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    ๋‹ค์œ ์ „์ž์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„์™€ ๋น„์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 8. ํ•œ์›์‹.Background: To develop a breast cancer prediction model and stratify breast cancer risks for Korean women using published polygenic risk scores (PRSs) combined with non-genetic risk factors (NGRFs). Methods: Thirteen PRS models generated from single or multiple combinations of the Asian and European PRSs were evaluated among 20,434 Korean women. The area under the curve (AUC) and increase in odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) were compared for each PRS. The PRSs with the highest predictive performance were combined with NGRFs; then, an integrated prediction model was established using the iCARE tool. The progress in prediction power was assessed in terms of AUC and expected to observed (E/O) ratio. The absolute breast cancer risk was stratified for 18,142 women whose follow-up data were available. Results: PRS38_ASN+PRS190_EB, a combination of Asian and European PRSs, had the highest AUC (0.621) among PRSs, with an OR per SD increase of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.31-1.61). Compared with the average risk group (35-65%), women in the top 5% had a 2.5-fold higher risk of breast cancer. Incorporating NGRFs yielded a modest increase in the AUC of women aged >50 years (0.570 to 0.607 for ageโ‰ฅ50). For PRS38_ASN+PRS190_EB+NGRF, the average absolute risk was 5.06%. The lifetime absolute risk at age 80 years for women in the top 5% was 9.93%, whereas that of women in the lowest 5% was 2.22%. Women at higher risks were more sensitive to NGRF incorporation. Conclusion: Combined Asian and European PRSs were predictive of breast cancer in Korean women. Incorporation of NGRF further enhanced predictive performance in women aged >50. These findings support the use of these models for personalized screening and prevention of breast cancer. Significance: This study provides insights into genetic susceptibility and NGRFs for predicting breast cancer in Korean women.์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ: ์„œ๊ตฌํ™”๋œ ์ƒํ™œ์Šต๊ด€์˜ ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋กœ ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํžˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์€ ๋‹ค์ธ์„ฑ(multi-factorial) ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ, ์œ ์ „์  ์š”์ธ (genetic risk factor)๊ณผ ๋น„์œ ์ „์ (non-genetic)์š”์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‘ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ๋ฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์œ ์ „์  ์š”์ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์˜ ์œ ์ „ํ˜•์งˆ(genetic susceptibility)์„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ์—ผ๊ธฐ๋‹คํ˜•์„ฑ(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)์˜ ํ•ฉ(joint effect)์ธ ๋‹ค์œ ์ „์ž์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„(polygenic risk score)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์œ ์ „์ž์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„์™€ ๋น„์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ (published) ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ์˜ ๋‹ค์œ ์ „์ž์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ผ๊ณฑ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋‹ค์œ ์ „์ž์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ, 20,434 ๋ช…์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญํ˜• ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ์€ ๊ณก์„ ์•„๋ž˜๋ฉด์ (AUC)๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋‹น ์Šน์‚ฐ๋น„(OR per SD)๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„์— ๋‹ค์œ ์ „์ž์„ฑ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ๋น„์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž์ธ ํ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด 50์„ธ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ์ตœ์ข… ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ํ‰์ƒ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ (absolute risk)๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ผ๊ณฑ ๊ฐœ ๊ทธ๋ฃน (0-5%, 5-15%, 15-35%, 35-65%, 65-85%, 85-95%, 95-100%)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๋ น ๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„์™€ ๋น„์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋น„์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์ธ(์ˆ˜์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์š”์ธ)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: 13๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹ค์œ ์ „์ž์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ค‘ PRS38_ASN+PRS190_EB ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ AUC (0.521)์™€ OR per SD 1.45 (95%CI: 1.31-1.61)์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๊ณผ (35-65%) ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ 5% ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋Š” 2.5๋ฐฐ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋น„์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์œ ์ „์ž์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ 50์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ AUC๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. PRS38_ASN+PRS190_EB+NGRF(๋น„์œ ์ „ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ) ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋Š” 5.06%์˜€๋‹ค. 80์„ธ์˜ ํ‰์ƒ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋Š” ์ตœ์ƒ์œ„ 5%๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ 9.93%์˜€๋˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ตœํ•˜์œ„ 5% ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” 2.22% ์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์˜ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋น„์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ด ์ปค์ ธ์„œ, ์ƒํ™œ ์Šต๊ด€ ๊ต์ •์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ์˜ ๋‹ค์œ ์ „์ž์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚จ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์„ ์ž˜ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‹ค์œ ์ „์ž์„ฑ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ๋น„ ์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚จ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ: ํ•œ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„์œ ์ „์  ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.1.1 Breast cancer incidence in Korea 1 1.1.2 Breast cancer prediction models 1 1.1.3 Transferability of European models 3 1.2 Aims of the study 5 Chapter 2. Materials and Methods 6 2.1 Study design overview 9 2.2.1 Study populations 9 2.2.2 Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate 10 2.3 Genetic data acquisition 10 2.4 Construction of Breast Cancer Prediction Models 12 2.4.1 Construction of breast cancer PRS model 12 2.4.2 Models incorporating non-genetic risk factors 16 2.5 Statistical analysis 17 2.5.1 PRS association analysis and evaluatio of predictive performance 17 2.5.2 Estimation of the absolute risk of breast cancer according to PRS percentiles 19 Chapter 3. Results 21 3.1 Study population 21 3.2 Performance of PRS in the Korean population 21 3.3 Performance of the prediction model incorporating non-genetic risk factors 28 3.4 Absolute risk of breast cancer according to PRS percentiles 31 Chapter 4. Discussion 38 Chapter 5. Conclusion 46 References 47 Abstract in Korean 58 Acknowledgements 61๋ฐ•

    ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์†Œ๋น„์žํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 8. ๊น€๋‚œ๋„.์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์†Œ๋น„์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ์ •์‹ ์ถœ์‹œ ์ „, ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝํŒ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋œจ๊ฒ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์•ฝํŒ๋งค๋ž€ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์— ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ํ• ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์  ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌ์ „๋งˆ์ผ€ํŒ…์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค(๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๋ฃก ์™ธ, 1998). ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค๋Š” ์ถœ์‹œ ํ›„ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์›์ฒœ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฌ๋งคํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 1 : ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋น„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ–‰ํƒœ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 2 : ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋น„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ, ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ, ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 3 : ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ , ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ๋ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋น„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž 119๋ช… ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž 265๋ช…์œผ๋กœ, ์ด 384๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋น„๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๋ น๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ณ , ๋ฏธํ˜ผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ๋“์€ ํ•˜์œ„์ง‘๋‹จ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ 400๋งŒ ์› ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ์œ„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ–‰ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ IT์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์˜๋ฅ˜ยทํŒจ์…˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋„์„œยท์Œ๋ฐ˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์€ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. IT์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์  ํ˜œํƒ์ด ์—†์–ด๋„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์˜๋ฅ˜ยทํŒจ์…˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฌ์†Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์„œยท์Œ๋ฐ˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์€ ์ €์ž์˜ ์นœํ•„์‚ฌ์ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋น„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ, ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์œ„ํ—˜, ์ง„๋ถ€ํ™” ์œ„ํ—˜, ๊ตํ™˜ยทํ™˜๋ถˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋น„๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•˜์œ„ ์š”์ธ์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌยท์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ๋…ํŠน์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ, ์พŒ๋ฝยท๊ฐ๊ฐ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ๊ณผ์‹œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋น„๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋…ํŠน์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ, ์พŒ๋ฝยท๊ฐ๊ฐ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ๊ณผ์‹œ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์„œยท์Œ๋ฐ˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด IT์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง„๋ถ€ํ™” ์œ„ํ—˜์ด, ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์‹œ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ น, ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“, ํ•™๋ ฅ, ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋ฆฌยท์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ, ๋…ํŠน์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ, ์พŒ๋ฝยท๊ฐ๊ฐ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋Œ€ํ•™์žฌํ•™ ์ด์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค๋ฆฌยท์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋…ํŠน์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ์„ฑํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์พŒ๋ฝยท๊ฐ๊ฐ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, IT์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ค๋ฆฌยท์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์พŒ๋ฝยท๊ฐ๊ฐ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฅ˜ยทํŒจ์…˜๊ตฐ์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์ง„๋ถ€ํ™” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ฐํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์พŒ๋ฝยท๊ฐ๊ฐ์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์„œยท์Œ๋ฐ˜ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ์ง„๋ถ€ํ™” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ๋…ํŠน์„ฑ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ–‰๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋งค์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊นŠ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ 5 1. ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ์ •์˜ 5 2. ๊ตฌ๋งคํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค 7 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ๊ฐœ๋… ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 11 1. ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์™€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์–ด๋‚˜์šด์‹ฑ(preannouncing) 11 2. ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์™€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ตฌ๋งค 13 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 16 1. ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 16 2. ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 20 3. ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 25 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 26 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 26 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 27 1. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 27 2. ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 32 1. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 32 2. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 33 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌยทํ†ต๊ณ„์  ํŠน์„ฑ 34 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 36 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ–‰ํƒœ 36 1. ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋น„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ์ฐจ์ด ๋ถ„์„ 36 2. ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ 39 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 43 1. ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋น„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 43 2. ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋น„๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์˜ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 47 3. ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ง€๊ฐ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž์น˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ 51 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ 53 1. ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 53 2. ์ œํ’ˆ๊ตฐ๋ณ„ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ๊ตฌ๋งค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ ๋น„๊ต 56 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  62 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  62 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ•จ์˜์™€ ์ œ์–ธ 66 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 69 ๋ถ€๋ก 80 Abstract 87Maste

    Orientia tsutsugamushi ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 8. ์กฐ๋‚จํ˜.์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์„ ์ฒœ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ณผ ์ ์‘๋ฉด์—ญ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ•ญ์›์ œ์‹œ์„ธํฌ๋กœ์จ ํ•ญ์›ํŠน์ด ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ•ญ์› ํฌ์‹ ํ›„, ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์„ฑ์ˆ™๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ณ  ์„ธํฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฃผ์กฐ์ง์ ํ•ฉ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์™€ ๋ณด์กฐ์ž๊ทน ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ํ•ญ์›์„ ํฌํšํ•œ ํ›„ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๋ฆผํ”„์ ˆ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ญ์› ํŠน์ด ์ฒ˜๋…€ T ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฏ”์ฏ”๊ฐ€๋ฌด์‹œ๋ณ‘์˜ ๋ณ‘์›์ฒด์ธ ์ฏ”์ฏ”๊ฐ€๋ฌด์‹œ๊ท ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฏ”์ฏ”๊ฐ€๋ฌด์‹œ๊ท ์€ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ์„ธํฌ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜์–ด ์ฆ์‹ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธํฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ์ง์ ํ•ฉ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์™€ ๋ณด์กฐ์ž๊ทน ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์œ ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฏ”์ฏ”๊ฐ€๋ฌด์‹œ๊ท ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-6, ์ธํ„ฐ๋ฃจํ‚จ-12, MCP5, MIP-1ฮฑ, RANTES ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฏ”์ฏ”๊ฐ€๋ฌด์‹œ๊ท ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” LPS์ž๊ทน ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ CCL19์˜ ๋†๋„๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” 3D collagen matrix ์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ์ด๋™๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ฅ ๊ท€์˜ ์ง„ํ”ผ์ธต์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฆผํ”„๊ด€ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ด๋™๋Šฅ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ›ผ์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ in vivo ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋„ ์ฏ”์ฏ”๊ฐ€๋ฌด์‹œ๊ท ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์ฏ”์ฏ”๊ฐ€๋ฌด์‹œ๊ท ์ด ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ด๋™๋Šฅ ์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ์„ฑ์ˆ™์„ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œ์ผœ ํ•ญ์›ํŠน์ด์  ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํฌ์œ ๋™๋ฌผ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋“ค ์„ ์ฒœ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immune responses and play a pivotal role in triggering antigen-specific immunity. Antigen uptake by DC induces maturational changes that include increased surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and co-stimulatory molecules. In addition, DCs actively migrate to regional lymph nodes after capturing antigens and activate antigen-specific naรฏve T cells. In this study, I first characterized the functional interaction of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative of scrub typhus, with DCs differentiated from mouse bone marrow. O. tsutsugamushi efficiently infected bone marrow-derived DCs and induced surface expression of MHC and costimulatory molecules. DCs also secreted cytokines/chemokines such as IL-6, IL-12, MCP5, MIP-1ฮฑ, and RANTES. In contrast, in vitro migration of BMDCs in the presence of CCL19 gradient within 3D collagen matrix was impaired when infected with O. tsutsugamushi. The infected cells migrated much less efficiently into lymphatic vessels of ear dermis ex vivo when compared to LPS-stimulated BMDCs. Furthermore, in vivo migration assays showed that migration of O. tsutsugamushi-infected DCs to the regional lymph nodes were drastically impaired and similar to those of immature DCs. These results suggest that O. tsutsugamushi can target DCs to delay or impair the functional maturation of DCs, but exploit the sentinel cells as replication reservoirs in the early phase of infection in mammals.Abstract i Contents ii List of tables and figures iii List of abbreviations and symbols iv Introduction 1 Material and Methods 5 Results 12 Discussion 28 References 34 Abstract in Korean 40Maste

    ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค ์ž…์†Œ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ๊น€ํ™์ˆ˜.์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ‰์†ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ธ์‹์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๊ณ  ๊ตญ์†Œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋๋˜ ๋…ธ์ธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ง€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ž„์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค ์ž…์†Œ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์ž…์†Œํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2013๋…„์— ์ „๊ตญ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ 91๊ฐœ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…์†Œ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘ ์‹œ์„ค ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ 2์ฐจ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๋…ธ์ธ 1,469๋ช…์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ†ต์ฆ๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐ ์œ ๋ฌด๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‹๋‹จ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ•„์š”์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์šธ์€ ์šฐ์šธ์ฒ™๋„์ ์ˆ˜(Depression Rating Scale)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„, ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ž…์†Œ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ 27.37%๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ†ต์ฆ๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์€ 26%์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 42.6%์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์šธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋†’์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ž ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ๋…ธ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ†ต์ฆ๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ†ต์ฆ๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐ–์— ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๋“ฑ๊ธ‰, ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ธ์ง€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•ํ†ต์ฆ๊ณผ ์ €์ž‘๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ์ธ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฐ์šธ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์šฐ์šธ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์— ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๋“ฑ๊ธ‰, ์ž…์†Œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„. ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์šฐ์šธ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค ์ž…์†Œ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ์™€ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค ์ž…์†Œ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œ๊ณต๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๋ณด๊ฑด์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 4 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘์ž…์†Œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ• 4 1. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ •์˜์™€ ์ธก์ • 4 2. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 6 3. ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์ฃผ์š” ์ด์Šˆ 10 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค ์ž…์†Œ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ 13 1. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ 13 2. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ 16 1) ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ 16 2) ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์šฐ์šธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ 18 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  23 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 25 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 25 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 25 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 27 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 29 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ 29 2. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 30 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 31 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 31 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํŠน์„ฑ 31 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ 31 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํŠน์„ฑ 33 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ 35 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ 37 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ(๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰) 37 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ(๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€) 39 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 41 1. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„(๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰) 41 2. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„(๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€) 43 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 45 1. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„(๋‹จ๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰) 45 2. ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์„ญ์ทจ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์šฐ์šธ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„(๋‹ค์ˆ˜์ค€) 47 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 49 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 59 Abstract 67Maste

    Effect of dopamine on the image quality of excretory urography and the prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in dogs ๊ฐœ์—์„œ dopamine์ด ๋ฐฐ์„ค์„ฑ ์š”๋กœ์กฐ์˜์ˆ ์˜ ์˜์ƒ๊ณผ ์กฐ์˜์ œ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์‹ ์ฆ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์˜์™ธ๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต (๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ํ•™),2000.Maste

    ์ž„์‹  ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์œ ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋ฏธ ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ ์ž์† ์ฅ์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ, 2012. 8. ๊ถŒ์˜ํ˜œ.๋ชจ์ฒด์˜ ์˜์–‘์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ํƒœ์•„์˜ ์ƒ์•  ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ž์†์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ธฐ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋Œ€๋‘๋‹จ๋ฐฑ (SPI)๋Š” ์นด์ œ์ธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ (CAS)๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ด์†Œํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณธ์„ ํ•จ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์‹ ๊ณผ ์•„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋‹Œ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ์˜ค๋‹Œ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋ชจ์ฒด์˜ SPI ์„ญ์ทจ๊ฐ€ ์ž์†์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด์†Œํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณธ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ SPI๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ์–ด๋ฏธ ์ฅ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ›„ 3์ฃผ๋ น์˜ ์ž์† ์ฅ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ์‹์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด์†Œํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณธ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋œ SPI์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ์ž„์‹  ์ „ 2์ฃผ, ์ž„์‹ ๊ธฐ, ์ˆ˜์œ ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์— ์–ด๋ฏธ ์ฅ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์†Œํ”Œ๋ผ๋ณธ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์€ SPI๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋ฏธ ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ธ‰์›์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž์† ์ฅ์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ„์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. 7์ฃผ๋ น์˜ SD์ข… ์•”์ปท ์ฅ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ 1์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ ์‘์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹์ด ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‘ ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ž„์‹  ์ „ 2์ฃผ, ์ž„์‹ ๊ธฐ, ์ˆ˜์œ ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ AIN-93G ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์— ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๊ธ‰์›์ด CAS ๋˜๋Š” SPI์ธ ์‹์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถœ์‚ฐ ํ›„ ์ƒํ›„ 3์ฃผ๋ น์˜ ์ˆ˜์ปท ์ž์† ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ฏธ ์ฅ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ chow diet๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  1์ฃผ์ผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ์‘๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ƒํ›„ 4์ฃผ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ„์•”์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์•”์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์„œ diethylnitrosamine (50 mg/kg body weight) ์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ (DEN group, n = 10)๊ณผ 0.9% NaCl์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ (CON group, n = 6)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ํ›„ ์ฃผ 1ํšŒ ๋ณต๊ฐ•ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋ฅผ 14์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ›„ 1์ฃผ์ผ์˜ ์œ ๋„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์ปท ์ž์† ์ฅ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ณผ ๊ฐ„์„ ์ ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ SPI/DEN๊ตฐ์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œก์•ˆ์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ tumor multiplicity๊ฐ€ SPI/DEN๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. H&E์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ„์•” ์ง„๋‹จ์—์„œ ์—ญ์‹œ CAS/DEN๊ตฐ๊ณผ SPI/DEN๊ตฐ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 11.1%์™€ 71.4%์˜ ๊ฐ„์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์œ ์˜์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ gamma-glutamyltransferase์™€ ๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์ง ํŠน์ด์  ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ธ liver-fatty acid binding protein์˜ ์ธก์ •์—์„œ SPI/DEN๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„์•” ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋†’์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ„์•”์˜ ์ „์ด์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” matrix metalloproteinase-9์˜ mRNA๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ DEN ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ ์–ด๋ฏธ ์ฅ๊ฐ€ SPI์‹์ด๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์œ ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ proliferating cell nuclear antigen์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ CAS/DEN๊ตฐ๊ณผ SPI/DEN๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์ง€ํ‘œ์ธ cleaved caspase-3 ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ SPI/DEN๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ž„์‹ ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์œ ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋ฏธ ์ฅ์˜ SPI ์„ญ์ทจ๋Š” ์ž์† ์ฅ์˜ ๊ฐ„์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.Maternal nutrition has been reported to program the offsprings susceptibility to later development of chronic diseases. Because the liver has a major role in coordinating metabolism, changes in liver phenotype may be involved in the development of certain disease in later life. Soy protein isolate (SPI) has isoflavone and low methionine. Previous studies using SPI have mostly focused on the effect of maternal consumption of isoflavone on chronic diseases of adult offspring. Although amino acid composition of SPI is possible to affect the phenotype of the disease, it has not been established that whether the amino acid composition of SPI affects hepatocarcinogenesis in male adult rat offspring. Therefore, we investigated the effect of maternal consumption of a low-isoflavone SPI during pregnancy and lactation on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male adult rat offspring. Female SD rats were fed purified AIN-93G diets with casein or SPI as the sole protein source for 2 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation. At the 3 weeks of age, male offspring were separated from their dams and weaned to a chow-diet throughout the study. From 4 weeks of age, offspring were divided into 4 groups: CAS/CON (offspring rats of dams fed a casein diet received 0.9% NaCl, n = 6)CAS/DEN (offspring rats of dams fed a casein diet received DEN, n = 10)SPI/CON (offspring rats of dams fed a SPI diet and received 0.9% NaCl, n = 6)SPI/DEN (offspring rats of dams fed a casein diet received DEN, n = 10). Injections of DEN at 50 mg/kg body weight were provided once a week for 14 weeks to induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We observed higher mortality rate and tumor multiplicity compared with the CAS/DEN group. Based on histological examination, HCC incidence was higher in the SPI/DEN group compared with the CAS/DEN group, although we did not find significant differences in histological grade of inflammation, necrosis, steatosis, and fibrosis. In serum analysis, DEN significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in the SPI group only, but not in the CAS group. As evidenced by a higher serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and a lower hepatic liver-fatty acid binding protein level, we confirmed a higher incidence of HCC in the SPI/DEN group relative to CAS/DEN group. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, an important maker reflecting HCC invasion, showed a significant increase in the SPI/DEN group. However, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a cell proliferation marker, was not significantly different between the CAS/DEN and SPI/DEN groups. Contrary to this, the SPI/DEN group showed decreased expression of cleaved caspase-3, which indicates decreased cell apoptosis. These results demonstrated that maternal consumption of SPI during pregnancy and lactation promotes DEN-induced HCC in rat offspring.Contents Abstract----------------------------------------------โ…ฐ Contents----------------------------------------------โ…ณ List of Figures---------------------------------------โ…ต List of Tables----------------------------------------โ…ท List of Abbreviations---------------------------------โ…ธ Introduction -----------------------------------------1 Review of literatures---------------------------------1 Fetal programming by maternal nutrition --------------1 Offsprings liver development and maternal nutrition--4 Maternal soy protein consumption and offsprings cancer -----------------------------------------------5 Diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma---8 Aim of this study------------------------------------10 Materials and Methods--------------------------------11 Diets------------------------------------------------11 Animals----------------------------------------------11 Serum biochemistry analysis--------------------------15 The observation of nodules on surface of liver --------------------------------------------------------------15 Histological analysis--------------------------------15 Measurement of hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level-----------------------------17 Liver protein extraction and Western blotting analysis-------------------------------------------------------17 Total RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis-----------------------------------18 Statistical analysis---------------------------------19 Results----------------------------------------------21 Effect of maternal diet on mortality rate and body weight in DEN-treated rat offspring------------------21 Effect of maternal diet on final body, organ and relative organ weight in DEN-treated rat offspring ----------------------------------------------------------23 Effect of maternal diet on nodule development in DEN-treated rat offsprin---------------------------------25 Effect of maternal diet on histological changes in DEN-treated rat offspring--------------------------------28 Effect of maternal diet on HCC incidence in DEN-treated rat offspring----------------------------------------32 Effect of maternal diet on serum biochemical parameters and hepatic protein level in DEN-treated rat offspring-------------------------------------------------------34 Effect of maternal diet on the progression of HCC in DEN-treated rat offspring----------------------------36 Effect of maternal diet on oxidative stress in DEN-treated rat offspring--------------------------------40 Effect of maternal diet on inflammation in DEN-treated rat offspring----------------------------------------44 Effect of maternal diet on cell proliferation and apoptosis in DEN-treated rat offspring---------------47 Summary of results ----------------------------------51 Discussion ------------------------------------------54 Reference -------------------------------------------60 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก----------------------------------------------68Maste

    ๋…ธ์Šคํƒ ํŽ‘ํฌํ‹ฐํฌ๋ฅด๋ฉ” ์œ ๋ž˜์˜ ๋””๋ธŒ๋žœ์นญ ํšจ์†Œ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ทœ๋ช…๊ณผ ์‘์šฉ

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    Thesis(doctors) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋†์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2009.2.Docto

    (The) performance of QI Programs in general hospitals.

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    ๋ณด๊ฑดํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ(QI) ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ QI ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ณ‘์›ํ˜‘ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•œ ์ „๊ตญ๋ณ‘์›๋ช…๋ถ€ ์ค‘ ์ „๊ตญ 264๊ฐœ์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2001๋…„ 10์›” 27์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 11์›” 10์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐํŽธ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ์ข…๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” 59๊ฐœ ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์‘๋‹ต์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ QI ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ, ์ž„์ƒ์ง„๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆํ–ฅ์ƒ, ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ, Risk Management์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด 52๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” SPSS ํ†ต๊ณ„ Package๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ QI ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, QI ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์‹œํ–‰๊ณผ ์‹œํ–‰ ํ›„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋นˆ๋„๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‘๋‹ต๋ณ‘์›์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, QI ์‹œํ–‰์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ–‰ ํ›„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ •๋„์™€ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ T-TEST ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.1. ์‘๋‹ต๋ณ‘์›์˜ QI ์‚ฌ์—…์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์‹œํ–‰๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ 80.4%์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ 66.1%, ์ž„์ƒ์ง„๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ 62.4%, ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ 54.2%, Risk Management ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ 39.9%์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2. QI ์‚ฌ์—…๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œํ–‰๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์‹œํ–‰ ํ›„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์ด ์นœ์ ˆ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์นœ์ ˆ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์—๋Š” ๋งŒ์กฑ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ฃผ์น˜์˜์˜ ์นœ์ ˆ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์—๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜์ž ๊ธ‰์‹ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์ž„์ƒ์ง„๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์‹œํ–‰๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‘œ์ค€์ง„๋ฃŒ์ง€์นจ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ Critical Pathway ์ •์ฐฉํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ณผ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๊ณผ QI ์‚ฌ์—…์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์žฌ์ดฌ์˜๊ฑด์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์žฌ์›์ผ์ˆ˜ ๋‹จ์ถ• ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, Risk Management ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ž ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3. QI ์‚ฌ์—…์ฃผ์ œ ์‹œํ–‰์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๋ณ‘์› ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ T-TESTํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, QI ์‚ฌ์—… ํ™œ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 2๋…„๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค 2๋…„์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ, ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ, ์ž„์ƒ์ง„๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ, ์—…๋ฌดํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ, ๋น„์šฉ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ž„์ƒ์ง„๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.4. QI ์‹œํ–‰ํ›„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ •๋„์™€ ๋ณ‘์› ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ T-TESTํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, QI ์‚ฌ์—… ํ™œ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 2๋…„๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ผ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค 2๋…„์ด์ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ, ์ž„์ƒ์ง„๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์งˆํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์ œ์–ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‹œํ–‰ ๋นˆ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋˜ Risk Management ๊ด€๋ จ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์‹๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ QI ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋ณด์™„ยท์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋‘์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of quality improvement programs. The data from in this study was collected with self-administered questionnaires from 264 in general hospitals from Oct. 27 to Nov. 10 in 2001. A total of 59 returned questionnaires were used by frequency distribution and t-test analysis. The major findings of the study were as follows : 1. Such programs as customer satisfaction, clinical practice improvement, work efficiency and cost containment were being conducted in over 50% of respondent hospitals, while risk management program were in only 39.9% of the hospitals. 2. Among the customer satisfaction programs, customer-oriented behavior of physicians and the quality of food services were found to be enforced programs in the quality improvement activities.3. With regard to the clinical practice improvement activities, the programs of the development of clinical practices guidelines should be enforced among the respondent hospitals. shall 4. With regard to the work efficiency improvement activities, the programs of the performance evaluation and the incentive system were found to be enforced ones in the quality improvement activities. 5. Among the cost containment activities, the programs of lessening the length of stay and waste of radiographics were found to be enforced ones in the quality improvement activities in the respondent hospitals.6. With regard to the risk management activities, almost all of the programs were found to be enforced ones.The above findings imply that Korean hospitals still need to improve the quality of hospital services through the various programs of the quality improvement.ope

    Development and evaluation of a posture management program for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis based on the theory of planned behavior

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŠน๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์ฒ™์ถ”์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ฒ™์ถ”๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ํŠน๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์ฒ™์ถ”์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘์žฌ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” 2011๋…„ 10์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2012๋…„ 6์›”๊นŒ์ง€ W์‹œ์™€ J์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ ํŠน๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์ฒ™์ถ”์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ ์—ฌ์ž ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ 35๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์  ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์‹คํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ์ค‘์žฌ ์ „, ์ค‘์žฌ ์งํ›„ ๋ฐ ์ค‘์žฌ 2์ฃผํ›„, ์ด 3ํšŒ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ(์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„ยท์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”ยท์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ํ–‰์œ„ํ†ต์ œยทํ–‰์œ„์˜๋„), ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์œ„(์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์œ„ ์‹ค์ฒœ๋นˆ๋„) ๋ฐ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹ ์ฒดํŠน์„ฑ(์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ๊ทผ๋ ฅ, Cobb''s ๊ฐ๋„)์„ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ์‹ ์ฒด ์ธก์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” PASW/WIN 18.0์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ฯ‡2-test, Repeated measure ANOVA ๋ฐ Independent t-test๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋ก ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ, ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ดˆ์•ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ํ™•์ธ, ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๊ตฌํ˜„, ์ˆ˜์ •ยท๋ณด์™„ ๋ฐ ์ตœ์ข…์•ˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„(F=11.56, p<0.001), ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ํ–‰์œ„ํ†ต์ œ(F=8.07, p=0.001) ๋ฐ ํ–‰์œ„์˜๋„(F=6.73, p=0.001)๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”(F=2.47, p=0.092)์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์œ„ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(F=2.24, p=0.035). ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹ ์ฒดํŠน์„ฑ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ(F=16.56, p<0.001)๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ(F=24.24, p<0.001)์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , Cobb''s ๊ฐ๋„(t=-5.65, p<0.001)์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ปค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ํŠน๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์ฒ™์ถ”์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์œ„๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–‰์œ„ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์ฒดํŠน์„ฑ์— ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ž์„ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์ฒ™์ถ”์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์ฒ™์ถ”๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ฆ์ง„์— ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์งˆํ™˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์ด ์†ํ•ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •, ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์—ญํ• ์ด ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.ope

    ์ฝœ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€์™€ ์€-์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ(ํ™”ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2012. 2. ํ™ํ›ˆ๊ธฐ.In this study, colloidal ZnO nanorods and Ag-ZnO heterostructures was synthesized and characterized to investigate their optical properties. Solvothermal synthesis was employed to control the length of ZnO nanorods with uniform diameter. Varying the added amount of KOH in solvothermal growth stage led the formation of anisotropic ZnO nanorods with various aspect ratios. Ag-ZnO heterostructures with Ag nanoparticles deposited on ZnO nanorods were synthesized in aqueous phase. Ag-ZnO heterostructures prepared via simple silver mirror reaction in presence of ZnO nanorods showed dimer-like structures with single Ag nanoparticles attached on the tips of individual ZnO nanorods. Through the surface modification of ZnO nanorods with polyelectrolytes and Sn(II) prior to the silver mirror reaction of Ag(I), Ag-ZnO heterostructures with multiple Ag nanoparticles evenly deposited on the surface of ZnO nanorods were prepared. UV-vis absorption spectra of Ag-ZnO heterostructures showed the absorption peaks arising from the band gap of ZnO and the surface plasmon resonance of Ag nanoparticles. And surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of Ag-ZnO heterostructures was examined. The resulting ZnO nanorods and Ag-ZnO heterostructures were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, UV-vis spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectrometer.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฝœ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€์™€ ์€-์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํŠน์ง•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ท ์ผํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€์˜ ๊ธธ์ด ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฉ๋งค์—ดํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฉ๋งค์—ดํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์นผ๋ฅจ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์€ ๋น„๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…ํšก๋น„๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ์€-์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์€๊ฑฐ์šธ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋œ ์€-์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์ „ํ•ด์งˆ๊ณผ Sn2+๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  Sn2+์™€ ํฌ๋ฆ„์•Œ๋ฐํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ ์€์„ ํ™˜์›์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ท ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋ง‰๋Œ€์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ์€-์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์€-์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์ž์™ธ์„ -๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ํก์ˆ˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฐด๋“œ๊ฐญ๊ณผ ์€ ๋‚˜๋…ธ์ž…์ž์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํ”Œ๋ผ์ฆˆ๋ชฌ ๊ณต๋ช…์— ์˜ํ•œ ํก์ˆ˜ ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์€-์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์ฆ๊ฐ• ๋ผ๋งŒ ์‚ฐ๋ž€(SERS) ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ง‰๋Œ€์™€ ์€-์‚ฐํ™”์•„์—ฐ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์€ ํˆฌ๊ณผ ์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ, X์„  ํšŒ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ, ์ž์™ธ์„ -๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ด‘์„  ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ด‘๋„๊ณ„, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๋ผ๋งŒ ๋ถ„๊ด‘๊ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.Maste
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