμ λλ―Έμ λν λΆμμ ν΅ν΄ λλ―Έ μΈμΈ‘ λΈλ‘ μ 보λ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν ν΅κ³ μΆμ κΈ°μ μ μ μ©μ±μ νκ°νμλ€.
λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ λΈλ‘ λΆν μκ³ λ¦¬λ¬μ κ°λ°νμλ€. μ°μ μ
체μ¬μ§μΈ‘λκΈ°λ²μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ νμ λλ―Έμ λν 3μ°¨μ μ κ΅°(point cloud) μλ£λ₯Ό μ»μλ€. μ΄ν μμ μλ£μ νμ νΉμ±μ κ³ λ €νμ¬ κ³΅ν΅μ μ΄λΌκ³ μκ°λλ μμλ€μ νμ
ν ν μ΄λ₯Ό κΈ°μ΄λ‘ λΈλ‘μ ꡬλΆνλ μκ³ λ¦¬λ¬μ κ°λ°νμμΌλ©°, μ΄ μκ³ λ¦¬λ¬κ³Ό μκΈ° ν΅κ³μ μΆμ κΈ°μ μ ν΅ν©νμ¬ νμ λλ―Έμ μ
λ λΆν¬ λΆμ κ³Όμ μ μλννλ κΈ°μ μ κ°λ°νμλ€.λͺ© μ°¨
μ΄λ‘ i
List of Figures vi
List of Tables x
1. μλ‘ 1
1.1 μ°κ΅¬ λ°°κ²½ λ° λν₯ 1
1.2 μ°κ΅¬ λ²μ λ° λ΄μ© 6
2. κΈ°μ΄ μ΄λ‘ 8
2.1 νμλ λΆμ λ°©λ² 8
2.2 μ
체 μμ μ ν©μ μ΄μ©ν 3μ°¨μ μ 보 볡μ μ΄λ‘ 10
2.2.1 κ³΅μ‘ κΈ°ν 10
2.2.2 μμ μ ν© κΈ°λ² 17
2.2.3 λΈλ‘ λ§€μΉ 18
2.2.4 μμ°¨ μ§λλ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν 3μ°¨μ κ³΅κ° μ¬ν 21
2.3 νμλ λΆμμ μν μμ λΆν μ΄λ‘ 23
2.4 ν¨ν΄ μΈμμ μ΄μ©ν μλ£ λΆλ₯ 27
3. 2μ°¨μ μμμ μ΄μ©ν νμλ λΆμ 29
3.1 μμ νλ μ₯λΉ 29
3.2 2μ°¨μ νμλ λΆμ λ°©λ² 30
3.3 νλ©΄λ°°μΉμ λν νμλ λΆμ 32
3.4 λλ―Έλ°°μΉμ λν νμλ λΆμ 36
3.5 κ²°κ³Ό λΆμ 40
4. 3μ°¨μ λΈλ‘ λΆν μλν κΈ°λ²μ μ΄μ©ν νμλ λΆμ κΈ°λ² κ°λ° 45
4.1 μ
체μ¬μ§μΈ‘λκΈ°λ²μ μ΄μ©ν 3μ°¨μ νμλ λΆμ 45
4.1.1 3μ°¨μ μ 보 볡μ 45
4.1.2 νλ©΄λ°°μΉμ λν 3μ°¨μ νμλ λΆμ 46
4.1.3 ν΅κ³μ νμλ λΆμ κ³Όμ 50
4.1.4 μ
λ ₯ μλ£ κ°μ 52
4.1.5 λλ―Έλ°°μΉμ λν ν΅κ³μ νμλ λΆμ 56
4.1.6 κ²°κ³Ό λΆμ λ° κ³ μ°° 76
4.2 λΈλ‘ λΆν μκ³ λ¦¬λ¬ κ΅¬μ± 79
4.2.1 μ μ²λ¦¬ 81
4.2.2 λΈλ‘ μ°ΎκΈ° 87
4.2.3 μ¬μ©μ μ
λ ₯μ ν΅ν λΈλ‘ μ°ΎκΈ° 96
4.2.4 λΈλ‘ μ 보 λΆμ 101
4.3 κ°λ° κΈ°λ²μ ν΅ν© 103
5. κ°λ° κΈ°λ²μ μ μ©μ± νκ° 105
5.1 νλ©΄λ°°μΉμ λν μ μ© 105
5.2 λλ―Έλ°°μΉμ λν μ μ© 112
5.3 νκ° κ²°κ³Ό κ³ μ°° 123
6. κ²°λ‘ 127
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 130
Abstract 139Docto
The Influence of the Candidate Selection Law with Gender Quotas on the Social Acceptability of the Female Politicians
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ 2000λ
μ΄ν μ¬μ±ν λΉ ν보곡μ²μ κ°νμ ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό λΆμνλ€. νΉν, μ λκ°ν κ²°κ³Όκ° ν보곡μ²κ³Όμ μμ κ° μ λΉμ μ¬μ±ν보μ λν μμ©μ±κ³Ό μ¬μ±μμμ μμ νλμ λν μ κΆμμ μμ©μ±μ λ―ΈμΉλ ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό κ²½νμ μΌλ‘ κ²μ¦νλ€. μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όλ λ κ°μ§ ν₯λ―Έλ‘μ΄ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ μνμλ€. 첫째, μ¬μ±ν λΉ ν보곡μ²μ λμ κ°νμ νκ΅ μ¬ν λ΄ κ° μ λΉμ΄ μ¬μ±ν보 곡μ²μ μ λ° μ§μμ λΆν¬λ₯Ό νλνλλ° μ μλ―Έν μν₯λ ₯μ λ―Έμ³€λ€. λμ§Έ, μ¬μ±ν λΉ ν보곡μ²μ λμ κ°νμ μ¬μ±μμμ μμ νλμ λν μ κΆμμ κΈμ μ μΈ νκ°μλ μ μλ―Έν μν₯λ ₯μ μ§λμ§ λͺ»νλ€. μ¬μ±ν λΉ νλ³΄κ³΅μ² μ λμ λ°μ μλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ μ κΆμλ€μ λ¨μ±μμμ λΉν΄ μ¬μ±μμμ μμ νλμ λμ± κΈμ μ μΌλ‘ νκ°νμ§λ μμλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όλ μ¬μ±ν λΉ ν보곡μ²μ λμ κ°νμ μ¬μ±μ μΉμΈμ λν μ κΆμ μμ λ³νλ₯Ό μλ°ν μ μλ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ λ°μ ν΄κ° νμμ±μ μ κΈ°νλ€.This article analyzes the influence of the candidate selection law with gender quotas reformed after 2000. In particular, it empirically tests the effect of the institutional reform on parties acceptability of female candidates and pubic acceptability of female representatives. Results show two interesting points. First, the institutional reform on the gender quotas has significantly influenced on the increase in the number of female candidate and the enlargement of the regions in which female candidates are nominated. Second, the pubic acceptability of female representatives has not been improved by the reform. The legislative performance of female representatives is not much more positively assessed than that of male representatives by public. These outcomes imply that any institutional reform on gender quotas in the future might build the measures to develop the positive acceptability of female politicians by pubic
μ° λ¬΄μλ¬Όκ³Ό μμΈν€μ λν μ§μμ μΉνκΈ°κ° μλ μ΄λ―Όμ μΉν΅μ±μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
DoctorN-substituted imines have been recognized as pivotal intermediates in organic synthesis, particularly for the preparation of nitrogencontaining bioactive natural products and derivatives. Unlike N-substituted imines, however, the synthetic scope of N-unsubstituted imines is still very limited. N-unsubstituted imines are known to be much less stable than the N-substituted analogues. Recently, our group developed a novel ruthenium catalyst system which enabled generation of various N-unsubstituted imines under mild reaction conditions from alkyl azides. In this thesis, I investigated about important organic transformations using N-unsubstituted imines as key intermediates.
In chapter 1, highly efficient and practical synthesis of N-acyl enamides from alkyl azides and acid anhydrides has been described. Because of the electronegativity of nitrogen atom of imines, research subjects have been focused primarily on the nucleophillic addition to C=N bonds. In contrast, there are few reports on the use of imines as N-nucleophiles. In this chapter, the nucleophilicity of N-unsubstituted imines, which were generated from alkyl azides by a ruthenium catalyzed reaction, was investigated in the reaction with acid anhydrides. The initial products were N-acyl imines, which isomerized to the corresponding enamides. Heating or triethylamine facilitated the isomerization of N-acyl imines stable at room temperature. A wide range of acyclic and cyclic enamides containing various functional groups were successfully synthesized under mild conditions. In addition to acetic anhydride, various acid anhydrides were applicable. From the reaction with cyclic anhydrides, enamides containing carboxylic acid group were obtained.
In chapter 2, synthesis of 4-piperidone from alkyl azides and acetone via tandem-Mannich reaction has been described. Mannich reaction is one of the most important named reactions for the construction of Ξ²-amino carbonyl compounds. During investigation on Mannich reaction of N-unsubstituted imines, I found the formation of 4-piperidones from alkyl azides and acetone. Two equivalents of acetone were annulated with N-unsubstituted imines in-situ generated from alkyl azides using a ruthenium catalyst in the presence of L-proline. This method extended the scope of accessible piperidones, including those having carbonyl groups which are not compatible with the synthetic conditions using ammonia.μ§μμ μΉνκΈ°λ₯Ό κ°λ μ΄λ―Όμ μ κΈ°ν©μ± λΆμΌμμ μ€μν μ€κ°μ²΄λ‘ μΈμλμ΄ μλ€. νΉν μ§μ μμλ₯Ό ν¬ν¨ν μλ¬Όνμ νμ±μ κ°λ μ²μ°λ¬Ό νΉμ κ·Έ μ λ체λ€μ ν©μ±μμ μ€μνκ² μ¬μ©λμ΄ μλ€. νμ§λ§, μ΄μ λ€λ₯΄κ² μ§μμ μΉνκΈ°λ₯Ό κ°μ§ μλ μ΄λ―Όμ ν©μ±μ μ΄μ©μ μμ§κΉμ§ μ νλμ΄ μλλ°, λΆμμ ν ννμ μ±μ§λ‘ μΈν΄ μ§κΈκΉμ§ μ€μ©μ μ΄λ©° μ¬νμ± μλ μ μ‘° λ°©λ²μ΄ μλ €μ Έ μμ§ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. μ΅κ·Ό λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ§μμλ μν¬ μμμ΄λλ‘λΆν° κ°μκ΄μ μ μν΄ νμ±ν λλ 루ν
λ μ°©λ¬Όμ μ¬μ©νμ¬ μ§μμ μΉνκΈ°κ° μλ μ΄λ―Όμ μ μ‘°νλ λ°©λ²μ κ°λ°νλ€. λ³Έ νμ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ μ§κΈκΉμ§ μλ €μ§μ§ μμ μ§μμ μΉνκΈ°κ° μλ μ΄λ―Όμ λ°μμ±μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό κΈ°μ νκ³ μλ€. νΉν μ§μμ μΉνκΈ°κ° μλ μ΄λ―Όμ μΉν΅μ±κ³Ό Mannich λ°μμ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬ ν΅ν΄ μμλ§μ΄λ, μμΈνΈ κ·Έλ£ΉμΌλ‘ 보νΈν λ μ΄λ―Ό, νΌν리λ μ λ체μ ν©μ±λ΄μ©μ μμ νκ³ μλ€.
첫λ²μ§Έ λΆλΆμμλ μν¬ μμμ΄λμ μ° λ¬΄μλ¬Όλ‘λΆν° μμλ§μ΄λλ₯Ό ν©μ±ν λ°©λ²μ κ΄ν λ΄μ©μ κΈ°μ νκ³ μλ€. ν° μ κΈ°μμ±λλ₯Ό κ°λ μ§μμμμ μ±μ§λ‘ μ§κΈκΉμ§ μ΄λ―Όμ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬μ£Όμ λ νμ-μ§μ μ΄μ€κ²°ν©μ λν 첨κ°λ°μμ΄ μ£Όλ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨κ³ μμλ€. λ°λλ‘ μ΄λ―Όμ μ§μ-μΉν΅μ²΄λ‘ μ¬μ©ν μ°κ΅¬λ κ±°μ μ§νλ λ°κ° μλ€. μ΄μ μν¬ μμμ΄λλ‘λΆν° 루ν
λ μ΄λ§€νμ μμ±λ μ§μμ μΉνκΈ°κ° μλ μ΄λ―Όμ λν μΉν΅μ±μ μ°κ΅¬νλ κ³Όμ μμ, μ° λ¬΄μλ¬Όκ³Όμ λ°μμ ν΅ν΄ μμλ§μ΄λλ₯Ό ν©μ±ν μ μμμ λ°κ²¬νλ€. μ§μμ μΉνκΈ°κ° μλ μ΄λ―Όμ μ° λ¬΄μλ¬Όκ³Ό λ°μνμ¬ λ¨Όμ N-μμ€ μ΄λ―Όμ΄ νμ±λμκ³ , μ΄ μμ±λ¬Όμ ν΄λΉνλ μμλ§μ΄λλ‘ μ΄μ±μ§ν λμλ€. μμ¨μμ μμ ν N-μμ€ μ΄λ―Όμ κ²½μ°, μ΄μ 쑰건μ΄λ μΆκ°μ μΈ νΈλΌμ΄μνΈμλ―Όμ 첨κ°κ° μ΄μ±μ§νλ₯Ό μ΄μ§μμΌ°λ€. λμ λ²μμ μν¬ μμμ΄λμ μ° λ¬΄μλ¬Όμ΄ λ°μμ μΆλ°λ¬Όμ§λ‘ μ¬μ©λ μ μμμΌλ©°, μ’
λμ μμλ§μ΄λ ν©μ± λ°©λ²μ ν¨μ¨μ±μ λ°μ΄ λλ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λνλλ€.
λλ²μ§Έ λΆλΆμμλ tandem-Mannich λ°μμ ν΅ν΄ μν¬ μμμ΄λμ μμΈν€μΌλ‘λΆν° 4-νΌν리λ μ λ체 ν©μ± λ°©λ²μ κ΄ν λ΄μ©μ κΈ°μ νκ³ μλ€. Mannich λ°μμ Ξ²-μλ―Έλ
Έ μΉ΄λ₯΄λ³΄λ νν©λ¬Όμ ν©μ±νκΈ° μν κ°μ₯ μ€μν μ΄λ¦λ°μμ λ°μ μ€ νλμ΄λ€. μ§μμ μΉνκΈ°κ° μλ μ΄λ―Όμ Mannich λ°μμ μ°κ΅¬νλ κ³Όμ μμ, λ²€μ§ μμμ΄λμ μμΈν€μΌλ‘λΆν° 4-νΌν리λ μ λμ²΄κ° ν©μ±λλ κ²μ λ°κ²¬ν μ μμλ€. 2λΆμμ μμΈν€μ λ²€μ§ μμμ΄λ μ λ체λ‘λΆν° ν©μ±λ μ§μμ μΉνκΈ°κ° μλ μ΄λ―Όκ³Ό κ³ λ¦¬ν λ°μμ΄ μ§νλμ΄ ν΄λΉνλ 4-νΌν리λ μ λμ²΄λ‘ μ νλμλ€. μ’
λμ μλͺ¨λμλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλ λ°©λ²μΌλ‘λ ν©μ±ν μ μμλ μΉ΄λ₯΄λ³΄λ κΈ°λ₯κΈ°λ₯Ό κ°λ μμ±λ¬Όμ ν©μ±νλ λ± κΈ°μ§μ λ²μ©μ±μ ν¬μΌ λ릴 μ μμλ€
Investigation about Nucleophilicity of N-unsubstituted Imines:Synthesis of Enamides from Alkyl Azides and Acid Anhydrides
2
Legislation Conflicts in the Korean National Assembly: Focusing on the Health and Welfare Policies
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ νκ΅ κ΅ν λ΄ μ
λ²κ°λ±μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ μμΈμ λΆμνλ€. νΉν μν λ΄ μ
λ²κ°λ±μ μ μ±
μ νκ³Ό μ λΉ κ° κ²½μμ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ μ€λͺ
νλ λ κ°μ§ μ΄λ‘ μ μλμ μ€λͺ
λ ₯μ κ²μ¦νλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μνμ¬ μ 18λ κ΅νμ 보건볡μ§μμνμ μ¬μ±κ°μ‘±μμνκ° μ¬μνκ³ λ³Ένμ νκ²°μ κ±°μΉ 88κ°μ λ²μμ λΆμλμμΌλ‘ νμλ€. λν κ° λ²μμ λκ³ λ²μ΄μ§λ μ
λ²κ°λ±μ μΈ‘μ νκΈ° μν νλμ μ§νλ‘μ¨ ν΄λΉλ²μμ λν μμλ°μμμ νμλ₯Ό μ μνμλ€. μ μ±
μ νκ³Ό μ λΉκ²½μλκ° λ²μλ³ μ
λ²κ°λ±μ μ°¨λ³μ±μ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯λ ₯μ κ²μ¦ν κ²°κ³Όλ νκ΅ κ΅ν λ΄ μ
λ²κ°λ±μ μ μ±
μ ν보λ€λ μ λΉ κ° κ²½μμ΄ μ£Όμ μμΈμμ 보μ¬μ£Όμλ€. νκ΅ κ΅ν λ΄ μ
λ²κ³Όμ μ νλμ λ²μμ λκ³ μ λΉ κ° κ²½μμ΄ κ°ν΄μ§μλ‘ ν΄λΉ λ²μμ λ΄μ©μ λ³κ²½νκ³ μ νλ λ°μμμ μ κΈ°κ° λ§μμ§λ νΉμ§μ 보μ΄λ κ²μ΄λ€.
This paper explores the major factors affecting legislation conflicts in the Korean National Assembly. In particular, it examines the relative explanatory power of two competing arguments, one resulting from the traditional typology of public policy and the other from the theory of party competitions. Analyzing the 88 bills reviewed by two standing committees in the 18th Korean National Assemblyβthe Health and Welfare Committee and the Gender Equality and Family Committee, this article shows that the party competition argument better explains the legislation conflicts in the Korean National Assembly. It finds that the more intense party competition develops for a target bill, the stronger the legislation conflict, defined as the number of legislative motions for the bill, happens.λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ 2012λ
λ μ λΆ(κ΅μ‘λΆ)μ μ¬μμΌλ‘ νκ΅μ°κ΅¬μ¬λ¨μ μ§μμ λ°μ μ°κ΅¬λμμμ λ°νλ€(NRF-2012S1A5A8025022)