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    ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์˜ isoenzyme ์–‘์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[์˜๋ฌธ] [ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์ธ Acanthamoeba species์™€ Naegleria species์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด์— ์นจ๋ฒ”ํ•˜ ์—ฌ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์›๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์„ฑ ๋‡Œ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์—ผ(primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis)์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ธ์ฒด์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์˜ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์„ ํŒ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ”ํžˆ ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋ณ„(Culbertson et al., 1959; Kasprzak and Mazur, 1972; Martinez et al., 1973; Curs ons et al., 1977), ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘(Willaert, 1976; Stevens et al., 1977), ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์ ๋ฐ˜์‘(Ste vens and Kaufman, 1974; Josephson, 1977; ๊น€ ๋“ฑ, 1979) ๋ฐ ์ „์žํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ด€์ฐฐ(Visvesvar a and Callaway, 1974; ์ • ๋“ฑ, 1980)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์‹œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ 3์ข…์˜ Acanthamoeba species์ธ YM-2 YM-3 ๋ฐ YM-4์™€ A. culbertsoni, A. lenticulata, A. royreba, A. triangutaris, A. hatchrotti, Naegieria fowler ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์งˆ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”(Entamoeba histolytica, HK-9์ฃผ)๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์šฉ์ถœ์•ก(ly sate)์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด starch-gel electrophoresis๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  phosphoglucose isomerase(E.C.5 .3.1.9, PGI), phosphoglucomutase(E.C. 2.7.5.1, PGH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogen ase(E.C.1.1.1.49, G-6-PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase(E,C. 1.1.1.44, 6-PGDH) , malate dehydrogenase(E.C.1.1.1.37, MDH) ๋ฐ malic enzyme(E.C. 1.1.1.40, ME)๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ ์ƒ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ฃผํ–‰์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ ์œ ๋ฌด์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ์‘์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ” ํŠนํžˆ Acanthamoeba species์—์„œ๋Š” ME์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ ๋ฉฐ MDH์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด์งˆ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ME์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ƒ๋งŒ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ” YM-4, A. culbertsoni,์™€ A. lenticulata์—์„œ PGI ๋ฐ PGM์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰์€ ์ด์งˆ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ž๋‹ค. 3. Acanthamoeba species๋Š” Naegleria fowleri์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ MDH์—์„œ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ME์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  PGI ๋ฐ 6-PGDH๋Š” Naegleria fowleri์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฃผํ–‰์ด ๋นจ๋ž๋‹ค. 4. Acanthamoeba species์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ YM-4์™€ ์ธ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ A. culbertsoni ์™€ A. lenticulata์—์„œ๋Š” PGM, G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ PGM์€ ์œ„์˜ 3 ์ข…์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ฃผํ–‰์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋นจ๋ž๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ด์งˆ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜๋™์ฃผํ–‰์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์ธ Naegleria fowleri์™€ Acanthamoeba species๋„ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ฃผํ–‰์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ทธ์ค‘ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ Acanthamoeba species YM-4์™€ ์ธ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ A. culbertsoni ๋ฐ A. lenticulata์˜ PGM์€ ๋น„๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ ์ฃผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์ฃผํ–‰์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž์œผ๋‚˜ ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์˜ ์ˆ˜์ข… isoenzyme์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜๋™์ฃผํ–‰์–‘์ƒ์ด ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์˜ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š”ํ…Œ ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์ถ”์‹œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. Study on Isoenzyme Patterns of Free-living Amoebae, Acanthamoeba species Kyung-Sook Han Deportment of Medical Science The Graduate School, Yonsei University (Directed by Professor Chin-Thack Soh, M.D.) Since the first description of primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis due to free-living amoeba infection by Fowler and Carter(1965), over 100 cases of the human infection have been recorded in literatures so far up to 1982, and Acanthamoeba species and Naegleria species have been isolated as causative agents. Studies on experimental(Culbertson et af., 1959; Kasprzak & Mazur, 1972; Martinez et al., 1973; Cursons et al., 1977), immunotaxonomical(Willaert, 1976; Stevens et al., 1977), biochemical(Stevens & Kaufman, 1974; Josephson et al., 1977; Kim et al., 1979) and ultrastructural (Vievesvara & Callaway, 1974; Chung et al., 1980) studies have been attempted to elucidate the pathogenicity of free-living amoebae. In the present study six isoenzymes such as phosphoglucose isomerase(E.C. 5.3.1.9. PGI), phosphoglucomutase (E.C. 2.7.5.1. PGM), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(E.C. 1.1.1.49, G-6-PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase(E.C.1.1.1.44, 6-PGDH), malate dehydrogenase(E.C. 1.1.1.37, MDH) and malic enzyme(E.C. 1,1,1,40, ME) in Acanthamoeba species YM-2, YM-3, YM-4, A. culbertsoni, A. lenticulata, A. royreba, A. triangularis, A. hatchcotti, Naegleria fowleri and Entamoeba histolytica(HK-9 strain) were examined and analysed to elucidate the zymographic patterns by starch-gel electrophoresis. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. ME was not observed from Acanthamoeba species, but MDH was detected from all of Acanthamoeba species as a double band. ME was observed from Naegleria fowleri and E. histolytica only. 2. PGI and PGM from Acanthamoeba species YM-4, A. culbertsoni and A. lenticulata were faster in running patterns than those of non-pathogenic Acanthamoeba species and E. histolytica. 3. MDH and ME from Naegleria fowleri appeared as a single band, and PGI and 6-PGOH were slower than those of Acanthamoeba species. 4. From pathogenic strain YM-4 and human pathogens A. culbertsoni and A. lenticulata G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH were well observed, and particulary PGM from these three species was faster than that of the other amoebae. The results in this study suggest that isoenzyme pattern by starch-gel electrophoresis can be applied to distinguish the potential strain in virulence of Acanthamoeba species from the non-virulent.restrictio

    Prolonged fever in korean children:review of 120 cases

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ €์ž๋Š” 1974๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1978๋…„ 8์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ 4๋…„ 8๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์† ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค๋ณ‘์› ์†Œ์•„๊ณผ์— ์ž…์›ํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ํ™˜์•„ 8,952์˜ˆ ์ค‘ 38.5โ„ƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์—ด์ด 2์ฃผ์ด์ƒ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ž…์›๋‹น์‹œ ๊ทธ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ํ™•์‹ค์น˜ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ํ™˜์•„ 120์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ, ์ž„์ƒ์ฆ์ƒ ๋ฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์†Œ๊ฒฌ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. 2์ฃผ์ด์ƒ ์ง€์†๋œ ์›์ธ๋ถˆ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐœ์—ด์„ ์ฃผ์†Œ๋กœ ์ž…์›ํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ํ™˜์•„๋Š” ๋งŒ 4๋…„ 8๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์ด ์ž…์›ํ™˜์•„ 8,952์˜ˆ์ค‘ 120์˜ˆ๋กœ 1.3ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ์—ฐ๋ น ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋ถ„ํฌ ์ด 120์˜ˆ์ค‘ 1์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด 16์˜ˆ (13.3ํผ์„ผํŠธ), 1์„ธ์—์„œ 6์„ธ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ 64์˜ˆ (53.3%)๋กœ์„œ 6์„ธ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด ์ „์ฒด์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 2๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚จ์•„๊ฐ€ 74์˜ˆ, ์—ฌ์•„๊ฐ€ 46์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ๋น„๋Š” 1.6๋Œ€ 1์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ์ผ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ณ„ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ 5์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 9์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ์ž…์›์ „ ๋ฐœ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ฝ ๋ฐ˜์ˆ˜์ธ 58์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ 2์ฃผ์—์„œ 3์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์—ด์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  1๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ ๊ณ„์†๋œ ์˜ˆ๋„ 27์˜ˆ (22.5ํผ์„ผํŠธ)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ดํ˜•์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ„ํ—ํ˜•(้–“ๆญ‡ๅž‹)์ด 75์˜ˆ (62.5ํผ์„ผํŠธ), ์ด์žฅํ˜•(ๅผ›ๅผตๅž‹)์ด 32์˜ˆ (26.7ํผ์„ผํŠธ), ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜ํ˜•(็จฝ็•™ๅž‹)์ด 13์˜ˆ (10.8ํผ์„ผํŠธ)์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐœ์—ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์—ดํ˜•์€ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 5, ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ๋ช… ์ „์ฒดํ™˜์•„์ค‘ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์ด 81์˜ˆ๋กœ 67.5ํผ์„ผํŠธ, ์•…์„ฑ์ข…์–‘์ด 17์˜ˆ (14.2ํผ์„ผํŠธ), ๊ต์›์งˆํ™˜์ด 7์˜ˆ (5.8ํผ์„ผํŠธ), ๊ธฐํƒ€ 1์˜ˆ (0.8ํผ์„ผํŠธ), ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‡ด์›ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ 14์˜ˆ (11.7ํผ์„ผํŠธ)๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ 81์˜ˆ์ค‘ 59์˜ˆ (72.8ํผ์„ผํŠธ)๊ฐ€ 6์„ธ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ 6์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•…์„ฑ์ข…์–‘์€ ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ต์›์งˆํ™˜์€ 7์˜ˆ์ค‘ 5์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ 6์„ธ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6. ์ž…์›ํ›„ ์ตœ์ข…์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค์ง€๊ธฐ ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ž…์›๋‹น์ผ์— 34์˜ˆ (28.3ํผ์„ผํŠธ), 2๋‚ด์ง€ 7์ผ์— 66์˜ˆ (55.0ํผ์„ผํŠธ)๋กœ 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ด์ƒ์ด 1์ฃผ์ด๋‚ด์— ์ง„๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์—ด์ด ๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์ด๋‚ด๊ฐ€ 53์˜ˆ (44.2ํผ์„ผํŠธ)์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ ์ž…์›ํ•œ ๋‹น์ผ๋กœ ์—ด์ด ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋˜ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ 30์˜ˆ (25.0ํผ์„ผํŠธ)๋กœ ์•ฝ 70ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์ด๋‚ด์— ํ•ด์—ด์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ์ž…์›๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์ด๋‚ด๊ฐ€ 52์˜ˆ (43.3ํผ์„ผํŠธ), 1์ฃผ์—์„œ 2์ฃผ๊ฐ€ 38์˜ˆ (31.7ํผ์„ผํŠธ)๋กœ 75ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ 2์ฃผ์ด๋‚ด์— ํ‡ด์›ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Author reviewed the patients with temperature over 38.5โ„ƒ for longer than two weeks and of undetermined etiology who were admitted and treated in Yonsei Medical Center during the period from Jan. 1974 to Aug. 1978. There have been 120 cases of prolonged fever in that period. The following results were obtained; 1. The children who were admitted with prolonged fever occupied 1.3% of total in-patients at the same period. 2. 16 cases were less than 1 year of age at admission and 64 were 1 to 6 years. So 2/3 of total cases were less than 6 years of age. The ratio of Male to Female was 1.6:1. 3. There was no apparent difference in seasolnal incidence. But from May to September slightly increased number was noted. 4. In 58 cases (48.3%) the fever persisted 2 to 3 weeks before admission and 27 cases lasted longer than a month. Three patterns of fever were observed: intermittent type 75 cases (62.5%), daily spiking 32(26.7%) and constant 13(10.8%). 5. The final diagnoses as a cause of fever were as follows. Infections accounted for 81 cases (67.5%), malignancy 17 (14.2%), collagen diseases 7 (5.8%) and miscellaneous cause 1 (0.8%), 14 cases (11.7%) remained undiagnosed at the conclusin of their hospitalization. Certain relationships between diagnosis and age were noted. Infection was the most common etiology in all age groups, but 72.5% of these children were less than 6 years old. 71.4% of collagen diseases were older than 6 years. Malignancy had no age predilection. 6. Over 80% of all cases the diagnosis were made within a week and the fever disappeared in a week in 70%. So most of them (75%) discharged within 2 weeks after admission. 7. Careful history suggested the final diagnosis in 84 cases (70%) and repeated physical examinations were helpful in 70 cases (58.3%). Abnormal findings in routine chest P-A were present in 47.5%. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was significantly increased in 26/34 cases (76.5%). 47 cases (39.2%) were anemic for age and all children with malignancy were anemic. Lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, tissue biopsy and explo. laparotomy were performed only in suspected cases. 8. Outcome on discharge were as follows; 90 cases (75.0%) were much improved, 21 (17.5%) discharged without improvement and 9 cases (7.5%) expired.restrictio

    (A) study on coping patterns and depression in mastectomy patients

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ต์œก/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์œ ๋ฐฉ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ  ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค๊ณผ ์•”์ด ์–ธ์ œ ์žฌ๋ฐœํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์šฐ์šธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ƒํ™œ์— ์ ์‘ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€ ์‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋ฐฉ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ  ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ์šธ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์งˆํ™˜์— ์ž˜ ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•œ ์„œ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ๋‚ด 4๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ ํ•™๋ถ€์†๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์ž…์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜๋กœ ํ†ต์›์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” 101๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜ ์ž์™€ ์„œ์šธ Y๋Œ€ ๋ถ€์†๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ž…์›ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ช…๋‹จ์„ ์˜๋ฌด ๊ธฐ๋ก์‹ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์‹ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ตํ•˜์—ฌ์ค€ 54๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Folkman & Lazarus๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•œ์ •์„ (1990)์ด ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„์˜ ์ธก์ •์€ ์ „์‹œ์ž(1989)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ•œ ์šฐ์šธ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 1991๋…„ 4์›” 8์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 30์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด 23์ผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณด์กฐ์› 2์ธ์— ์˜ ํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS - PC**+ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์‚ฐ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋นˆ๋„, ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ท , ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ t -test, ANOVA๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ ์ •๋„์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ํ”ผ์–ด์Šจ ์ ๋ฅ  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์ •๋„๋Š” ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์  2.62๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2) ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ๋ณ„ ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธด์žฅํ•ด์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3) ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์  3.0์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” "๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ข€๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค", ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณฐ๊ณฐ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค", "ํ˜„์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฟˆ ๊พธ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค", "์ผ์ด ์ž˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์„ ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ํ™˜์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค", "๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ(๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ)์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค", "์ผ์˜ ๋ฐ์€ ๋ฉด๋งŒ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์“ด๋‹ค", "ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ์• ์“ด๋‹ค", ์‚ถ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฌ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค"๋กœ ๋‚˜ ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ•ญ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” "์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ธ ๋‹ค", "๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๋™์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค", "๋จน๊ณ , ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ , ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์„ ๋ณต์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค"๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 4) ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ข…๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์  ๊ด€์ธก(F=3.82 , p<.01)๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰(F=4.47, p<.01)์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด, ํ•™๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ(F=3.09, p< .05), ํฌ๋ง์  ๊ด€์ธก(F=2.71, p<.05)๊ณผ ๊ธด์žฅํ•ด์†Œ(F=2.84,p<.05)์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ค‘์‹ฌ(F=3.02, p<.05)์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด, ์น˜๋ฃŒํ˜•ํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ง€์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰(F=3.54, p<. 05)์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅํ•ด์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 5) ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์šฐ์šธ์ •๋„๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  22.15(ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ, 7.90)๋กœ ์šฐ์šธ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ ๋‹ค. 6) ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ณ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ "์•ž๋‚ ์˜ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค"์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์— ์„œ 82๋ช…(52.9%), "์ฃฝ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค"์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์—์„œ 97๋ช…(62.7%), "ํ•„์š” ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค"์˜ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์—์„œ 95๋ช…(61.7%)๋“ฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์šธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ „ํ˜€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 7) ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฐ์šธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ข…๊ต(F=2.72,P<.05), ํ•™๋ ฅ(F= 4.07, p<.01)์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ข…๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋” ์šฐ์šธํ•จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๊ณ  ํ•™๋ ฅ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋œ ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 8) ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์—ญ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ (r=-.34, p<.001) ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก .์šฐ์šธ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] This descriptive study was done to identity coping patterns and depression inpatients who have had a mastectomy. Data were collected from 155 subjects who had a mastectomy. It was carried out by the researcher and two trained interviewers from the April 8th to 30th,1991. Two instruments were used to collect the data; The coping pattern assessment tool developed by Han (1990) and the depression assessment tool developed by Chun(1989) The results of this study are as follows: 1. The item mean score f7r the degree of coping of the subjects was 2.62 points. 2. The most useful coping items were; "Try to analyse the problem in order to understand it better.", "Think about how a person I admire would handle this situation and use that as a model.", "Daydream or image a better time or place than the one I am in.", "Have fantasies or wishes about how things might turnout.", "Pray.", "Try to look on the bright side of things.", "Realze that I am changing or growing as a person in a good way.", "Rediscover what is important in life." The least useful coping items were; "Accept it, since nothing can be done.", "Accept sympathy and understanding from someone.", "Try to find someone who can do something concrete about the problem." 3. The coping response for each patters were examined; "focusing on the positive" wart the most useful coping pattern, "Tension reduction" was the least, useful coping pattern. 4. An analysis of the degree of coping according t? demographic characteristics showed statistically significant difference for the following: "Wishful thinking(F=3.82, p<.01)" and "Seeking social support (F=3.09, p<.05)" according to religion, "Wishful thinding (F=2.71, P<.05)" and "Tension reduction (F=2.84,P<.05)" according to education, "Problem-focused (F=3.54, p<.05)" according to treatment. 5. The average degree of depression for all subjects was 22.15ยฑ7.90 with a range from 11 to 44 out of a total possible range of 11-44 points. Most of the subjects experienced a lower level of depression. 6. The analysis of the degree of depression according to demographic characteristics showed a statistically significant difference according to religion(F=2.72, p<.05) and to education (F=4.07, P<.01). Subjects who had no religion had a high level of depression ailed subjects with higher education had a lower level of depression. 7. There was a negative correlation (r=-.34, p<.001) between the degree of depression and the coping pattern of "Focusing on the positive".restrictio

    A Study on the Guanine Arninohydrolase in the Tissue of Occipital Lobe of Dog Brain

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    Crude preparation of the guanine aminohydrolase was obtained from the occipital lobe tissue of dog brain by means of salting-out with ammonium sulfate, and the enzymatic properties were observed with the following conclusions. (l) The KM value of the crude GDA toward the substrate. guanine, was 0.26mM. (2) The GDA was highly heat-stable. and inactivated by urea and guanidine-Hfll, the magnitude of the inhibition by the latter being more prominant than the former. (3) The GDA had a single and broad spectrum of its pH-versus activity profile, ranging from pH 7.0 to 9.0. (4) Among the inorganic ions examined, Cat, Cu++, Mrrr", Fet", Fe+++, Pb!', Co":", CN- displayed no effect on the GDA activity, whereas Hgtt showed 100% and Mgtt about 10% inactivation of the enzyme. (5) There was no evidence of the presence of the natural inhibitor of the present GDA in the mitochondrial fraction of the tissue of the occipital lobe of dog brain, and of product inhibition by xanthine and hypoxanthine as well. (6) There was an indication of possible allosteric property in the present preparation of GDA with GTP as its positive modifier against the alleged cooperative phenomenon
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