17 research outputs found
Screening and functional studies of deubiquitinase that contributes to the stability of the MRN complex at DNA damage sites
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Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μ¬λ²λν κ³Όνκ΅μ‘κ³Ό(μλ¬Όμ 곡), 2020. 8. μ΄μ€κ·.μΈν¬ λ΄ DNA μ΄μ€κ°λ₯ μ λ¨μ λ
μ±μ΄ λ§€μ° ν¬κΈ° λλ¬Έμ μ μνκ³ μ ννκ² μμ λμ΄μΌ νλ€. RecQ helicase family μ€ νλμΈ RecQL4λ μ μ 체 μμ μ±μ μ€μνλ©°, λ³μ΄κ° μΌμ΄λλ©΄ Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome(RTS)λ±μ μ μ μ§νμ΄ λ°μνλ€. μ νμ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Ό, RecQL4λ μ΄μ€κ°λ₯ μ λ¨ λ°μμμ ν΅μ¬μ μΈ μν μ λ΄λΉνλ Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1(MRN) 볡ν©μ²΄μ μμ μ± μ μ§μ νμνλ©°, RecQL4μ MRN 볡ν©μ²΄ μμ μ± μ μ§ μμ©μλ νμ λΉν΄ν΄νν¨μμΈ USP28μ΄ κ΄μ¬νλ κ²μΌλ‘ νμΈλμλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ μμ μΈ μΈν¬μμ USP28μ κΈ°λ₯μ΄ μ΅μ λμ΄λ MRN 볡ν©μ²΄μ μμ μ±μλ μλ¬΄λ° λ³νκ° μμμΌλ©°, μ΄λ μλ‘μ΄ νμ λΉν΄ν΄νν¨μμ μ‘΄μ¬λ₯Ό μμ¬νλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ MRN 볡ν©μ²΄μ μμ μ±μ κΈ°μ¬νλ μλ‘μ΄ νμ λΉν΄ν΄νν¨μλ₯Ό μ λ³νκΈ° μν΄ νμ¬κΉμ§ μλ €μ§ 50μ¬ μ’
μ νμ λΉν΄ν΄νν¨μ μ€ DNA μμ, μΈν¬μ£ΌκΈ°, λ°μκ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ 10κ°μ νμ λΉν΄ν΄νν¨μλ₯Ό ν보 λ¨λ°±μ§λ‘ μ μ νμ¬ RecQL4μ κΈ°λ₯μ΄ μ΅μ λ μΈν¬μ νμ§μ£Όμ
ν ν λ©΄μμΌμλ²μΌλ‘ MRN 볡ν©μ²΄μ μμ μ±μ νμΈνμλ€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ°κ΅¬λμλ USP28μ νμ§μ£Όμ
ν κ²κ³Ό κ°μ΄ USP2λ₯Ό νμ§μ£Όμ
ν μΈν¬μμ MRN 볡ν©μ²΄μ μμ μ±μ΄ μ¦κ°νλ κ²μ νμΈνμλ€.
λν, USP2λ₯Ό κ³Όλ°νμν¨ μΈν¬μμλ RecQL4μ κ²°ν¨μ΄ μλ μΈν¬μμ κ΄μ°°λμλ ATM νμ±νμ μλμ¬μ‘°ν© μμ μ κ²°ν¨λ ν볡λ¨μ νμΈνμλ€. νΉν, RecQL4κ° λ°νλλ μ μμΈν¬μμ USP2μ USP28μ κΈ°λ₯μ κ°κ° μ΅μ νμμ λλ ATM νμ±νμ μλμ¬μ‘°ν© μμ μ΄ μν₯μ λ°μ§ μμμ§λ§, USP2μ USP28μ κΈ°λ₯μ λμμ μ΅μ νλ©΄ MRN 볡ν©μ²΄μ λΆμμ μ±μ΄ μ¦κ°νκ³ ATM νμ±νμ μλμ¬μ‘°ν© μμ μ΄ μ§νλμ§ μμμ κ΄μ°°νμλ€. μ΄λ μ΄ λ νμ λΉν΄ν΄ν ν¨μκ° RecQL4 μμ‘΄μ μΌλ‘ MRN 볡ν©μ²΄μ μμ μ± μ μ§μ κΈ°μ¬νλ μ€λ³΅λ κΈ°λ₯μ μνν¨μ μλ―Ένλ€. λν, USP2μ μ΄μ€κ°λ₯ μ λ¨ λΆμ κ²°ν© κΈ°μ μ μ‘°μ¬ν κ²°κ³Ό, USP2κ° RecQL4 μμ‘΄μ μΌλ‘ μ΄μ€κ°λ₯ μ λ¨ λΆμμ κ²°ν©νλ©°, κ·Έ κ²°ν©μλ ATM kinaseμ νμ±μ΄ νμν¨μ νμΈνμλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ DNA μ΄μ€κ°λ₯ μ λ¨μ λν μΈν¬λ°μμμ RecQL4 μμ‘΄μ μΌλ‘ MRN 볡ν©μ²΄μ μμ μ± μ μ§μ κΈ°μ¬νλ μλ‘μ΄ νμ λΉν΄ν΄νν¨μλ₯Ό μ°ΎμλμΌλ©°, RecQL4μ μΈν¬ λ΄ κΈ°λ₯ κ·λͺ
μ κΈ°μ¬νμ¬ RTS νμμ μ¦μμ μ΄ν΄νκ³ μΉλ£λ²μ μ μν μ μλ λ¨μλ₯Ό μ 곡νλ€λ μ μμ ν° μλ―Έκ° μλ€.Intracellular DNA double strand breaks are highly toxic and must be repaired quickly and accurately. RecQL4, one of the RecQ helicase family, is important for genome stability. The mutations in RecQL4 occurs, a genetic disorder called Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome (RTS). According to the previous studies, RecQL4 is required to maintain the stability of the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex, which plays a key role in DNA double strand breaks repair. Moreover, it was confirmed that USP28, a deubiquitination enzyme, is involved in maintenance of stability of the MRN complex of RecQL4. However, when the function of USP28 was inhibited in normal cells, there was no change in the stability of the MRN complex, suggesting the presence of a new other involved deubiquitinase.
In this study, in order to find new deubiquitinases that contribute to the stability of the MRN complex, 10 deubiquitinases related to DNA damage, DNA repair, and cell cycle among 50 deubiquitinases which known to date were selected as candidate proteins. Then, after the deubiquitinases were transfected into cells with RecQL4 function suppressed, the stability of the MRN complex was confirmed by immunostaining. As a result, it was confirmed that the stability of the MRN complex increased in cells transfected with USP2 as in the case of transfection with USP28, which was previously confirmed.
In addition, it was found that the cells overexpressing USP2 recovered the defects of ATM activation and homologous recombination observed in cells with RecQL4 defects. In particular, in cells that inhibited the functions of USP2 and USP28, respectively, in normal cells expressing RecQL4, ATM activation and homologous recombination repair were not affected. However, it was observed that in cells with the functions of USP2 and USP28 simultaneously inhibited, not only the instability of the MRN complex increased but also ATM activation and Homologous recombination repair did not proceed properly. This means that these two deubiquitinases perform a redundant function of maintaining the stability of the MRN complex dependent on RecQL4. In addition, as a result of examining the mechanism of binding of the double strand breaks site of USP2, it was confirmed that USP2 binds to the double strand breaks site dependent on RecQL4, and that binding requires the activity of ATM kinase.
This study found a new deubiquitinase that contributes to the stability of the MRN complex dependent on RecQL4 in the cellular response to DNA double strand breaks. In addition, it has a great significance in that this study has provided clues to understand the symptoms of RTS syndrome and suggest treatments by contributing to the investigation of the intracellular function of RecQL4.μ 1 μ₯ μ λ‘ 1
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1.2 DNA μμ κ³Όμ μμ νμ λΉν΄ν΄νν¨μ USP2μ κΈ°λ₯ 20
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Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :λ―Έμ λν λ―Έμ νκ³Ό,2020. 2. μμν.My work visualizes the daily experience based on the Internet Media. It records the interaction with the data created by others in that the relationship between me and the world in online space is regarded as the movement of information. Media experience is characterized by quick empathy and oblivion, resulting in ambivalent feelings of guilt and freedom. The content of experience is visualized by a collage using downloaded images. My attitude toward the data reflected on the collage work can be summarized into three categories: I entirely empathize with the data; I guess thoughts and emotions of data creators even though I cannot clearly understand them; and I reserve the acceptance of information and I can break away from the context of the relationship.
The work on Post Internet culture follows a certain process of visualization. First, visual creation is driven by texts from social media platforms. Next, I compile a digital collage of the images delivered at the same time of reading those texts. Lastly, the collage image is physically printed and displayed in real space.
These mechanisms create distracting elements eliciting disunity in my work. For example, the narratives of work refuse a simple succinct summarization because they each refer to contents from differing texts. In addition, the data collage is visually diffused with multiple frames inside the entire image frame, non-linear composition, and numerous obscure sections of accumulated images. Also, viewers appreciation of the artwork is hampered by changes in the medium employed, from paper to texts, to lights, and sounds. In short, my work representing the distracting Internet culture does not give a single organized and balance perspective from multiple elements but results in the dispersibility of work.
This thesis includes the process of solving questions arising in relation to the dispersibility of the work. I study how disparate factors are connected in my work and what they reveal in terms of meaning. By my choice, dispersive things are collected and converged into the fragmentary expression of an artist. This writing reveals the generative process, backgrounds, and meanings of this dispersibility. Also, repeated creating mechanisms can be regarded as a voluntary restriction of artistic freedom. This writing studies the reasons and backgrounds of employing and following the concrete rules. In addition, I have found what cannot be explained with my artistic beliefs and theoretical knowledge that I have relied on. This have remained although I could not explain it. This thesis identifies it caused by my intuitive decisions and the relation between the artwork and my knowledge. Though this analysis, I reveal the meaning of the mechanism and dispersibility of my work.
For this, I refer to theories of the contemporary art and digital media. When interpreted according to this theoretical framework, my work of quoting social media texts indicates not the Postmodernism plurality but global coexistence. In other words, giving the power to construct narratives to others does not suggest the failure of Modernisms subject but rather reflect the Contemporary ego who is closely related with others from different temporalities. Additionally, the fragmentary collage is neither an imitation of a traditional physical collage nor of Postmodern deconstruction. It represents the nature of current culture with its specific ways of expression and full of references. Furthermore, the digital printing of the virtual images, arbitrary changing of papers, and the juxtaposition of different media in exhibition comes after careful consideration of the way digital data exists. The physical aspects in exhibition sites are temporally materialized and reflects the circumstance with simultaneous stimulus of information.
The results of the inquiry show that the subjective expression of the interconnected ego reflected the dispesibility of contemporaneity and display the fact that the way of fragmentary collage is recursively determined by my interest in Post internet culture. In addition, my consideration of the contemporaneity and current culture resulted in the form of segmental exhibition. The analysis of work leads to my opinion about the current times and art. First, the solid constructing mechanism reflects the characteristic of the current era, where rules and forms can be emphasized over content. Second, the fragmentary work presents the possibility of a current digital culture which is segmental, so flexible and containable of different things. In other words, the work shows the basis of an era in which imagination, subjectivity and expression can be freely expressed, going beyond the cognitive framework of a single logic. Arising from this fact, my artwork can be expanded from that of personal expression to encompass the subject of temporality and formativeness of art in general.λλ μΌμ μνμμ μΈν°λ· λ―Έλμ΄λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλ©° κ²½νν λ΄μ©μ μκ°ννλ€. μ 보 κ²½νμ μ 보 μμ©μμ λΉ λ₯Έ 곡κ°κ³Ό λ§κ°μ νΉμ§μΌλ‘ νλ€. κ·Έλ‘ μΈν΄ λλ νμΈμ μΌμ μ½κ² μμ΄λ²λ €μ μκΈ΄ μ£μ±
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Abstract 167Docto
Severe Acute Kidney Injury After Single-Dose Injection of Zoledronic Acid in an Elderly Patient
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Climate change caused by global warming has resulted in high water temperatures under the influence of continuous increases in sea surface temperature (SST). The severity of this phenomenon is rapidly increasing around the Korean Peninsula. SSTs play an important role in Earth systems. SST increases affect marine habitats and damage the marine environment, resulting in changes in fish species and damage to aquaculture and fisheries industries in coastal waters. As SST rises, seawater expands, accelerating sea level rise and causing coastal flooding; this can lead to loss of human life. Therefore, in this study, we designed a model to estimate SSTs and predict high water temperatures near the Korea Peninsula. To estimate SSTs, we used a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm, which is an artificial neural network model for time series data prediction. We used the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 SST data product for the region around the Korean Peninsula. The model was trained to estimate SSTs for 1 and 7 days. SSTs at β₯ 28Β°C were defined as high water temperatures. We evaluated the accuracy of the model for predicting SSTs using the coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and evaluated high water temperatures using the F1 score and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The 1-day prediction model was used to estimate SSTs and high water temperatures on August 8, 2019 because high water temperatures are common in summer. The results showed that the predicted SSTs were consistent with observed data (R2 = 0.993, RMSE = 0.122Β°C, MAPE = 0.347%). The 7-day prediction model had lower accuracy than the 1-day model (R2 = 0.917, RMSE = 0.422Β°C, MAPE = 1.244%), with a difference between models of -0.28Β°C. Thus, SST underestimation increased with the length of the prediction period. The F1 scores of the 1- and 7-day prediction models were 0.965 and 0.882, respectively, and ROC data points were concentrated in the upper left corner for both models, indicating good high water temperature prediction accuracy.I. Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Research objective 6
1.3 Prior research 8
II. Data 10
2.1 Data 10
2.1.1 Data collection 10
2.1.2 Study area and parameters 12
2.2 Constructing the SST model 15
III. Model 20
3.1 LSTM 20
3.2 LSTM-based prediction model training 24
3.2.1 Training data analysis 24
3.2.2 LSTM-based SST prediction model 25
3.2.3 Training the SST prediction model 26
3.2.4 SST mapping 28
3.3 Hyper-parameters 30
3.4 Evaluation of prediction model accuracy 34
3.4.1 Evaluation of SST prediction accuracy 34
3.4.2 Evaluation of high water temperature classification accuracy 39
β
£. Results 44
4.1 SST estimates for August 8, 2019 44
4.1.1 SST estimates by prediction period 44
4.1.2 Prediction results of the 1- and 7-day forecasting models 46
4.2 Seasonal SSTs 49
4.2.1 Seasonal SST forecasting analysis 49
4.2.2 March 2019 SST forecasting analysis 54
4.2.3 June 2019 SST forecasting analysis 56
4.2.4 September 2019 SST forecasting analysis 58
4.2.5 December 2019 SST forecasting analysis 60
4.3 High water temperature detection 62
4.3.1 High water temperature classification model results by prediction period 62
4.3.2 High water temperature classification performance evaluation 65
β
€. Conclusion 67
References 70
Appendixβ
76
Appendixβ
‘ 84Maste
Deubiquitunating Enzyme XUCH37 Positively Regulates Wnt/b-catenin Signaling in Xenopus Head Formation
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Factors Effecting the Job Satisfaction of Public Safety and Disaster Emergency Officers: Job Risk, Job Pressure, Job Stress and Intrinsic Motivation
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UCH37, deubiquitinase regulates activin/nodal signaling in mesoderm formation of Xenopus embryos
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