Effects of wedged insole angle on knee varus torque and electromyographic activity in healthy subjects

재활학과/석사[한글] 본 연구는 보행 시 wedged insole 각도에 따라 슬관절 내번 토크와 하지의 근활성도가 어떻게 변하는지 알아보고자 실시하였다. 연구대상자는 건강한 성인 남자 15명을 대상으로 실시하였다. Wedged insole 각도를 내·외측 각각 10°, 15°의 조건에 따른 슬관절 내번 토크와 근활성도(대퇴근막장근, 가쪽 넓은근, 안쪽 넓은근, 앞정강근, 가자미근)를 알아보기 위해 삼차원 동작시스템인 Elite와 표면근전도 시스템을 이용하였다. MatLab 5.3 프로그램을 이용하여 슬관절 내번 토크를 보행주기 100%(0%: 초기접지; 100% 동측 발의 초기접지)로 정규화(normalization)하였으며 입각기 시의 근전도 신호량은 최대등척성수축량 (%MVIC)과 입각기 100%(0%: 초기접지; 100%: 발가락떼기)로 정규화하였다. 후족에 착용한 wedged insole 각도에 따른 초기 및 후기 입각기 시 최대 슬관절 내번 토크의 평균값과 입각기 시의 근전도 신호량을 비교하기 위해 반복측정된 일요인 분산분석(one-way repeated ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 연구결과 초기 입각기 시 내측 10°, 15° 각도의 wedged insole 적용 시 최대 슬관절 내번 토크는 각각 정상 보행 시 보다 유의하게 증가하였다(p>0.05). 그리고 외측 10°, 15° 각도의 wedged insole 적용 시 최대 슬관절 내번 토크는 각각 정상 보행 시 보다 유의하게 감소하였다(p0.05). 후기 입각기 시 내측 10°, 15° 각도의 wedged insole 적용 시 최대 슬관절 내번 토크는 각각 정상 보행 시 보다 유의하게 증가하였다(p0.05). 또한 내측 10°와 15° 그리고 외측 10°와 15°간에는 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). Wedged insole 각도에 따른 입각기 시 각 근육의 근전도 신호량은 모든 근육에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 결과 후족에 착용한 wedged insole이 슬관절의 내·외측 구획 힘(compartment force)에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 슬관절 내·외측 구획 힘을 조절하기 위한 wedged insole과 같은 보조기를 제작하는데 필요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 향후 내·외측 구획에 병변이 있는 퇴행성 슬관절염 환자를 대상으로 wedged insole 각도에 따른 슬관절 내번 토크를 비교하는 연구가 필요할 것이다. [영문] The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the angle of a wedged insole on knee varus torque and electromyographic activity during walking. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited. Knee varus torque and electromyographic (EMG) activity were measured using three-dimensional motion analysis (Elite) and a surface EMG system. Knee varus torque was normalized to gait cycle (0%: initial contact; 100%: ipsilateral initial contact) and muscle activity was normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC) and stance phase (0%: initial contact; 100%: ipsilateral toe off). The averaged peak knee varus torque and muscle activity (tensor fascia latae, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscle) during the stance phase of the gait cycle according to the different insole angles (10 or 15 degrees) were compared using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The results showed that in the early stance phase, the average peak knee varus torque increased significantly for both the medial 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions and decreased significantly for both the lateral 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions as compared with no insole (p 0.05). In the late stance phase, the average peak knee varus torque increased significantly for the medial 10 and 15 degree wedged insole conditions (p 0.05). Comparison of EMG amplitudes across all conditions revealed no significant differences among all muscles (p > 0.05). We suggest that these results may be beneficial for manufacturing foot orthotic devices, such as wedged insoles, to control medial and lateral compartment forces in the knee varus-valgus deformity. Further studies of the effect of wedged insole angle on knee varus torque in patients with medial-lateral knee osteoarthritis are needed.ope

교육연극을 활용한 외국어로서 독일어 학습 방안

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :외국어교육과 독어전공,2002.Maste

Comprison research on system of strategic planning by country : focused on national human resource development plan of Korea, USA and Japan

학위논문(석사) --서울대학교 대학원 :행정학과(정책학전공),2007.Maste

Study on functions of the TM4SF5 intracellular domains

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 약학과, 2012. 8. 이정원.TM4SF5는197amino acid로 구성되어 막을 4번 통과하는 transmembrane glycoprotein으로 여러 암종에서 발현이 보고되어온 tetraspanin의 subfamily이다. Integrin과의 cross-talk를 통해 단일 세포 차원에서는 EMT(epithelial-mesenchymal transition)을 유도함으로써 cell의 morphological change 뿐만이 아니라 actin reorganization을 통한 migration과 invasion, 세포 주기 이행 조절을 통한 cell proliferation 촉진이 알려져 있다. 하지만 TM4SF5의 단백질을 매개로 어떻게 intracellular signal로 매개되는지 그 메커니즘에 관해서는 밝혀져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 간암 세포주를 이용하여 TM4SF5 막단백질의 intracellular domain들의 기능에 관한 연구를 수행하게 되었다. TM4SF5의 intra cellular loop domain과 C-terminal domain의 deletion mutant를 통한 연구 결과, TM4SF5에 의한 FAK 활성은 TM4SF5의 intra cellular loop를 통한 FAK과의 직접적인 binding을 필요로 한다는 것을 β1 integrin antibody와 TM4SF5 inhibitor를 통해서 관찰할 수 있었다. C-terminal domain을 통해서는 TM4SF5에 의한 p130Cas의 활성 및 ROS생성에 변화가 관찰되었다. 특히 외부 ECM의 농도변화에 따른 cell replating assay를 통해 TM4SF5에 의한 p130Cas 활성이 달라지는 것을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구들을 통해 다양한 외부환경, 특히 ECM에 대해 TM4SF5에 의한 일련의 FAK 활성 및 mechanosensing과 관련된 p130Cas의 활성화 기능이 TM4SF5의 intracellular domain에 의해 조절되는 기전이 존재함을 제시한다.Transmembrane4 L six family member5 (TM4SF5), a branch of the tetraspanin superfamily, is a tetratransmembrane glycoprotein that consists of 197 amino acid. Certain tetraspanins are highly expressed in tumor cells from many types of cancers, whereas TM4SF5 is reported to be over-expressed in hepatocarcinoma. The biological functions of TM4SF5 are predicted to be rendered in tetraspain-enriched microdomains (TERM), although direct evidence has not been previously shown. In previous studies, TM4SF5 is known to cross-talk with integrins and induces EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) at the cellular level, resulting in not only morphological elongation change through actin reorganization, but also promotion of cell migration/invasion and cell proliferation. However, the direct roles of TM4SF5 in intracellular signal transduction remain largely unknown. Here we explored the mechanistic roles of TM4SF5 in intracellular signal transduction. In this study, we have investigated the roles of TM4SF5 intracellular domain by using its deletion mutants of the cytoplasmic regions of TM4SF5 in diverse functions human hepatocarcinoma cells. An interesting aspect in TM4SF5 roles was observed with respect to both its intracellular loop domain and C-terminal domain. At first, we found that the functional blocking anti-integrin β1 antibody and TSAHC inhibitor treatment abolished TM4SF5-enhanced FAK signaling activity. Moreover, we identified that the binding between TM4SF5 intracellular loop domain and FAK was essential for the TM4SF5-mediated FAK activation. Further study of TM4SF5 C-terminal deletion mutant, we observed that TM4SF5 regulates p130Cas signaling activity and ROS generation via its C-terminal domain. In addition, we revealed that the involvement of p130Cas activity which is known to mediate mechanosensing is associated with the differential regulation by TM4SF5 C-terminal domain depending on time and different extracellular environment, in particular, extracellular matrix concentration under cell adhesion-dependent condition. It is of further interest to determine the identification of a role for TM4SF5-mediated p130Cas regulation during mechanosensing and or ROS signaling. Altogether, this study suggests the mechanism of TM4SF5-mediated FAK activation and the mechanosensitive p130Cas activation via the TM4SF5 intracellular domains and partially gives a insight into the role of TM4SF5 in liver cancer.ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION REFERENCEMaste

Standing wall stretching 시 내측 아치 지지대가 비복근의 근-건 연접부 전위에 미치는 영향

Dept. of Rahabilitation Therapy/박사[한글] [영문]Standing wall stretching is often prescribed to increase ankle dorsiflexion range of motion for sports fitness and rehabilita￢tion. However, the effect of standing wall stretching with medial arch support on the displacement of the myotendinous junction (DMTJ) is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of standing wall stretching with and without medial arch supports (WMAS versus WOMAS) on the DMTJ of the medial gastrocnemius, rearfoot angle, and navicular height in subjects with neutral foot align￢ment and pes planus. Fifteen subjects with neutral foot alignment and 15 subjects with pes planus performed standing wall stretching under WMAS and WOMAS conditions. Measurements of DMTJ and rearfoot position were performed using ultra￢sonography and video imaging. Navicular height was measured using a ruler. Dependent variables were examined with a 2-way mixed-design analysis of variance. The 2 factors were foot type (neutral foot versus pes planus) and stretching condition (WMAS versus WOMAS). This result of the study showed that there were significant interactions of medial arch support by foot type for DMTJ, rearfoot angle, and navicular drop (p < 0.01). A post hoc paired t test showed that standing wall stretching in the WMAS condition significantly increased the DMTJ, compared to stretching in the WOMAS condition, in subjects with neutral foot (mean ± SD, 9.6 ± 1.6 versus 10.5 ± 1.6 ㎜; difference, 0.9 ㎜; 99% CI: 0.4-1.4 ㎜) and in those with pes planus (10.0 ± 1.8 versus 12.7 ± 2.0 ㎜; difference, 2.7 ㎜; 99% CI: 1.9-3.5 ㎜) (p < 0.01). When comparing WOMAS and WMAS, the differ￢ence in DMTJ (1.8 ㎜; 99% CI: 0.9-2.7 ㎜) was significantly greater in subjects with pes planus than in those with neutral foot (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that standing wall stretching with medial arch support maintained subtalar joint neutral position and increased the length of the gastrocnemius in subjects with pes planus. When prescribing standing wall stretching, clinicians need to emphasize the use of medial arch support to effectively stretch the gastrocnemius in subjects with pes planus.ope

Development of Neuronal Culture System for the Marine Mollusk Aplysia kurodai

학위논문(석사)--서울大學校 大學院 :生物學科,1996.Maste

Development of Particulate Matter Concentration Estimation Models on Roadway and Tunnel Sections

학위논문(박사)--아주대학교 일반대학원 :교통공학과,2022. 8지구온난화, 미세먼지 등의 환경요인이 전 세계적으로 관심도가 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 국내에도 미세먼지 저감을 위해 많은 정책들이 수립되어 시행되고 있다. 미세먼지(PM) 저감을 위해서는 현상규명, 감시, 통합예측으로 정확한 데이터를 가지고 미세먼지(PM) 발생 원인을 파악하며, 지속적인 관리체계를 구축하는 것이 필요하다. 그러나 현재는 국내 도로구간에서 발생하는 미세먼지에 관한 영향 인자에 대한 정확한 분석 결과와 이를 활용한 예측 모형이 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 도로구간과 터널구간으로 분류하여 초미세먼지(PMR,2.5)와 미세먼지(PMR,10) 농도 추정 모형 개발을 위해 미세먼지(PM) 영향인자간의 상관성을 분석하였고 이를 바탕으로 회귀분석 모형을 구축하여 교통량에 따른 초미세먼지(PM2.5)와 미세먼지(PM10) 농도에 대한 민감도를 분석 시행하였다. 분석 결과, 시간당 교통량이 1,000대 증가함에 따라 도로주변지역의 초미세먼지(PMR,2.5) 농도는 약 2.421μg 증가할 수 있으며, 미세먼지(PMR,10) 농도는 약 6.769μg 증가할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 기계학습기반의 미세먼지(PM) 농도 추정 모형을 구축하였으며, 선형회귀모형, 합성곱신경망모형, 랜덤포레스트모형의 3가지 모형을 비교하였고 그 중 가장 우수한 모형으로는 랜덤포레스트 모형을 제시하였다. 랜덤포레스트 모형으로 모형별 구축 결과, 도로구간 초미세먼지(PMR,2.5)의 결정계수(R2)는 0.74, MAE는 5.78로 분석되었으며, 미세먼지(PMR,10)의 결정계수(R2)는 0.71, MAE는 9.60으로 분석되었다. 또한, 터널구간의 초미세먼지(PMT,2.5) 모형의 결정계수(R2)는 0.95, MAE는 2.81, 미세먼지(PMT,10) 모형의 결정계수(R2)는 0.90, MAE는 11.74로 분석 되었다. 이와 같은 평가 결과, 도로 및 터널구간의 초미세먼지(PM2.5)와 미세먼지(PM10) 농도 추정 모형은 모든 경우에서 랜덤포레스트 모형이 가장 오차가 적은 모형으로 나타났다. 그리고 본 연구에서 개발된 모형에 대한 실제적인 활용방안을 제시하였다.제1장 서론 1 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 1 1. 연구의 배경 1 2. 연구의 목적 4 제2절 연구의 범위 5 제3절 연구의 수행절차 및 방법 6 제2장 이론적 배경 7 제1절 미세먼지 저감 정책 7 1. 미세먼지 정의 7 2. 미세먼지 관련 주요 법제 8 3. 미세먼지 저감 정책 9 제2절 이론 고찰 12 1. 상관분석 12 2. 회귀분석 14 제3절 기존 연구 고찰 23 1. 미세먼지 영향인자와의 상관성 23 2. 미세먼지 농도 추정 연구 26 제4절 시사점 및 기존 연구와의 차별성 29 제3장 자료 수집 및 기초 분석 30 제1절 데이터 수집 30 1. 도로구간 데이터 수집 30 2. 터널구간 데이터 수집 37 제2절 데이터 구축 44 1. 변수선정 44 2. 데이터 구축 46 3. 데이터 병합 53 4. 이상치 제거 55 제3절 상관관계 분석 57 1. 초미세먼지(PM2.5) 상관분석 결과 57 2. 미세먼지(PM10) 상관분석 결과 58 3. 상관분석 종합 결과 59 제4절 시사점 61 제4장 미세먼지 농도 추정 모형 개발 62 제1절 도로구간 미세먼지 농도 추정 모형 개발 62 1. 분석 방법론 62 2. 통계기반 모형 개발 63 3. 기계학습(Machine Learning)기반 모형 개발 72 4. 도로구간 초미세먼지(PMR,2.5) 농도 추정 모형 구축결과 73 5. 도로구간 미세먼지(PMR,10) 농도 추정 모형 구축결과 79 6. 도로구간 모형 이전성(Model Transferability) 검증 85 제2절 터널구간 미세먼지 농도 추정 모형 개발 88 1. 분석 방법론 88 2. 터널구간 초미세먼지(PMT,2.5) 농도 추정 모형 구축결과 90 3. 터널구간 미세먼지(PMT,10) 농도 추정 모형 구축결과 96 4. 터널구간 미세먼지 농도 예측 102 제3절 활용방안 104 제5장 결론 및 향후 연구과제 105 제1절 결 론 105 제2절 향후 연구과제 107 참고문헌 108DoctoralWorldwide interest regarding environmental factors such as global warming and fine particles is consistently increasing. South Korea is also establishing and implementing numerous policies to reduce fine particles. To reduce fine particles (PM), it is necessary to establish a continuous management system by identifying the causes with accurate data obtained through phenomenon investigation, monitoring, and integrated prediction. However, currently, there is no accurate analysis of influencing factors regarding PM occurring at South Korean road sections and adequate prediction models using such analysis. The study analyzed the correlation between fine particle (PM) influencing factors by classifying them into road and tunnel sections to develop a concentration estimation model of ultrafine particle (PMR,2.5) and fine particle (PM10). A regression analysis model was built based on the above. Using the model, the sensitivity to ultrafine particle (PMR,2.5) and fine particle (PM10) concentrations according to traffic volume was analyzed. The analysis revealed that when traffic volume per hour increases by one thousand vehicles, the concentration of ultrafine particle (PMR,2.5) in the road vicinity may increase by approximately 2.421μg, while the concentration of fine particle (PM10) may increase by approximately 6.769μg. A machine learning-based fine particle(PM) concentration estimation model was built. Three models, including the linear regression model, a convolutional neural network model, and a random forest model, were compared, and the random forest model was proposed as the best one. The results of the random forest model constructed for each model are as follows. For the road section, the coefficient of determination (R2) of the ultrafine particle (PMR,2.5) model was 0.74, and MAE was 5.78. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the fine particle (PMR,10) model was 0.71, and MAE was 9.60. For the tunnel section, the coefficient of determination (R2) of the ultrafine particle (PMT,2.5) model was 0.95, and MAE was 2.81. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the fine particle (PMT,10) model was 0.90, and MAE was 11.74. The evaluation revealed that the random forest model displayed the least amount of error in the concentration estimation model of ultrafine particle (PM2.5) and fine particle (PM10) in all cases of road and tunnel sections. Additionally, a practical application plan for the model developed in the study is proposed

IEEE 802.11기반의 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서 내부 트래픽과 외부간섭을 고려한 동적 채널할당에 대한 연구

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 전기 및 전자공학과, 2011.2, [ v, 52 p. ]Channel assignment aims to reduce interference by carefully assigning a channel to each radio. The dynamic channel assignment based on internal usage can improve the throughput of multi-channel, multi-radio wireless mesh networks by selecting the least used channel, thereby resulting in a low level of interference. However, simply assigning the least-used channel among mesh nodes is not sufficient to reduce the interference in a network. This is because today’s numerous urban areas around the world are covered by dense 802.11 Wi-Fi networks which may operate on the same channel used by mesh nodes, generating significant external interference. As a result, even though channel assignment schemes choose the least-used channel for a radio, if that channel is being heavily utilized by external nodes, it may not be the best channel. Therefore, relying exclusively on the dynamic channel assignment considering only internal usage can significantly degrade network throughput due to the external interference from co-located wireless network. In this paper, we proposed a distributed dynamic channel assignment algorithm which takes both the internal usage and external interference in a wireless mesh network into account. However, accounting for the external interference in channel assignments is a challenge since all external nodes do not allow internal mesh nodes to acquire their traffic information and do not cooperate with internal mesh nodes. Since a mesh node does not have information about which channel the external nodes are on, each mesh node has to monitor all the available channels to obtain the traffic information of the external nodes. However, monitoring all the available channels by channel switching can cause the flow disruption of current data traffic and performance degradation. To avoid these problems, the proposed algorithm does not perform channel switching to monitor external interference but the cooperation between the mesh nodes within a neighborhood...한국과학기술원 : 전기 및 전자공학과

IEEE 802.11기반의 무선 메쉬 네트워크에서 내부 트래픽과 외부간섭을 고려한 동적 채널할당에 대한 연구

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 전기 및 전자공학과, 2011.2, [ v, 52 p. ]Channel assignment aims to reduce interference by carefully assigning a channel to each radio. The dynamic channel assignment based on internal usage can improve the throughput of multi-channel, multi-radio wireless mesh networks by selecting the least used channel, thereby resulting in a low level of interference. However, simply assigning the least-used channel among mesh nodes is not sufficient to reduce the interference in a network. This is because today’s numerous urban areas around the world are covered by dense 802.11 Wi-Fi networks which may operate on the same channel used by mesh nodes, generating significant external interference. As a result, even though channel assignment schemes choose the least-used channel for a radio, if that channel is being heavily utilized by external nodes, it may not be the best channel. Therefore, relying exclusively on the dynamic channel assignment considering only internal usage can significantly degrade network throughput due to the external interference from co-located wireless network. In this paper, we proposed a distributed dynamic channel assignment algorithm which takes both the internal usage and external interference in a wireless mesh network into account. However, accounting for the external interference in channel assignments is a challenge since all external nodes do not allow internal mesh nodes to acquire their traffic information and do not cooperate with internal mesh nodes. Since a mesh node does not have information about which channel the external nodes are on, each mesh node has to monitor all the available channels to obtain the traffic information of the external nodes. However, monitoring all the available channels by channel switching can cause the flow disruption of current data traffic and performance degradation. To avoid these problems, the proposed algorithm does not perform channel switching to monitor external interference but the cooperation between the mesh nodes within a neighborh...한국과학기술원 : 전기 및 전자공학과