17 research outputs found

    Screening and functional studies of deubiquitinase that contributes to the stability of the MRN complex at DNA damage sites

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬λ²”λŒ€ν•™ κ³Όν•™κ΅μœ‘κ³Ό(생물전곡), 2020. 8. μ΄μ€€κ·œ.세포 λ‚΄ DNA 이쀑가λ‹₯ μ ˆλ‹¨μ€ 독성이 맀우 크기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ³  μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μˆ˜μ„ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. RecQ helicase family 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ RecQL4λŠ” μœ μ „μ²΄ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ— μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ©°, 변이가 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ©΄ Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome(RTS)λ“±μ˜ μœ μ „μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ λ°œμƒν•œλ‹€. 선행연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό, RecQL4λŠ” 이쀑가λ‹₯ μ ˆλ‹¨ λ°˜μ‘μ—μ„œ 핡심적인 역할을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1(MRN) λ³΅ν•©μ²΄μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„± μœ μ§€μ— ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©°, RecQL4의 MRN 볡합체 μ•ˆμ •μ„± μœ μ§€ μž‘μš©μ—λŠ” νƒˆμœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ν™”νš¨μ†ŒμΈ USP28이 κ΄€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 정상적인 μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ USP28의 κΈ°λŠ₯이 μ–΅μ œλ˜μ–΄λ„ MRN λ³΅ν•©μ²΄μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ—λŠ” μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μ΄λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ νƒˆμœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ν™”νš¨μ†Œμ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό μ‹œμ‚¬ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” MRN λ³΅ν•©μ²΄μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ νƒˆμœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ν™”νš¨μ†Œλ₯Ό μ„ λ³„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ μ•Œλ €μ§„ 50μ—¬ μ’…μ˜ νƒˆμœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ν™”νš¨μ†Œ 쀑 DNA 손상, 세포주기, λ°œμ•”κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ 10개의 νƒˆμœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ν™”νš¨μ†Œλ₯Ό 후보 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆλ‘œ μ„ μ •ν•˜μ—¬ RecQL4의 κΈ°λŠ₯이 μ–΅μ œλœ 세포에 ν˜•μ§ˆμ£Όμž…ν•œ ν›„ λ©΄μ—­μ—Όμƒ‰λ²•μœΌλ‘œ MRN λ³΅ν•©μ²΄μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, 기쑴에 μ—°κ΅¬λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ USP28을 ν˜•μ§ˆμ£Όμž…ν•œ 것과 같이 USP2λ₯Ό ν˜•μ§ˆμ£Όμž…ν•œ μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ MRN λ³΅ν•©μ²΄μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, USP2λ₯Ό κ³Όλ°œν˜„μ‹œν‚¨ μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œλŠ” RecQL4에 결함이 μžˆλŠ” μ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ ATM ν™œμ„±ν™”μ™€ μƒλ™μž¬μ‘°ν•© μˆ˜μ„ μ˜ 결함도 νšŒλ³΅λ¨μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 특히, RecQL4κ°€ λ°œν˜„λ˜λŠ” μ •μƒμ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ USP2와 USP28의 κΈ°λŠ₯을 각각 μ–΅μ œν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•ŒλŠ” ATM ν™œμ„±ν™”μ™€ μƒλ™μž¬μ‘°ν•© μˆ˜μ„ μ΄ 영ν–₯을 받지 μ•Šμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ, USP2와 USP28의 κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ™μ‹œμ— μ–΅μ œν•˜λ©΄ MRN λ³΅ν•©μ²΄μ˜ λΆˆμ•ˆμ •μ„±μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  ATM ν™œμ„±ν™”μ™€ μƒλ™μž¬μ‘°ν•© μˆ˜μ„ μ΄ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŒμ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 이 두 νƒˆμœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ν™” νš¨μ†Œκ°€ RecQL4 의쑴적으둜 MRN λ³΅ν•©μ²΄μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„± μœ μ§€μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” μ€‘λ³΅λœ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•¨μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, USP2의 이쀑가λ‹₯ μ ˆλ‹¨ λΆ€μœ„ κ²°ν•© 기전을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, USP2κ°€ RecQL4 의쑴적으둜 이쀑가λ‹₯ μ ˆλ‹¨ λΆ€μœ„μ— κ²°ν•©ν•˜λ©°, κ·Έ κ²°ν•©μ—λŠ” ATM kinase의 ν™œμ„±μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•¨μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” DNA 이쀑가λ‹₯ μ ˆλ‹¨μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ„Έν¬λ°˜μ‘μ—μ„œ RecQL4 의쑴적으둜 MRN λ³΅ν•©μ²΄μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„± μœ μ§€μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ νƒˆμœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ν™”νš¨μ†Œλ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„λƒˆμœΌλ©°, RecQL4의 세포 λ‚΄ κΈ°λŠ₯ 규λͺ…에 κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜μ—¬ RTS ν™˜μžμ˜ 증상을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ μ œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ‹¨μ„œλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ 큰 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλ‹€.Intracellular DNA double strand breaks are highly toxic and must be repaired quickly and accurately. RecQL4, one of the RecQ helicase family, is important for genome stability. The mutations in RecQL4 occurs, a genetic disorder called Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome (RTS). According to the previous studies, RecQL4 is required to maintain the stability of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, which plays a key role in DNA double strand breaks repair. Moreover, it was confirmed that USP28, a deubiquitination enzyme, is involved in maintenance of stability of the MRN complex of RecQL4. However, when the function of USP28 was inhibited in normal cells, there was no change in the stability of the MRN complex, suggesting the presence of a new other involved deubiquitinase. In this study, in order to find new deubiquitinases that contribute to the stability of the MRN complex, 10 deubiquitinases related to DNA damage, DNA repair, and cell cycle among 50 deubiquitinases which known to date were selected as candidate proteins. Then, after the deubiquitinases were transfected into cells with RecQL4 function suppressed, the stability of the MRN complex was confirmed by immunostaining. As a result, it was confirmed that the stability of the MRN complex increased in cells transfected with USP2 as in the case of transfection with USP28, which was previously confirmed. In addition, it was found that the cells overexpressing USP2 recovered the defects of ATM activation and homologous recombination observed in cells with RecQL4 defects. In particular, in cells that inhibited the functions of USP2 and USP28, respectively, in normal cells expressing RecQL4, ATM activation and homologous recombination repair were not affected. However, it was observed that in cells with the functions of USP2 and USP28 simultaneously inhibited, not only the instability of the MRN complex increased but also ATM activation and Homologous recombination repair did not proceed properly. This means that these two deubiquitinases perform a redundant function of maintaining the stability of the MRN complex dependent on RecQL4. In addition, as a result of examining the mechanism of binding of the double strand breaks site of USP2, it was confirmed that USP2 binds to the double strand breaks site dependent on RecQL4, and that binding requires the activity of ATM kinase. This study found a new deubiquitinase that contributes to the stability of the MRN complex dependent on RecQL4 in the cellular response to DNA double strand breaks. In addition, it has a great significance in that this study has provided clues to understand the symptoms of RTS syndrome and suggest treatments by contributing to the investigation of the intracellular function of RecQL4.제 1 μž₯ μ„œ λ‘  1 1.1 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 1 1.2 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 및 연ꡬ λͺ©ν‘œ 5 제 2 μž₯ 연ꡬ 방법 및 재료 8 제 3 μž₯ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό 14 1.1 MRN λ³΅ν•©μ²΄μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ νƒˆμœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ν™”νš¨μ†Œ 선별 14 1.2 DNA μˆ˜μ„ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ νƒˆμœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ν™”νš¨μ†Œ USP2의 κΈ°λŠ₯ 20 1.3 νƒˆμœ λΉ„ν€΄ν‹΄ν™”νš¨μ†Œ USP2의 이쀑가λ‹₯ μ ˆλ‹¨λΆ€μœ„ κ²°ν•© κΈ°μ „ 27 제 4 μž₯ λ…Όμ˜ 31 제 5 μž₯ μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 34Maste

    λ‚˜μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

    No full text
    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :λ―Έμˆ λŒ€ν•™ λ―Έμˆ ν•™κ³Ό,2020. 2. μž„μžν˜.My work visualizes the daily experience based on the Internet Media. It records the interaction with the data created by others in that the relationship between me and the world in online space is regarded as the movement of information. Media experience is characterized by quick empathy and oblivion, resulting in ambivalent feelings of guilt and freedom. The content of experience is visualized by a collage using downloaded images. My attitude toward the data reflected on the collage work can be summarized into three categories: I entirely empathize with the data; I guess thoughts and emotions of data creators even though I cannot clearly understand them; and I reserve the acceptance of information and I can break away from the context of the relationship. The work on Post Internet culture follows a certain process of visualization. First, visual creation is driven by texts from social media platforms. Next, I compile a digital collage of the images delivered at the same time of reading those texts. Lastly, the collage image is physically printed and displayed in real space. These mechanisms create distracting elements eliciting disunity in my work. For example, the narratives of work refuse a simple succinct summarization because they each refer to contents from differing texts. In addition, the data collage is visually diffused with multiple frames inside the entire image frame, non-linear composition, and numerous obscure sections of accumulated images. Also, viewers appreciation of the artwork is hampered by changes in the medium employed, from paper to texts, to lights, and sounds. In short, my work representing the distracting Internet culture does not give a single organized and balance perspective from multiple elements but results in the dispersibility of work. This thesis includes the process of solving questions arising in relation to the dispersibility of the work. I study how disparate factors are connected in my work and what they reveal in terms of meaning. By my choice, dispersive things are collected and converged into the fragmentary expression of an artist. This writing reveals the generative process, backgrounds, and meanings of this dispersibility. Also, repeated creating mechanisms can be regarded as a voluntary restriction of artistic freedom. This writing studies the reasons and backgrounds of employing and following the concrete rules. In addition, I have found what cannot be explained with my artistic beliefs and theoretical knowledge that I have relied on. This have remained although I could not explain it. This thesis identifies it caused by my intuitive decisions and the relation between the artwork and my knowledge. Though this analysis, I reveal the meaning of the mechanism and dispersibility of my work. For this, I refer to theories of the contemporary art and digital media. When interpreted according to this theoretical framework, my work of quoting social media texts indicates not the Postmodernism plurality but global coexistence. In other words, giving the power to construct narratives to others does not suggest the failure of Modernisms subject but rather reflect the Contemporary ego who is closely related with others from different temporalities. Additionally, the fragmentary collage is neither an imitation of a traditional physical collage nor of Postmodern deconstruction. It represents the nature of current culture with its specific ways of expression and full of references. Furthermore, the digital printing of the virtual images, arbitrary changing of papers, and the juxtaposition of different media in exhibition comes after careful consideration of the way digital data exists. The physical aspects in exhibition sites are temporally materialized and reflects the circumstance with simultaneous stimulus of information. The results of the inquiry show that the subjective expression of the interconnected ego reflected the dispesibility of contemporaneity and display the fact that the way of fragmentary collage is recursively determined by my interest in Post internet culture. In addition, my consideration of the contemporaneity and current culture resulted in the form of segmental exhibition. The analysis of work leads to my opinion about the current times and art. First, the solid constructing mechanism reflects the characteristic of the current era, where rules and forms can be emphasized over content. Second, the fragmentary work presents the possibility of a current digital culture which is segmental, so flexible and containable of different things. In other words, the work shows the basis of an era in which imagination, subjectivity and expression can be freely expressed, going beyond the cognitive framework of a single logic. Arising from this fact, my artwork can be expanded from that of personal expression to encompass the subject of temporality and formativeness of art in general.λ‚˜λŠ” 일상 μƒν™œμ—μ„œ 인터넷 λ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©° κ²½ν—˜ν•œ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ‹œκ°ν™”ν•œλ‹€. 정보 κ²½ν—˜μ€ 정보 수용자의 λΉ λ₯Έ 곡감과 망각을 νŠΉμ§•μœΌλ‘œ ν•œλ‹€. 그둜 인해 λ‚˜λŠ” νƒ€μΈμ˜ 일을 μ‰½κ²Œ μžŠμ–΄λ²„λ €μ„œ 생긴 죄책감과 κ·Έκ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ²—μ–΄λ‚¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λŠλΌλŠ” μžμœ λ‘œμ›€μ˜ 양가적 감정을 κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. νƒ€μΈμ˜ 데이터에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‚˜μ˜ λ°˜μ‘μ€ μΈν„°λ„·μ—μ„œ νšλ“ν•œ 이미지λ₯Ό 잘라 λΆ™μž„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κ΅¬μ²΄ν™”λœλ‹€. ν•©μ„±μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ¬Όμ—μ„œ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜λŠ” νƒœλ„λŠ” μ„Έ 가지 μœ ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜λ  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λŠ” νƒ€μΈμ˜ κΈ€κ³Ό 이미지에 μ™„μ „νžˆ κ³΅κ°ν•˜μ—¬ λ‚˜μ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 있고, μ „λΆ€ 이해할 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ μƒλŒ€μ˜ 생각과 μ •μ„œλ₯Ό μΆ”μΈ‘ν•  수 있으며, μ •λ³΄μ˜ μˆ˜μš©μ„ μœ λ³΄ν•˜λ©° κ΄€κ³„μ˜ μž₯μ—μ„œ μ΄νƒˆν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이처럼 인터넷 문화에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‚˜μ˜ μž‘μ—…μ€ μΌμ •ν•œ 과정에 따라 μ§„ν–‰λœλ‹€. λ¨Όμ € λ‚˜λŠ” μ†Œμ…œ 미디어에 κ²Œμ‹œλœ ν…μŠ€νŠΈλ₯Ό κ³„κΈ°λ‘œ μ‘°ν˜• ν–‰μœ„λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•œλ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ ν…μŠ€νŠΈμ˜ κ²½ν—˜ μ‹œ ν•¨κ»˜ μ „λ‹¬λœ μ΄λ―Έμ§€λ‘œ 데이터 콜라주λ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•œλ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 합성을 마친 디지털 이미지λ₯Ό ν”„λ¦°νŠΈν•˜μ—¬ 물리적 곡간에 μ œμ‹œν•œλ‹€. 이와 같은 μ‘°ν˜• 방식은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ 뢄산적인 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ λ°œμƒμ‹œν‚¨λ‹€. ꡬ체적으둜 μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ λ‚΄λŸ¬ν‹°λΈŒλŠ” λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ ν™”μžλ“€μ„ μ°¨λ‘€λ‘œ μΈμš©ν•˜μ—¬ 계속 λ³€ν™”ν•œλ‹€. 화면은 μ—¬λŸ¬ 개의 ν”„λ ˆμž„κ³Ό λΉ„μ„ ν˜•μ μΈ λ°©ν–₯으둜 μ€‘μ²©λœ 이미지λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λ©° 파편적으둜 보이게 λœλ‹€. 디지털 ν”„λ¦°νŠΈμ˜ μ „μ‹œμ—λŠ” μƒμ΄ν•œ 쒅이와 ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄ λ³‘μΉ˜λ˜μ–΄ μ‹œμ„ μ€ 차이둜 ν–₯ν•˜κ³  이미지λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ 집쀑은 뢄산될 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ 말해 λ‚˜λŠ” λ‚΄κ°€ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” μΌμƒμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ— 따라 μž‘ν’ˆμ— μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•˜λŠ”λ° 그듀을 λ‹¨μΌν•˜κ²Œ νŽΈμ§‘ν•˜μ—¬ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ μž‘ν’ˆμ—μ„œ μΌκ΄€μ„±λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” κ°œλ³„μ„±μ΄ λ‘λ“œλŸ¬μ§€κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 상황이 λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. λ‚˜λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ λΆ„μ‚°μ„±κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ 생긴 μ˜λ¬Έμ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•œλ‹€. λ¨Όμ € ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό μ‘°ν˜• λ°©μ‹μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜ν•œ 이질적인 것듀이 μž‘ν’ˆ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 무엇을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—°κ²°λ˜κ³  μ–΄λ–€ 것을 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό νƒκ΅¬ν•œλ‹€. λ‚΄κ°€ μž‘κ°€λ‘œμ„œ λ‚΄λ¦° 선택은 μƒμ΄ν•œ 것듀을 ν•œ μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ 파편적인 μš”μ†Œλ‘œ μˆ˜λ ΄ν•˜λŠ”λ° κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 양상, κ·Όκ±°, 의미λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λŠ” 것이닀. 또, κ³ μ •λœ μ‘°ν˜• 방식은 자발적인 μ œμ•½μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λŠ” μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ λ‚΄μš©, ν˜•μ‹, μ œμ‹œμ— μžˆμ–΄ λ™μΌν•œ 방법을 λ°˜λ³΅ν•˜λ©° μΌμ’…μ˜ κ²¬κ³ ν•œ ν‘œν˜„μ˜ 체계λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“ λ‹€. μž‘μ—…μ€ 그것을 λ”°λ₯΄λ©° μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ”λ° 그처럼 자유λ₯Ό μ œν•œν•˜λŠ” 선택이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” λ°”λ₯Ό μ—°κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€. κ·Έ 외에도 μž‘μ—…μ˜ 결과물이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 것이 λ‚΄κ°€ 이전뢀터 κ·Όκ±°ν•˜μ—¬ 온 지식과 μΆ©λŒν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 보일 λ•Œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λŠ” 그것이 λ‚΄κ°€ μ•Œκ³  있던 바와 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 연결될 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μΆ”μ ν•œλ‹€. κ·Έλ₯Ό 톡해 μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²¬κ³ ν•œ μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ μ‘°ν˜• 체계와 뢄산성이 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” λ°”λ₯Ό 규λͺ…ν•œλ‹€. 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ‚˜λŠ” 미술의 λ™μ‹œλŒ€μ„±κ³Ό 디지털 맀체 이둠을 μ°Έκ³ ν•œλ‹€. 그듀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ λ‚˜μ˜ μž‘μ—…μ΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ ν™”μžλ₯Ό μΈμš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 포슀트 λͺ¨λ”λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ˜ 닀원성이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 주체의 곡쑴 상황을 μ§€μ‹œν•œλ‹€. 즉, λ‚΄κ°€ νƒ€μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ 이미지 λ‚΄μš©μ˜ κ²°μ •κΆŒμ„ λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 것은 주체 κ°œλ…μ˜ ν—ˆκ΅¬μ„±μ„ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•¨μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„μ„±μ„ 배경으둜 ν•˜λŠ” μ‘΄μž¬λ“€κ³Ό μ—°λ™ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μžμ•„λ₯Ό μ „μ œλ‘œ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. 또, 파편적 데이터 μ½œλΌμ£ΌλŠ” 과거의 물리적 콜라주λ₯Ό 디지털 맀체둜 λ‹΅μŠ΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄λ―Έμ§€μ˜ 뢄열을 κ°€μ†ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€. 그것은 λ°œν™” 방식, μ°Έμ‘° 관계, μ •λ³΄μ˜ 곡쑴을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ ν‘œν˜„ν•œ 결과둜 포슀트 인터넷 문화에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‚˜μ˜ κ΄€μ‹¬μ—μ„œ μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ ν˜•μ‹μ΄ μž¬κ·€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ 보여쀀닀. λ˜ν•œ, 가상 이미지λ₯Ό ν”„λ¦°νŠΈν•¨μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ λ‚΄κ°€ μž„μ˜λ‘œ 쒅이λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈκ³  λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œμ²­κ° μžκ·Ήμ„ λ³‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 ν˜„μ‘΄μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μƒκ°ν•œ 결과이닀. μž‘μ—…μ€ 데이터가 μž μ •μ μœΌλ‘œλ§Œ λ¬Όν™”ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀과 μ£Όμ²΄μ—κ²Œ λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ 자극이 λ™μ‹œμ— μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 문화적 상황을 λ“œλŸ¬λ‚Έλ‹€. 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 톡해 λ‚˜λŠ” μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ 뢄산성이 μ‹œλŒ€μ™€ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€. 싀쑴적인 κ²½ν—˜μ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μž‘μ—…ν•˜λŠ” 것은 κ±°λŒ€ λ‹΄λ‘ μ˜ λ…Όλ¦¬λ‚˜ κ²€μ—΄μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜ 자유둭고 ꡬ체적인 ν‘œν˜„μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”λ° λ‚˜λŠ” μΌμƒμ˜ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ κ²½ν—˜μ„ κΈ°λ‘ν•˜λ©° μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 징후λ₯Ό κ°€μ‹œν™”ν•˜κ³  λ¬Έν™”μ˜ 풍경을 μž¬ν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 또, κ²¬κ³ ν•œ μ°½μž‘ μ²΄κ³„λŠ” ν˜•μ‹μ΄ λ‚΄μš©λ³΄λ‹€ 강쑰될 수 μžˆλŠ” μ§€κΈˆ μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ„ 보여쀀닀. λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ³  λΆ„μ ˆλ˜μ–΄ λͺ¨ν˜Έν•΄μ§„ μ˜λ―Έλ³΄λ‹€ μΌμ •ν•˜κ²Œ λ°˜λ³΅λ˜λŠ” ν‘œν˜„μ˜ 체계가 더 λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ 인지될 수 μžˆλŠ” 것이닀. 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ λ‚˜λŠ” μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ 뢄산성이 μœ μ—°ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 것을 μˆ˜λ ΄ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ™μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 문화와 미술의 κ°€λŠ₯성을 보여쀀닀고 μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€. λ‹¨μΌν•œ 논리와 μ—„κ²©ν•œ 인식적 ν‹€μ˜ μ œν•œμ΄ 사라지고 λΆ„μ ˆμ μΈ ν‘œν˜„μ˜ 체계가 μ΅μˆ™ν•΄μ§μ— 따라 μ£Όμ²΄λŠ” μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것을 자유둭게 ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” κ°œλ…μ μ΄κ³  이성적인 νƒœλ„μ— μ˜ν•΄ μœ„μΆ•λ  수 μžˆλŠ” μ£Όκ΄€κ³Ό μƒμƒμ˜ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ 강화될 수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•˜κ³  λ³€ν™”ν•œ 문화적 ν† λŒ€λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜ 개인적이고 직관적인 ν‘œν˜„μ€ 미술 일반의 λ…Όμ œλ‘œ ν™•μž₯될 수 μžˆλ‹€.β… . μ„œλ‘  1 1. 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒ 및 λͺ©μ  1 2. 연ꡬ λ‚΄μš© 및 방법 2 β…‘. μΌμƒμ—μ„œμ˜ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ κ²½ν—˜ 5 1. 인터넷 κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œμ˜ 일상적 κ²½ν—˜ 5 2. λ―Έλ””μ–΄ κ²½ν—˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 양가적 감정 17 3. μ΄λ―Έμ§€μ˜ μ „μš© 26 4. 곡감의 정도에 λ”°λ₯Έ 정보 수용의 νƒœλ„ 38 β…’. μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ λΆ„μ‚°μ„± 47 1. 포슀트 인터넷 문화에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‘°ν˜•μ  μ‹€ν—˜ 47 2. μ‘°ν˜•μ˜ κ³Όμ •κ³Ό 뢄산적인 μš”μ†Œμ˜ λ°œμƒ 50 3. μž‘ν’ˆμ˜ 뢄산성에 λŒ€ν•œ 의문 57 β…£. λ‹€μˆ˜ ν™”μžμ˜ 이질적 λ‚΄λŸ¬ν‹°λΈŒ 61 1. μ—¬λŸ¬ ν™”μžμ˜ 인용과 μ°½μž‘μ˜ 주체 61 2. λ―Έμˆ μ—μ„œμ˜ 주체 κ°œλ… 73 3. λ™μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 주체둠 80 4. μ—°λ™ν•˜λŠ” μžμ•„μ™€ λ™μ‹œλŒ€μ„± 84 β…€. 파편적 데이터 콜라주 92 1. 콜라주의 νŒŒνŽΈμ„± 92 2. 디지털 μ½œλΌμ£Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ 쒅합적 κ³ μ°° 98 3. λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μˆ˜μ§‘ 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석적 κ³ μ°° 109 4. 데이터 콜라주의 문화적 지지체 120 β…₯. 뢄산적 μ „μ‹œ ꡬ성 125 1. 이미지λ₯Ό ν–₯ν•œ μ§‘μ€‘μ˜ λΆ„μ‚° 125 2. λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μž μ •μ  ν˜„μ‘΄μ„±κ³Ό 디지털 ν”„λ¦°νŠΈμ˜ ν˜•μ‹ 134 3. μƒμ΄ν•œ ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œμ˜ λ³‘μΉ˜ 145 β…¦. κ²°λ‘  156 μ°Έκ³  λ¬Έν—Œ 161 Abstract 167Docto

    Severe Acute Kidney Injury After Single-Dose Injection of Zoledronic Acid in an Elderly Patient

    No full text

    LSTM μ•Œκ³ λ¦¬μ¦˜ 기반 ν•œλ°˜λ„ κ·Όν•΄ ν•΄μˆ˜λ©΄ μ˜¨λ„μ™€ 고수온 예츑

    No full text
    Climate change caused by global warming has resulted in high water temperatures under the influence of continuous increases in sea surface temperature (SST). The severity of this phenomenon is rapidly increasing around the Korean Peninsula. SSTs play an important role in Earth systems. SST increases affect marine habitats and damage the marine environment, resulting in changes in fish species and damage to aquaculture and fisheries industries in coastal waters. As SST rises, seawater expands, accelerating sea level rise and causing coastal flooding; this can lead to loss of human life. Therefore, in this study, we designed a model to estimate SSTs and predict high water temperatures near the Korea Peninsula. To estimate SSTs, we used a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm, which is an artificial neural network model for time series data prediction. We used the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 SST data product for the region around the Korean Peninsula. The model was trained to estimate SSTs for 1 and 7 days. SSTs at β‰₯ 28Β°C were defined as high water temperatures. We evaluated the accuracy of the model for predicting SSTs using the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and evaluated high water temperatures using the F1 score and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The 1-day prediction model was used to estimate SSTs and high water temperatures on August 8, 2019 because high water temperatures are common in summer. The results showed that the predicted SSTs were consistent with observed data (R2 = 0.993, RMSE = 0.122Β°C, MAPE = 0.347%). The 7-day prediction model had lower accuracy than the 1-day model (R2 = 0.917, RMSE = 0.422Β°C, MAPE = 1.244%), with a difference between models of -0.28Β°C. Thus, SST underestimation increased with the length of the prediction period. The F1 scores of the 1- and 7-day prediction models were 0.965 and 0.882, respectively, and ROC data points were concentrated in the upper left corner for both models, indicating good high water temperature prediction accuracy.I. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research objective 6 1.3 Prior research 8 II. Data 10 2.1 Data 10 2.1.1 Data collection 10 2.1.2 Study area and parameters 12 2.2 Constructing the SST model 15 III. Model 20 3.1 LSTM 20 3.2 LSTM-based prediction model training 24 3.2.1 Training data analysis 24 3.2.2 LSTM-based SST prediction model 25 3.2.3 Training the SST prediction model 26 3.2.4 SST mapping 28 3.3 Hyper-parameters 30 3.4 Evaluation of prediction model accuracy 34 3.4.1 Evaluation of SST prediction accuracy 34 3.4.2 Evaluation of high water temperature classification accuracy 39 β…£. Results 44 4.1 SST estimates for August 8, 2019 44 4.1.1 SST estimates by prediction period 44 4.1.2 Prediction results of the 1- and 7-day forecasting models 46 4.2 Seasonal SSTs 49 4.2.1 Seasonal SST forecasting analysis 49 4.2.2 March 2019 SST forecasting analysis 54 4.2.3 June 2019 SST forecasting analysis 56 4.2.4 September 2019 SST forecasting analysis 58 4.2.5 December 2019 SST forecasting analysis 60 4.3 High water temperature detection 62 4.3.1 High water temperature classification model results by prediction period 62 4.3.2 High water temperature classification performance evaluation 65 β…€. Conclusion 67 References 70 Appendixβ…  76 Appendixβ…‘ 84Maste

    Deubiquitunating Enzyme XUCH37 Positively Regulates Wnt/b-catenin Signaling in Xenopus Head Formation

    No full text
    1

    Factors Effecting the Job Satisfaction of Public Safety and Disaster Emergency Officers: Job Risk, Job Pressure, Job Stress and Intrinsic Motivation

    No full text
    λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μž¬λ‚œμ•ˆμ „ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ 곡무원이 λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•œ 직무의 μœ„ν—˜κ³Ό μ••λ°• μ†μ—μ„œ 업무λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νŠΉμ„±μ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯μš”μΈμ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μž¬λ‚œ μ•ˆμ „λΆ„μ•Ό κ³΅λ¬΄μ›μ˜ μ—…λ¬΄νŠΉμ„±μΈ μ§λ¬΄μœ„ν—˜κ³Ό 직무압박에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ 두고 직무슀트레슀λ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μΆ”κ°€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄μž¬μ  λ™κΈ°μ˜ 쑰절효과λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ 정책적 λ°©ν–₯성을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석결과 μ§λ¬΄μœ„ν—˜κ³Ό 직무압박은 μ§λ¬΄μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€μ™€ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±μ— 뢀정적 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λ‚΄μž¬μ  λ™κΈ°λŠ” μ§λ¬΄μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€κ°€ μ§λ¬΄λ§Œμ‘±μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 뢀정적 영ν–₯을 μƒμ‡„ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μž¬λ‚œμ•ˆμ „ λΆ„μ•Ό κ³΅λ¬΄μ›μ˜ μ§λ¬΄ν™˜κ²½ 자체λ₯Ό λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것은 어렀움이 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ μ§λ¬΄μœ„ν—˜κ³Ό 직무압박을 쀄일 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” μ‘°μ§μ°¨μ›μ˜ 관리 λ…Έλ ₯이 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 변화에 μ†Œμš”λ˜λŠ” μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό λΉ„μš©μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•  λ•Œ λ‚΄μž¬μ  동기뢀여 μš”μΈμ„ ν†΅ν•œ 방식을 ν˜„μ‹€μ  λŒ€μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œμ„œ κ³ λ €ν•΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. μž¬λ‚œμ•ˆμ „ λΆ„μ•Ό κ³΅λ¬΄μ›μ˜ κ·Όλ¬΄ν™˜κ²½κ³Ό μ—­λŸ‰μ€ μΉ˜μ•ˆκ²½μŸλ ₯을 λ†’μ΄λŠ” ν•΅μ‹¬μš”μ†ŒλΌλŠ” μ μ—μ„œλ„ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•¨μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€
    corecore