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    ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์œ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ์–ธ์–ด์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต(DDL) ํšจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์˜์–ด์ „๊ณต), 2023. 8. ์˜ค์„ ์˜.The comprehension and acquisition of vocabulary play a fundamental role in the development of communicative competence when acquiring the English language. While common words pose fewer difficulties, second language (L2) learners often struggle with distinguishing synonyms, which are words that share the same meaning in their first language (L1) but exhibit different grammatical or collocational constraints. The present study attempts to implement Data-Driven Learning (DDL), utilizing corpus data, to facilitate the understanding of distinctions between pairs of synonyms. Previous studies on DDL primarily focused on adult learners, as it is deemed more demanding for younger learners. Additionally, due to factors such as learners proficiency levels and limitations posed by technology and the learning environment, many prior DDL studies have employed edited corpus data. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of computer-assisted DDL on distinguishing synonymous verbs in case of Korean EFL middle school students. Given that individual computer devices were provided to 1st grade middle school students in Seoul starting from 2022, the participants in this study were asked to search authentic usages of synonyms from raw corpus data and discover the differences between the words themselves. Based on this process, the effectiveness of computer-assisted DDL along with learners perception, attitude and changes were discussed. Twenty-nine middle school 1st grade students in Seoul participated in this study. All participants took a pretest and had a training session prior to the experiment. Then, the students individually completed the computer-assisted DDL tasks for three weeks, focusing on distinguishing five pairs of synonyms. Following the completion of the experiment, the participants took a posttest and were asked to respond to a questionnaire. Additionally, individual interviews were conducted with three participants. The results from the experiment showed the effectiveness of computer-assisted DDL on various aspects. First, the learners ability to distinguish synonymous verbs developed. Second, the learners had positive perception toward computer-assisted DDL, particularly highlighting the intriguing nature of utilizing computers during classroom activities. However, the individual interview analysis revealed variations among learners based on their proficiency levels. The high proficiency learner successfully completed the assigned tasks without encountering significant difficulties, whereas the intermediate learner required scaffolding and guidance from the instructor. The low-proficiency learners faced challenges in comprehending the computer-assisted DDL tasks, thus consistently relying on scaffolded support. These outcomes underscore the essential role of training sessions and scaffolding in computer-assisted DDL instruction for pre-tertiary learners. Despite the small sample size and methodological limitation, the present study contributes to proving the effectiveness of computer-assisted DDL on distinguishing synonyms. The results of this study imply the possibility of implementing DDL into Korean middle school English lessons and utilizing corpus data as a learning tool.์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด์˜ ๋œป์€ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์„ ํŠนํžˆ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์™”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต(Data-Driven Learning; DDL)์„ ์œ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ์–ธ์–ด์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์˜์–ด ๋Šฅ์ˆ™๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์„ฑ์ธ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ์™”๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ยทํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํŽธ์ง‘๋œ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์œ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์„œ์šธํŠน๋ณ„์‹œ๊ต์œก์ฒญ์ด 2022ํ•™๋…„๋„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ํœด๋Œ€ ํ•™์Šต ใ€Œ๋””๋ฒ—ใ€์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์˜์–ด ์œ ์˜์–ด ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„, ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ์šธ์˜ ํ•œ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต์— ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘์ธ 1ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 29๋ช…์„ ๋ชจ์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ „ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•œ ์ฐจ์‹œ์˜ ๊ต์œก์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•œ ํ›„ 3์ฃผ ๊ฐ„ ์ด ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์Œ์˜ ์˜์–ด ์œ ์˜์–ด ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋๋‚œ ํ›„ ์‚ฌํ›„ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์ „, ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์™€ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ 3๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ์–ธ์–ด์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ํ•™์Šต์ž์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ธ์ง€์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ์–ธ์–ด์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต์€ ์œ ์˜์–ด ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ํ•™์Šต์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ •์˜์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ์–ธ์–ด์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์œ„๊ถŒ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ์–ธ์–ด์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์œ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ์—†์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์ค‘์œ„๊ถŒ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ๋น„๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜์œ„๊ถŒ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผ์ œ ์™„์„ฑ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๊ปด ๊ต์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ๋น„๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ์€ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ ์–ธ์–ด์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต์ด ์œ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž„์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋„์™€ ์ž๊ธฐ์ฃผ๋„์  ํ•™์Šต ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์ž๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๊ต์œกํ•™์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค.CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Background and Purpose of the Study 1 1.2. Research Questions 6 1.3. Organization of the Thesis 6 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 8 2.1. Conceptualization of Synonyms 8 2.1.1. L2 Learning of Synonyms 9 2.2. Data-Driven Learning (DDL) 13 2.2.1. Theoretical Background of DDL 14 2.2.1.1. DDL and Sociocultural theory (SCT) 14 2.2.1.2. DDL and Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theory 17 2.2.2. Conceptualization of DDL 19 2.2.3. Implementation of DDL in Language Learning Contexts 27 2.3. Computer-Assisted Language Learning 32 2.3.1. Theoretical Background of CALL 33 2.3.2. Conceptualization of CALL 34 2.3.3. Implementation of CALL 38 2.4. Spread of DDL in CALL Researches 42 2.5. The Present Study 43 CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY 46 3.1. Participants 47 3.2. Setting 47 3.3. Target Items Selection 50 3.4. Instruments 53 3.4.1. Concordancing Tool 54 3.4.2. Pretest and Posttest Materials 56 3.4.3. Learning Materials 60 3.4.4. Questionnaire 64 3.5. Procedures 66 3.6. Data Collection and Analysis 70 3.6.1. Quantitative Approach 71 3.6.2. Qualitative Approach 73 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS 77 4.1. Effects of Computer-assisted DDL on Distinguishing Synonymous Verbs 77 4.2. Learners Perception toward Computer-assisted DDL 81 4.3. Descriptive Accounts of Learners Behavior and Responses 86 4.3.1. Hanna: An Advanced Learner with Active Participation 87 4.3.1.1. Performance on Tasks 88 4.3.1.2. Performance on Using Computer 92 4.3.1.3. Perception on Computer-assisted DDL 93 4.3.2. Irene: A Hardworking Intermediate Learner 94 4.3.2.1. Performance on Tasks 95 4.3.2.2. Performance on Using Computer 99 4.3.2.3. Perception on Computer-assisted DDL 100 4.3.3. Leo: A Learner of Outstanding Development 103 4.3.3.1. Performance on Tasks 103 4.3.3.2. Performance on Using Computer 107 4.3.3.3. Perception on Computer-assisted DDL 109 4.3.4. Summary of the Descriptive Accounts 111 CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION 113 5.1. Implementation of Computer-assisted DDL on Pre-tertiary Learners 113 5.2. Computer-assisted DDL and the SCT Paradigm 117 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION 119 6.1. Major Findings and Implications 122 6.2. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research 126 REFERENCES 128 APPENDICES 141 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 153์„

    ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์Ÿ์  ๋ถ„์„ - ์ •์ฑ…์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ ์šฉ -

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œกํ–‰์ • ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์‹ ์ •์ฒ .๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ด๋ช…๋ฐ• ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์Ÿ์ ์„ Sabatier์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋ชจํ˜•(ACF)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ์ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ž‘๋™๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ง€์ง€์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์„œ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋ณด์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ด๋ช…๋ฐ• ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ •์ฑ…๋ณ€๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ ์™ธ์ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์†์„ฑ, ์ œ๋„์  ์ œ์•ฝ, ์ •์น˜์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ…๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ •๋ถ€์žฌ์ •์ง€์›์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ถ€์‹ค๋Œ€ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ •์ด ์ง€์›๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋‹น์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ด ์ปธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝํ•™๊ต๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„์  ์ œ์•ฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์œ ์ธ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ ยท์ œ๋„์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹น์‹œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง‘๊ถŒ์—ฌ๋‹น์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ง„๋ณด์—์„œ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ฐ•์กฐ์ ๊ณผ ์ถ”์ง„์ „๋žต์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”, ํ•™๋ น์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์งˆ ์ œ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” 1997๋…„ IMF๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์กฐ์ •์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ง€์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์—ฌ๋‹น์ธ ํ•œ๋‚˜๋ผ๋‹น, ๊ต์œก๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€(๊ต๊ณผ๋ถ€) ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ์•ผ๋‹น์ธ ์—ด๋ฆฐ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‹น, ๋Œ€ํ•™๋‹จ์ฒด, ๊ต์ˆ˜ยทํ•™์ˆ ๋‹จ์ฒด ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‹ ๋…์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‹ ๋…, ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‹ ๋…, 2์ฐจ์  ์‹ ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‹ ๋…์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‹ ๋…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€์ง€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž(ํ•™์ƒ)์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ฑ…๋ฌด์„ฑ, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿยท์‹œ์žฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ, ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ž์น˜๊ถŒ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‹ ๋…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘ ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธˆ ์ธํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋‚˜ ์ง€์ง€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐœ์ž…ํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์ถ”์ง„, ํƒ€์œจ์  ํ†ต์ œ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ์  ์ถ”์ง„, ์žฌ์ •์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜, ์™ธ์ ์š”์ธ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ์‹œํ–‰์„, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ •๋ถ€์ฃผ๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์ถ”์ง„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ, ์žฌ์ •์ง€์›์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜, ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ง€์›์„ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‹ ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 2์ฐจ์  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์‹ ๋…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‘ ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ ๋ชจ๋‘ '(ํ‰๊ฐ€)์ง€ํ‘œ'์— ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€์ง€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ํš์ผ์ , ์ •๋Ÿ‰์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žฌ์ •์ง€์›์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€์‹ค์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‡ด์ถœํ•˜๋Š” 4๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ถ”์ง„๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ํ•ด์‚ฐ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐœ์˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ž์œจ์  ํ‡ด์ถœ(ํ•ด์‚ฐ)์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ '์ถฉ์›๋ฅ '๊ณผ '์ทจ์—…๋ฅ ' ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์— ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋“ฑ๋ก๊ธˆ ์ธํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™ํšŒ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์œ„ํ—Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ํ†ต์ œ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๋งค๋งค ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ด ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ž์›๊ณผ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง€์ง€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณต์‹์ ยท๋ฒ•์  ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์  ์—ฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ…๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์ง‘ํ–‰ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ์ถ”์ง„ ์ „๋žต์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํŠน์ •์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •, ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ ยท์ œ๋„์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ์•ผ๋‹น์„ ์˜ํšŒ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ถŒํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™, ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ข… ํ† ๋ก ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ „๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์˜จ๊ฑดํ•œ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ฐ•๊ฑดํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ACF๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์ง€ํ–ฅํ•™์Šต์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ง€์ง€์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์—ฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ˆ˜์ฐจ๋ก€์˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํšŒ, ๊ณต์ฒญํšŒ, ๊ตญ์ •๊ฐ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์ตœํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹ ๋…์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ธ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ง€ํ–ฅ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์Šต์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์ง€ํ–ฅํ•™์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ๋…๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค‘์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•  ์ •์ฑ…์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๋ฉฐ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ… ์ถ”์ง„ ์˜์ง€์™€ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ… ์‚ฐ์ถœ๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์‚ฐ์ถœ์€ ์˜๋„๋Œ€๋กœ 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณ€๋™๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์‹ ๋… ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•œ ์†๋„์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„ํŒ, ๋Œ€ํ•™ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  13 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  13 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 16 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  17 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 18 1. ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ •์ฑ… 18 ๊ฐ€. ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ 18 ๋‚˜. ๋Œ€ํ•™์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ• 19 2. ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜ ์ •์ฑ… 21 ๊ฐ€. ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐœํ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 21 ๋‚˜. ์ถ”์ง„๊ฒฝ๊ณผ 22 3. ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€๋™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋ชจํ˜• 29 ๊ฐ€. ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€๋™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 29 ๋‚˜. ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€๋™ ๋ชจํ˜• 32 ๋‹ค. Sabatier์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋ชจํ˜•(ACF) 36 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 43 1. ๋ถ„์„ ํ‹€ 43 2. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์ž๋ฃŒ 47 โ…ฃ. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 51 1. ์ •์ฑ…๋ณ€๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์™ธ์ ์š”์ธ 51 ๊ฐ€. ์ •์ฑ…๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์†์„ฑ 51 ๋‚˜. ์ œ๋„์  ์ œ์•ฝ 52 ๋‹ค. ์ •์น˜์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ 55 ๋ผ. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ 56 2. ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋…์ฒด๊ณ„ 58 ๊ฐ€. ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ 58 ๋‚˜. ์‹ ๋…์ฒด๊ณ„ 59 3. ์˜นํ˜ธ์—ฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ž‘๋™๊ณผ์ • 67 ๊ฐ€. ์ „๋žต ๋ฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ 67 ๋‚˜. ์ •์ฑ…์ง€ํ–ฅํ•™์Šต 69 ๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ…์ค‘๊ฐœ์ž 70 4. ์ •์ฑ… ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ 70 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 72 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 79 Abstract 89Maste

    Relationship between job characteristics, internal customer satisfaction and nurses' retention of experienced nurses

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์žฌ์ง์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ์ง์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์ธ๋ ฅ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„๋œ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ณ ์–‘์‹œ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์นจ์ƒ ์ˆ˜ 600-900๊ฐœ์˜ 3๊ฐœ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ 4๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 177๋ช…์œผ๋กœ 2012๋…„ 8์›” 25์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10์›” 15์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ง๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Hackman๊ณผ Oldham(1975)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉ๋„(2003)๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด์„ ๋ฏผ(2007)์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ •, ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ, ์žฌ์ง์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Cowin(2002)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์žฌ์ง์˜๋„ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ(NRI, Nurses'' Retention Index)๋ฅผ ๊น€๋ฏผ์ •(2006)์ด ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS WIN 20.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ํ†ต๊ณ„, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffรฉ test, Pearsonโ€™s Correlation Coefficient, Multiple Linear Regression์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.1. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง์žฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 30-34์„ธ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ข…ํ•™๋ ฅ์€ 3๋…„์ œ ์กธ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๋ฏธํ˜ผ์ด ๊ธฐํ˜ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ž๋…€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1๋ช…์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์ฃผ์š” ์–‘์œก์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ€์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์€ 7๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„ ๊ทผ๋ฌด ๋ถ€์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ณ‘๋™์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ง ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1ํšŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์„œ์ด๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ์ฐฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ๊ต๋Œ€ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ  ํ˜„ ์ง์œ„๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.2. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์ ์€ 5์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 3.49ยฑ0.32์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ๊ณผ์—…์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ณ  ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์ ์€ 5์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 2.91ยฑ0.52์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ์ง๋ฌด ์ฐจ์ œ์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋งŒ์กฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌ์ง์˜๋„์˜ ํ‰๊ท ํ‰์ ์€ 8์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 5.23ยฑ1.31์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.3. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง์žฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฌ์ง์˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์—ฐ๋ น(F=9.205, p=.000), ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํƒœ(t=-2.990, p=.003), ์ž๋…€ ์ˆ˜(F=5.589, p=.004), ์ด ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ(t=-2.269, p=.025), ์ด์งํšŸ์ˆ˜(F=3.307, p=.022), ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ˜•ํƒœ(t=-2.190, p=.030), ํ˜„ ์ง์œ„(t=-2.893, p=.004)์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.4. ์žฌ์ง์˜๋„๋Š” ์ง๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ(r=0.236, p=.002), ๊ณผ์—…์ค‘์š”์„ฑ(r=0.376, p=.000), ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ(r=0.191, p=.011)์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ(r=0.437, p=.000), ์ง๋ฌด ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ(r=0.373, p=.000), ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜(r=0.216, p=.004), ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋งŒ์กฑ(r=0.198, p=.008)๊ณผ๋„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.5. ์žฌ์ง์˜๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง์žฅ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์ง๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์žฌ์ง์˜๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(ฮฒ=0.290, p=.000)์™€ ์ง๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ๊ณผ์—…์ค‘์š”์„ฑ(ฮฒ=0.200, p=.018)์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ 26.4%์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฌ์ง์˜๋„๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์™€ ์ง๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ ๊ณผ์—…์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง๋ฌด ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋งŒ์กฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„ ์›ํ™œํžˆ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ณผ์—… ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž๋‚˜ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ถ€์—ฌ์™€ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.ope

    A comparative study on Korean and Chinese 'public' culture: organizational viewpoint

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    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํ–‰์ •ํ•™, ํŠนํžˆ ์กฐ์ง๋ก ์—์„œ ํ–‰์ •์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ํ•˜์œ„๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ๊ณต์ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ(๋ฌธํ™”)์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„(์ค‘ยทํ•œ)์˜ ๊ณต์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด์„œ ํ–‰์ •์กฐ์ง์—์„œ์˜ ํ•œยท์ค‘ ๊ณต๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์†์— ์‚ฌ์ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ(์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชซ)๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ๊ณต์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์‚ฌ์ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ถœ์‹  ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณต์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์กฐ์ง์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ž๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž์ฃผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋ฐ. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜, ์ฆ‰ ์ง‘๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์„œ์—ด์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ํš์ผ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ณต์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ , ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ณต์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ จ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ณต์˜ ์›์ฒœ์€ ์‹ค๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ณต์ •์— ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์ง€๋„์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ณต์˜ ์›์ฒœ์€ ์ƒ๋“์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐํˆฌ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ํ‰๋“ฑ์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ท ์˜ ๊ณต์ด๊ณ , ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ช…๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณต์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ํ–‰์ •์กฐ์ง์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ค๋ ฅ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํ˜น์€ ์„œ์—ด์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. In the organizational theory, here are not many published articles comparing Korean and Chinese public culture in terms of publicness or public good. This paper is to examine the concept of publicness in the context of Western social science, and then investigate the same concept in the context of East Asian philosophy. After carefully reviewing the family structure in Korea and China, the paper continues to compare their public culture through organizational viewpoint. The findings are followings: First, Once the Chinese have their private right (or own shares) in the group, they have the public sense of connection based on accumulated private right. In the meantime, private right is not accepted in Korea but the Koreans have the publicness of Uli (us) according to their original group. In short, the Chinese tend to rely on their organization and come to self-reliance, at the same time they are both self-active and dispersive. On the other hand, the Koreans tend to depend on authoritarianism including the centralization of power, the rank system, and the principle of standardization. Second, whereas the Chinese tend to have the publicness of power, the Koreans tend to do the publicness of authority. The Chinese leaderยฐรธs source of publicness of power comes from their job-performance ability and fairness, but the Korean leader's one of publicness of authority does from the instinct of self preservation and the aspiration for government post. Third, the Chinese like the publicness of average, which is equal, but the Koreans like the publicness of justification, which is discriminative. The Chinese administrative organization prefers the principle of average and the principle of job-performance ability, whereas the Korean one considers discriminative rank system

    (The) effect of water-based exercise program on gait coordination for people in chronic stroke

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๊ณผ,2009.8.Maste

    Rationality inside of the organizations: a comparison of the east and the west

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    ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์€ ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์„ ์ œ๋„ํ™”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ด์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ(ํ˜น์€ ํšŒ์˜)์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ชจ๋˜ ์กฐ์ง๋ก ์ด๋ฉฐ ํƒˆ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ œ ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ํ‹€์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ตญ(๋™์•„์‹œ์•„)์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋™์„œ์–‘ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ด์ต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋„๊ตฌ์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ (๊ฒฝ์ œ์ )ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ œ์˜ ๋ฒ•๊ทœ, ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ˜น์€ ์‹ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์  ๊ฐœ์ธ์€ ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ(ไฟฎๅทฑ)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด (ํŠนํžˆ ๋„๋•์ ) ์ด์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์น˜์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋„๋•์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘์šฉ์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ์ •, ๋„๋•์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜๊ธฐ, ์กฐํ™” ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. Rationality is the core principle of Public Administration and organizations. The model which institutionalized the spirit of modern rationality is Bureaucracy. The post-modern organization theory and post-bureaucracy, etc. work as the counter proposals of the modern rationality and the bureaucracy which based on the modern rationality. But most of the arguments about the rationality are in the frame of the west culture. This paper compared and analyzed the rationality of the East and the West, from the viewpoints of Korea and East- Asia. The basic premise of the rationality in the West is individual. In the process of individuals' pursuing of their self-interest~, w ith the basis of rationality, contracts are formed. The mainstreams of rationality are instrumental and technology or economic rationality in the West. So the rationality of the organizations, which are based on the regulations of bureaucracy and scientific management or New Public Administration, is emphasized for the efficiency of the organizations. In contrast, the premise of the rationality in East-Asia is the relationship of familism. This kind of individuals who are around by familism relationships recognize and practice the principles, especially the moral principles by self-perfecting. Therefore, two kinds of rationality, justified moral rationality and golden mean rationality can be found in the East. The rationality inside of the organizations attaches importance to feeling, morality, self-perfecting, and harmony, etc

    Trust in organization: focused on the concepts of trust and interpersonal trust in East Asia

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    ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„œ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋…ผ์˜์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ (๋™์•„์‹œ์•„)์กฐ์ง์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ธ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์„œ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์œ„ํ—˜๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜ ์˜์ง€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ํ•˜์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ง„์‹คํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ(์ฆ‰, ์„ฑ: ่ช  )์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์˜์กดํ•œ๋‹ค ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ(๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•œ ์ธ์ •๊ณผ ์˜๋ฆฌ)์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นœ์ฒ™๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—์„œ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ณ ์—์„œ, ์ผ๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜ˆ์—ฐ์  ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ธ์ •(ํ˜น์€ ์ •)์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ณธ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ์—ด์‚ฌํšŒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์˜๋ฆฌ๋„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ •์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ ํ–‰์ •์กฐ์ง์—์„œ, ์ƒ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ธ์ •์€ ์˜์กด๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ ์€ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ƒ‰์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋ค ์˜์กดํ˜• ํ˜ธํ˜œ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์™ธ๊ด€๋…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ด์ธ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ธ์ •๊ณผ ํ˜ธํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์™ธ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐํƒ€์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋‚ด์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์ถ•์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Most of previous studies on the concept of trust and its theory focused on the perspective of Western individual culture. Unlike before, this paper aims to examine both the concept of trust in terms of East Asian culture and personal trust in the viewpoint of East Asian organization. Significant findings are followings: Under the culture background of individualism in the Western Europe, trust means "risk burden significance". However, under the culture background of family principle in the East Asia, trust means "honest, trusts each other, and interdependence". The scope of "Honest" (restricted in human feelings and loyalty) refers to the close relatives in China, refers to the relatives and old friends in Korea; and refers to the cliques in Japan. In addition, blood relationship, that is to say "human feelings" are valued in China and Korea. But the Japanese value the loyalty, which is non- blood relationship and includes of cliques. As to Korea, because it is such a society which values the orders highly among people, so the loyalty is also valued in Korea, but the essence of it in Korea is "wuri" and "honest". In Chinese administration organizations the relationship between higher authorities and subordinates is the human feelings and the actual benefits equal in value, the characters of dependence and the reciprocal benefits exist together. In addition, the concepts of inside and outside are also different. In the aspect of "Inside person" or individual relationship, human feelings and dependence constitute the basic reciprocal benefit relationship. On the contrary, "outside person" is exclusive. But if there is some individual relationship, "inside person" may turn the organization to a flexible structure. In Korean administrative organizations, the trust to the higher authorities is very high. Because of the rank relationship between the higher authorities and subordinate, the relationship of giving and receiving is unequal exchange. Outside the "wuri" group, "exclusive" and "un-trust" play the main role, and it is very difficult to consult or compromise. In Japan, compared to the higher authorities, the majority of members express human feelings and loyalty to the higher authorities because of the realistic "my benefits"

    ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ์‰˜ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฐ˜์‘ ์•ก์ • ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ์Šค์ผ€์ผ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2017. 2. ์กฐ๋งนํšจ.The term, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), broadly refers to a hybrid structure where short and rigid liquid crystal molecules are incorporated within long and flexible polymeric chain networks. Interestingly, the combination of these two classical components has been proven to generate the coupled behaviors that render the LCP as a novel, smart materialthe stimuli-responsive phase change (e.g., thermotropic) of the chromophores is reflected to the conformation of the polymer and changes the macroscopic shape of the LCP. It was recently revealed that the LCP can also be reversely actuated by light, given that the chromophores contain light-sensitive structures such as azo-benzenes. In this way, many applications are envisaged and realized, including light-driven mechanical mechanisms such as actuators, sensors, propellers, and even tweezers. However, much of our knowledge regarding these anomalous spontaneous mechanisms is largely driven by experiments and simple analytic models because of the complex interplays between distinctive physics: light-LC, phase change-polymeric conformation, and microstate-to-macroscopic deformation. Therefore, there is a dire need for a framework that considers these distinctive physics, as well as the interdisciplinary interactions that emerge at the vicinity. To this end, this dissertation proposes a multiscale analysis framework for the photomechanical behavior of LCP. This consists of nonlinear finite element analysis and in-silico experiments to advance our understanding of the microscopic nature of LCPs. In the first part of the dissertation, the theoretical bases found in the proposed multiscale analysis are described in depth. The present work employs finite element analysis as the solution of the photomechanical system that is equivalent to finding stress-free configurations of the LCP structures under various internal stresses that are induced by light. Herein, uniaxial liquid crystal (LC) configurations are assumedthis encompasses rotational symmetry (i.e., nematic) as well as translational symmetry (i.e., smectic). Hence, a variationally consistent constitutive equation that couples the stimuli to the stress-strain relation is described. Furthermore, in contrast to existing finite element analysis on LCP, which assumes a global linearity to simplify the problem, two sources of the nonlinearityโ€”geometric nonlinearity and nonlinear thermomechanical behaviorsโ€”are considered. First, geometric nonlinearity is included in the model because many of the observed light-induced deflections undergo a large displacement, yet their local strains remain in the infinitesimal range. An element independent corotational formulation is utilized to consider such nonlinearity, which is saliently beneficial for both the computation and further sensitivity analysis. A molecular dynamics simulation is also undertaken in order to reveal the unprecedented nonlinearity accompanied by phase change found in the crosslinked mesogens. The fidelity of the present multiscale solutions is examined with available experiments. In the second part of the dissertation, the possible extension of the multiscale framework to the design of LCP photo actuations is exemplified by facilitating the multi-scale nature of the material, which is the combination of microscale properties, such as the local alignment of LC, and macroscopic properties, such as the shape of the LCP or the distributions of the stimuli. The proposed results are categorized into modifications of the extrinsic (post-crosslinking) variables and the intrinsic (pre-crosslinking) variables. The influence that each variable has on the deformation is described and discussed for the first time by examining the sensitivity towards the stimuli. With regards to the extrinsic variables, the various directions of the uniaxial orientation of the LCP are studied for the first time, and the resulting change in the light-induced principal curvature direction is shown. Envisaged by the possible high-fidelity light control, a light-patterning schematic is also proposed to achieve the desired shape change. A topology optimization method, which was originally devised to compute lightweight and load-sustaining structures, is employed to compute the discrete light patterns that drive the LCP to become a desired shape specified a priori. In view of the intrinsic variables, the distorted textures of nematic LC are examined, which are possibly obtained using novel alignment techniques. An LCP with twisted nematic configuration is studied and compared to existing works based on either analytic calculations or experiments. The arbitrary textures prescribed to the LCP surface are also simulated to show the exotic shape change that consists of many hills-and-valley configurations and to determine their ability to induce photo-generated instability. In this regard, the proposed model could possibly provide an efficient and consistent framework in which to analyze LCP behavior with complex internal structures and combined stimuli. Hence, the design of novel mechanical elements driven by light is facilitated whenever large, complex, and precise manipulation is valued over load-carrying capability.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Liquid crystal polymer (LCP) 1 1.1.1. A self-organizing characteristic of LC 2 1.1.2. LC-driven properties of LCP 3 1.1.3. Synthesis: from LC alignment to Polymer Crosslinking 5 1.2. Theoretic Background 7 1.2.1. Thermo-opto-mechanical coupling 8 1.2.2. Liquid crystalline phase behavior and the microstate change 10 1.2.3. Multiscale / Multiphysics coupled nature 12 1.3. Motivations 14 1.4. Organization of the present dissertation 15 Chapter 2. Multiscale photomechanical analysis of LCP 19 2.1. Overview of multiscale analysis of LCP 19 2.2. Geometric nonlinear shell formulation 23 2.2.1. Kinematics-based corotational formulation 24 2.3. Thermo-mechanical characterization 28 2.3.1. Nematic LCP 29 2.3.2. Smectic-A LCP 36 2.4. Light-induced deflection of nematic solid 46 2.4.1. Geometric nonlinearity and non-monotonicity of photobending 48 2.4.2. Nonlinearity from the microscale origin 51 2.5. Light-induced deflection of smectic solid 54 2.5.1. Pre-transitional phase behavior 55 2.5.2. Light-induced bending of smectic solids 56 2.6. Light-induced deflection of solids with distorted nematic 60 2.6.1. Curvature evolution due to distorted nematics 61 2.6.2. Experiments on TN-LCP 63 Chapter 3. Designs of LCP actuation 90 3.1. Changes of extrinsic variables: geometry and orientation 90 3.1.1. Directional orientations of nematic LCP 91 3.1.2. Directional orientations of smectic solids 92 3.1.3. Anticlastic behavior of nematic LCP 93 3.2. Optimum extrinsic property: irradiation pattern 94 3.2.1. Methodology based on topology optimization 95 3.2.2. Numerical examples on light-fueled gripper 100 3.3. Changes of intrinsic variables: Texture design for the actuation 107 3.3.1. Frank elasticity and nematic texture 107 3.3.2. Texture induced exotic shape change 111 3.3.3. Snap-through instability of LCP with Hedgehog defect 113 Chapter 4. Concluding remarks 127 References 131 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์š”์•ฝ 140Docto
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