63 research outputs found

    The involvement of toll-like receptor 4 on human fetal membrane in uterine contraction

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]์กฐ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์›์ธ์€ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ „์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž๊ถ๋‚ด ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋ฐ ์—ผ์ฆ ๋“ฑ ์„ ์ฒœ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)๋Š” ์ˆ™์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žŒ ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถ„์žํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ํƒœ๋ง‰์—์„œ์˜ TLR-4์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฒด ํƒœ๋ง‰์˜ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์ธต์—์„œ์˜ TLR-4์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž๊ถ ์ˆ˜์ถ• ์œ ๋ฌด์™€์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ธ์ฒด ํƒœ๋ง‰์˜ TLR-4๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ถ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๊ถ์ˆ˜์ถ• ์œ ๋ฌด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ์ฒด ํƒœ๋ง‰์—์„œ์˜ TLR-4์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ mRNA๋ฅผ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ž„์ƒ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์‚ญ ๋ถ„๋งŒ๋œ ํƒœ๋ง‰ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ž๊ถ์ €๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ํ•˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ ˆ์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ TLR-4 ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰๊ณผ hematoxilin ๋ฐ eosin ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํƒœ๋ง‰์„ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ์งํ›„ ์–‘๋ง‰๊ณผ ์œต๋ชจ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ์˜ TLR-2, TLR-4, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด real time PCR์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋งŒ ์‹œ๊ธฐ, ์ง„ํ†ต ์œ ๋ฌด ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TLR-4 ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰์‹œ ์ž๊ถ์ €๋ถ€์™€ ํ•˜๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘๋ง‰ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์œต๋ชจ๋ง‰์—์„œ์˜ TLR-4๊ฐ€ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์œต๋ชจ์–‘๋ง‰์—ผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ TLR-4 ๋ฐœํ˜„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  ์ฃผ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ TLR-4์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Real time PCR์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, TLR-4์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ง„ํ†ต ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งŒ์‚ญ ์ง„ํ†ตํ›„ ๋ถ„๋งŒ๋œ ์–‘๋ง‰์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. TLR-2,4 ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž๊ถ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ์—†๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž๊ถ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. COX-2์˜ mRNA์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋„ ๋งŒ์‚ญ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ์‚ฐ๋œ ํƒœ๋ง‰์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ TLR-4๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์‚ญ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹œ ์ž๊ถ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ง„ํ†ต์˜ ์œ ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊นŠํžˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]ope

    ้Ÿ“ๅœ‹ไบบ์˜ ่บซ้•ท ่ฎŠๅŒ–์™€ ็”Ÿๆดป ๆฐดๆบ–์˜ ่ฎŠๅ‹• : ๆคๆฐ‘ๅœฐ ๆ™‚ไปฃ์˜ ่บซ้•ท ่ณ‡ๆ–™๋ฅผ ไธญๅฟƒ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ „๊ณต,2006.Maste

    ์ˆจ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์กฐ์†Œ๊ณผ ์กฐ์†Œ์ „๊ณต,2002.Maste

    An improved cochlear implant speech strategy using instantaneous frequency encoding based on teager energy op

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    ์˜๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ณต์™€์šฐ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ํ‘œํ˜„์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์–ด์Œ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž…๋ ฅ์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Teager energy operator (TEO)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ-์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด TEO์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ์–ด์Œ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ํ‘œํ˜„์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ํ‘œํ˜„์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ํž๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ์–ด์Œ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ฝ์„ ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด์Œ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํฌ๋ฝ์„ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์–ด์Œ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋””์ธ์ง€์œจ๊ณผ ์–ด์Œ์ธ์ง€์œจ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด acoustic simulation์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ TEO์™€ ํž๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธ์ง€์œจ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌ๋ฝ์„ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์–ด์Œ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋‘ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰๋น„๊ต์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ TEO๊ฐ€ ํž๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋ณด๋‹ค 35% ๋นจ๋ž๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์–‘์žํ™”ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด์Œ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์–‘์žํ™”ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด์Œ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋””์ธ์ง€์™€ ์–ด์Œ์ธ์ง€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ acoustic simulation์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์–‘์žํ™”ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ฎ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ธ์ง€์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]This study presents a improved speech processing strategy incorporating instantaneous frequency (IF) encoding for the enhancement of frequency representation performance of cochlear implants. In addition, this study proposes the use of a Teager energy operator (TEO) for the IF extraction from incoming sound. From time-frequency analysis using spectrograms, we verified that the TEO-based method provides excellent frequency representation performance and the superiority was also found when using Hilbert transform (HT) for the IF extraction. Through acoustic simulation, the melody and speech recognition performance of the proposed speech processing strategy was compared with those of a conventional strategy using envelope information only. Insignificant difference in recognition rate was observed between the TEO-based and HT-based IF encodings, and both showed better performance to the conventional strategy. However, the TEO-based strategy was approximately 35% faster than the HT-based strategy. We verified that the use of quantized IF has similar performance to the use of original continuous IF. From the acoustic simulation, we compared the melody and speech recognition performance of quantized IF encoding with those of normal IF encoding. As a result, we confirmed that the quantized IF encoding, more than two level, does not decrease the recognition rate of the proposed speech processor.ope

    Patterns of normal change in fetal cerebral artery doppler during pregnancy

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ž๊ถ ๋‚ด ํƒœ์•„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ์จ ํƒœ์•„์˜ ๊ฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก์ •์„ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ •์ƒ ์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž„์‹  ์ฃผ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํƒœ์•„ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ํŒŒํ˜•์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์–‘์ƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฐ๋œ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ์ดํ™˜๋ฅ ์€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ์žฌํƒœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ์ž„์‹ ๋ถ€์˜ ๋‹จํƒœ์•„ ์—์„œ ์ „๋‡Œ๋™๋งฅ, ์ค‘๋‡Œ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒ๋™๊ณ„์ˆ˜ (Pulsatility index)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒœ์•„์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•œํ•ด ํƒœ์•„๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚จ, ์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ํŒŒ๋™๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ค‘ ๋ชจ์ฒด๋‚˜ ํƒœ์•„์— ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 71๋ช…์˜ ์ •์ƒ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ์ž„์‹ ๋ถ€์—์„œ ํƒœ์•„ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ค‘ 44๋ช…์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ํƒœ์•„์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹ ์ฃผ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 4์ฃผ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์„œ ์ž„์‹  28์ฃผ์—์„œ 31์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ I๊ตฐ, 32์ฃผ์—์„œ 35์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ II๊ตฐ, 36์ฃผ์—์„œ 39์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ III๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์„ธ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋‚จ์•„ ํƒœ์•„์˜ ์ „๋‡Œ ๋™๋งฅ ํŒŒ๋™๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” 1.7917 ยฑ 0.3497, 1.5710 ยฑ 0.6672, 1.3053 ยฑ 0.3450 ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค (P < 0.05). ์—ฌ์•„ ํƒœ์•„์˜ ์ „๋‡Œ ๋™๋งฅ ํŒŒ๋™๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ฐ ์„ธ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ 1.9714 ยฑ 0.5869, 1.6846 ยฑ 0.4123, 1.3338 ยฑ 0.2088๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค (P < 0.05). ์ค‘๋‡Œ ๋™๋งฅ ํŒŒ๋™๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‚จ์•„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ 3 ๊ตฐ์—์„œ 2.0204 ยฑ 0.5821, 1.8822 ยฑ 0.4282, 1.5347 ยฑ 0.4668๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด (P < 0.05), ์—ฌ์•„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์„ธ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ 2.1397 ยฑ 0.5966, 1.8705 ยฑ 0.5607, 1.8810 ยฑ 0.4016์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค (P = 0.827). ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž„์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์ƒ ๋‹จํƒœ์•„์˜ ์ „๋‡Œ, ์ค‘๋‡Œ ๋™๋งฅ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ํŒŒ๋™๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์ƒ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ์•„ ํƒœ์•„์˜ ์ค‘๋‡Œ๋™๋งฅ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ํŒŒํ˜•์€ ๋‚จ์•„์˜ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ํŒŒํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋„ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ ํŒŒํ˜•๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ž„์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]A Doppler study of the fetal arteries is one of the most useful tools for evaluating the fetal well-being. Recent studies have attempted to document the relationship between the Doppler variables of the fetal cerebral artery and fetal hypoxia. For clinical applications, the normal range at each gestational week needs to be known. The aim of this study was to establish the normal range of the fetal cerebral artery pulsatility index (PI) throughout pregnancy and to determine if there are any gender differences. Doppler ultrasonographic examination was performed to measure the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and anterior cerebral artery (ACA) PI in 71 normal pregnancies between 25 and 39 weeks gestation. Gender determination was possible in 44 fetuses by either a postnatal examination or genetic amniocentesis. The gestational weeks were grouped into 4-week sections. Group I ranged from 28 to 31 gestational weeks. Group II and III ranged from 32 to 35 and from 36 to 39 weeks, respectively. The ACA PI of the male fetuses decreased with increasing gestational time (group I: 1.7917 ยฑ 0.3497, group II: 1.5710 ยฑ 0.6672, group III: 1.3053 ยฑ 0.3450; P < 0.05). The ACA PI of the female fetuses also decreased significantly (group I: 1.9714 ยฑ 0.5869, group II: 1.6846 ยฑ 0.4123, group III: 1.3338 ยฑ 0.2088; P < 0.05). The MCA PI of the male fetuses decreased (group I: 2.0204 ยฑ 0.5821, group II: 1.8822 ยฑ 0.4282, group III: 1.5347 ยฑ 0.4668; P < 0.05). However, there was no significant decrease in the MCA PI of female fetuses (group I: 2.1397 ยฑ 0.5966, group II: 1.8705 ยฑ 0.5607, group III: 1.8810 ยฑ 0.4016; P = 0.827). The normal range of the fetal cerebral artery PI was established throughout pregnancy. These results demonstrate that the male and female fetal anterior cerebral artery and the male fetal middle cerebral artery PI decreases with increasing gestational time. However, female fetuses show a relatively constant middle cerebral artery PI regardless of the gestational time.ope

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