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    ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ง๋ฌดํƒœ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ : ๋ณ‘์› ์ข…์‚ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์ „๊ณต),2008.Maste

    ๋ผ์ง€ ๋ฐ ํ† ๋ผ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ๊น€๋ฏธ๊ธˆ.๋ชฉ์  : ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์ˆ˜์ •์ฒด ์œ ํ™”์ˆ ์‹œ ๊ฐ๋ง‰๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ์‘์„ฑ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋ฌผ์งˆ (ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ407)์„ ๋ผ์ง€์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ† ๋ผ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ ํƒ„๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋Œ€์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• : ํ˜•๊ด‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋†๋„์˜ ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ” [(20, 22, 24, 26% (w/w%)], ์‘์ง‘์„ฑ ์ ํƒ„๋ฌผ์งˆ (1% ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ ํƒ„๋ฌผ์งˆ (3% ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ ๋‚˜ํŠธ๋ฅจ -4% ์ฝ˜๋“œ๋กœ์ดํ‹ด ํ™ฉ์‚ฐ)์„ 32๋„์— ๋ณด๊ด€๋œ ๋ผ์ง€๋ˆˆ์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ๋‚ด์— ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ง€๋ˆˆ 45์•ˆ์„ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ 15์•ˆ์”ฉ 3๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ  ๋ผ์ง€๋ˆˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์  ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์œ ํ™”์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ฐฉ๋‚ด ์œ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒด๋‚ด์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ํ† ๋ผ 12๋งˆ๋ฆฌ 12์•ˆ์„ 26% ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ ํƒ„๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋‘ ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ  ๊ฐ„ํ—์  ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์œ ํ™”์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ˆ  ์ „ ๋ฐ ์ˆ  ํ›„ 3์ผ์ฐจ ๊ฐ๋ง‰๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ : ์ „๋ฐฉ๋‚ด์—์„œ 21๋„ ๊ด€๋ฅ˜์šฉ์•ก์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ฒ”-์กธ ์ „์ด๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋†๋„์˜ ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ”์€ 26%์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ผ์ง€๋ˆˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ๋‚ด ํ‰๊ท  ์œ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ์‘์ง‘์„ฑ ์ ํƒ„๋ฌผ์งˆ : 5.53ยฑ1.77, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ ํƒ„๋ฌผ์งˆ 125.00ยฑ29.34, 26% ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ 221.53ยฑ42.48์ดˆ (p<0.001). ํ† ๋ผ์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฒด๋‚ด์‹คํ—˜์€ 26% ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ๊ตฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” 5.27%, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ ํƒ„๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ตฐ์€ 18.27%์˜€๋‹ค (p=0.029). ๊ฒฐ๋ก  : ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ์‘์„ฑ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ํด๋ก์‚ฌ๋จธ ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ๊ฒ”์€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์œ ํ™”์ˆ  ์‹œ ๊ฐ๋ง‰๋‚ดํ”ผ์„ธํฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋กœ์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ ํƒ„๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.Purpose : To evaluate the utility of thermoreversible (poloxamer) hydrogels as a substitute for ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) during phacoemulsification, and to compare their endothelial protective effect with that of hyaluronic acid-based OVDs during phacoemulsification in porcine and rabbit eyes. Methods : Fluorescein-stained poloxamer hydrogels (20,22,24, and 26%ใ€”weight/weight%ใ€•), and cohesive (sodium hyaluronate 1%ใ€”Proviscใ€•) and dispersive (sodium hyaluronate 3.0%-chondroitin sulfate 4.0%ใ€”Viscoat ใ€•OVDs were injected into the anterior chamber of porcine eyes incubated at 32ยฐC. In the in vitro study, the retention time was measured in 3 groups of 45 porcine eyes during continuous phacoemulsification. In the in vivo study, the endothelial cell count (ECC) was measured before and 3 days after intermittent phacoemulsification in 12 rabbit eyes randomized to a poloxamer hydrogel or a dispersive OVD group. Results : The optimum concentration of thermosensitive hydrogel was 26%, at which no gel-to-sol phase transition occurred in the anterior chamber, with a 21ยฐC irrigation solution. In the in vitro study, the mean retention times were 5.53 seconds ยฑ 1.77, 125.00 ยฑ 29.34 seconds, and 221.53 ยฑ 42.48 seconds in the cohesive OVD, dispersive OVD, and 26% poloxamer hydrogel groups, respectively (P < .001). In the in vivo study, the mean decrease in ECC was significantly lower in the 26% poloxamer hydrogel group than in the dispersive OVD group (P = .029). Conclusion : Thermoreversible hydrogels might be suitable substitutes for hyaluronic acid-based OVDs for corneal endothelial protection during phacoemulsification.์ œ1์žฅ Introduction 1 ์ œ2์žฅ Materials and Methods 4 ์ œ3์žฅ Results 8 ์ œ4์žฅ Discussion 10 ์ œ5์žฅ References 17 ์ œ6์žฅ Figure legends 21 ์ œ7์žฅ Table 27 ์ œ7์žฅ Supplemental videos 28 ์˜๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 29Maste

    Superdetonative mode starting process of supersonic combustion ram accelerator

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ•ญ๊ณต์šฐ์ฃผ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,1997.Docto

    Developing the Standard Number of National Medals by Category in the National Medal Conferment Policy

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด 2014๋…„์— ์•ˆ์ „ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์˜๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€ํฌ์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฐ์ • ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •๏ฝฅ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์ƒํ›ˆ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€ํฌ์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋„์ž…๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ์ •๋ถ€ํฌ์ƒ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ์ƒ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ๋“ค์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ํฌ์ƒ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ์ค€ํฌ์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€ํฌ์ƒ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„œํ›ˆ๊ณผ ํ‘œ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๊ณ , ์„œํ›ˆ์€ ํ›ˆ์žฅ๊ณผ ํฌ์žฅ, ํ‘œ์ฐฝ์€ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ นํ‘œ์ฐฝ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฌด์ด๋ฆฌํ‘œ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ํฌ์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—์„œ ๊ณผ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ›ˆ์žฅ์— ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ํ‘œ์ค€ํฌ์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฐ์ •๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํฌ์ƒ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์˜์—ญ, ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ต์•ˆ๋ณด์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์ •์ฑ…(๊ณต์ง)์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ํ‘œ์ค€ํฌ์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜์œ„๋ถ€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ›„ ์™ธ๊ต์•ˆ๋ณด์˜์—ญ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์„ธ ์˜์—ญ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ํฌ์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ํ‘œ์ค€ํฌ์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‘œ์ค€์ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฉ์‹์„, ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ํ‘œ์ค€ํฌ์ƒ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€์ƒํ›ˆ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This study explores developing the standard number of national medals and decorations, particularly national medals, per year in Korea in four categories and sub-categories. The objects of national medals are first divided into the private and public sphere, and then classified into four categories: industry and economy, society and culture, foreign affairs and security, and public administration. The standard number of national medals by categories and sub-categories is estimated with four common performance indicators in each sphere. In particular, a standardized scoring method is adopted in the private sphere while a relative scoring method is applied to the public sphere
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