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    ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ : ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์›/์„์‚ฌ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” 2010๋…„ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ น์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ธ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋น„ 11%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , 2010๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์€ํ‡ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ด์ „ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋…ธํ›„์ค€๋น„ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์  ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ นํ™”๋œ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์†์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์€ 2013๋…„ ๋ฐ 2014๋…„์— ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ€๋จธ ์ค‘, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์ธ์ ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ 542๋ช…์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํƒœ, ์€ํ‡ด์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ชฉ์ , ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์€ํ‡ด ์ „ ์ง์ข…๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ผ์น˜ ํฌ๋ง๋„, ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๋„ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์† ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€์™€ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ T-test, ๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„(ANOVA)์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์—ฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์ œ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€์™€ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ˜• ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์† ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€์™€ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 94.8%(์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€ ์žˆ์Œ), 4.51์ (5์  ๋งŒ์ )์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€์™€ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€๋Š” 0.91๋ฐฐ(OR=0.91, 95%CI=0.83, 1.00, p=0.0506) ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(ฮฒ=0.0067, p=0.3192). ํŠนํžˆ ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€์™€ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ ํ•™๋ ฅ์ž์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก(๋Œ€์กธ: OR=4.56, 95%CI=1.65, 12.60, p=0.0034, ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ด์ƒ: OR=8.11, 95%CI=1.63, 40.50, p=0.0107), ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ €ํ•™๋ ฅ์ž์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(๋Œ€์กธ: ฮฒ=-0.1061, p=0.0947, ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ด์ƒ: ฮฒ=-0.1578, p=0.0584, ref=๊ณ ์กธ). ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“์ž์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€๋Š” ์ €์†Œ๋“์ž์˜ 1.68๋ฐฐ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ(95%CI=0.68, 4.18, p=0.2646), ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“์ž์˜ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ €์†Œ๋“์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(200๋งŒ์› ์ด์ƒ: ฮฒ=-0.0988, p=0.0936, ref=200๋งŒ์› ๋ฏธ๋งŒ). ์ด๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ํ•™๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์ฒ˜(์ˆ˜์š”์ฒ˜)๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์‹ค์Šต์„ ์šด์˜ํ•  ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋œ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, 2014๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€(98.2%๊ฐ€ โ€˜์žˆ์Œโ€™์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ต) ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(4.59์ )๊ฐ€ 2013๋…„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์˜์ง€(91.4%๊ฐ€ โ€˜์žˆ์Œโ€™์œผ๋กœ ์‘๋‹ต) ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก๋งŒ์กฑ๋„(4.42์ )์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ(p=0.0003), ์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ปจ์†Œ์‹œ์—„๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์š”์ฒ˜์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ œ๊ณต์ž์˜ ์ ๊ทน์„ฑ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ€๋จธ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฐฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 2014๋…„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์‹ค์Šต๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ด 5์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 4.13์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(์ข‹์Œ: 4.14์ , ๋‚˜์จ: 3.25์ , p=0.129). ์‹ค์Šต์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ 1์ฐจ ์ด๋ก ๊ต์œก ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‹ค์Šต๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ(๋งŒ์กฑ: 4.36์ , ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์กฑ: 3.61์ , p<.0001), ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ€๋จธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์‹ค์Šต์˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์Šต์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹ค์Šต๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ(ฮฒ=0.0022, p=0.0384), ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ€๋จธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์‹ค์Šต๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€ ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ข…๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ˆ˜์š”์ฒ˜์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํ›„๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™ ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์–‘์  ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์งˆ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋  ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ๊ณผ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 50๋Œ€ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์˜ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์œจ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ, ์ด๋“ค์ด 65์„ธ ์ดํ›„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งž์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ยท์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์ด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฐฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ€๋จธ๋“ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ํŒŒ์•…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์‹ค์Šต ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœยท์šด์˜์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋ฒ ์ด๋น„๋ถ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณตํ—Œํ™œ๋™์— ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.ope

    ์ค‘์†Œ๋„์‹œ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์กด์žฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถ•๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒดํ—˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๊ตฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์กด์žฌ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์—ฌํƒ€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์— ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์–‘์œก๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ฐ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜ ์ด์— ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์‹ค์ฒœ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด๋ž€ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ฐ๋œ ์ฐจ์ด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋ž€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋˜๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋ž€ ๋ชฐ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐ๋˜์–ด ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œ์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— 2008๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2009๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ X์‹œ์˜ ๋‘ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งค๋งคํ˜ผ๊ณผ๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€, ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋™์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋งŒ๋‚จ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ์ค‘์†Œ ๋„์‹œ์— ์ƒํƒœ์  ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฅ˜์ธต์œผ๋กœ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์  ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ์ด์ฃผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์ž์˜์ , ํƒ€์˜์  ํ•œ๊ตญํ™” ์†์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ์••๋„์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญํ™”์˜ ์••๋ ฅ ์†์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ ํ•˜์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์ž๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•™๊ต๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ธธํ•ญ ์†์— ๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋จผ์ € ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋  ๋•Œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•™์—…๊ณผ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ์ ์‘๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋  ๋•Œ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ชจ์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™์—…์ง€์› ์ด ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ด๋“ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๋กœ์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์˜ ์ด๋ฉด์—๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ , ์ œ๋„์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์นจ๋ฌต๊ณผ ์ˆœ์‘, ๊ด€๋ง ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์‹œ์™€ ๊ดด๋กญํž˜, ๋”ฐ๋Œ๋ฆผ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์€ํ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค์˜ ๋ถ€์ • ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ํ™•์ธ, ๋†€๋ฆผ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์š• ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๋„์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๋˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃธ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ถ€์ง„๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ ์‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ณด์™„์  ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ํ˜ธ๋ช…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‹ค์กด์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋“ค์„ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์™€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ์••๋„์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ตญ์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ด ๋…ธ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€, ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ถŒ์œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•™๊ต๋‚ด ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์–‘์ƒ, ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์‹ค์ฒœ์˜ ์ด๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์šฐ์—ด์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ๋™์ผ์ž์  ์ฐจ์ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์  ์ฐจ์ด์ด๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์šฐ์—ด์  ์ฐจ์ด์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ‰๋“ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ถ„ ํ•˜์— ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•™์—…๊ณผ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์  ์ ์‘์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ ์‘ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šฐ์—ด์  ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์‹ค์กด์  ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก์€ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ์„œ ์กด์ค‘๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ˆ„๋ ค์•ผ ํ•  ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ฆ์— ๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋™์ผ์ž์  ์ฐจ์ด์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๊ตญํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ฃผ๋˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋™ํ™”์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์šฉ์ธ๋˜๊ณ  ์ธ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋กœ์ง€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์™ธ๋ชจ์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•๋œ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์™€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์˜คํ•ด๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€, ํ•œ๊ตญ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์ƒ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์„ญ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™ํ™”์  ์••๋ ฅ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ•œ๊ตญํ™”๋œ ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์†Œ๋ชจ์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก์€ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œํ˜œ์  ์–ต์••์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ํ•ด์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์  ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์  ํ˜ธ๋ช… ์†์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์‹ค์กด์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์˜ˆ์™ธ์™€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ ํ•˜์—์„œ, ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์š”๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์†Œ์™ธ์  ์ฒดํ—˜์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ด€์Šต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์  ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต์  ํ˜„์‹ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ถ€์ •์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์š”์ปจ๋Œ€ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ญ์„ค์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์˜ ์‹œ๋„ ์†์—์„œ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์‹ค์กด์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ“๊ฐ€๋กœ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€, ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์—ด๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์™ธ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์„ธํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.We all are the existence of differences. We live through with our own differences and meet those of another's, which sometimes may be a bless or other times a misfortune. Recently, there have come to appear the people whom called 'Damunhwa' that means 'multicultural' in Korea. In Korea, usually, many kinds of people such as guest-workers, North Korean refugees, marriage immigrants, and their siblings are all included into the category of 'Damunhwa'. One of this many Damunhwa is the children of 'Damunhwa-Family' based of international marriage. However, while the children of international-marriage family have not yet recognized as a differential group which have their own differences, so that they were dealt with as the same people called 'Damunhwa' and researched altogether by means of the category of 'Damunhwa'. For this backgrounds, I made a participant-observation in two elementary schools of X-city around Seoul, met 13 children and interviewed some of their parents and teachers for 10 months. The cases of international-marriage included this study were all maternal international-marriage, only except one case. In the study, first, I aimed to reveal in what situations and by what way the children of international-marriage were raised in their family, and what attitude their parents had on their multicultural backgrounds. Also, I tried to show how the difference of the children were perceived and recognized in school, how the 'visiblization' and 'invisiblization' were varied by the change of recognization on difference, and what individual, institutional practices were found through those processs. In my opinion, difference is not a something fixed, but a flexible one which is varied depending on the context which the difference is located or the subject who perceive the difference. In other words, difference perceived as a difference may be changed by whom or under what situations it is perceived. Based on this fact, I suggest a new concept 'visiblization' and invisibilization. Visibilization means a phenomenon something was considered as a difference, which invoked and mentioned continuously among the people. On the contrary, 'invisiblization' means a phenomenon something was not regarded as a difference, which ignored and unnoticed among the people. From this point of view, I tried to expose the logic of schooling especially on difference, and interpret the meaning of schooling to the children. The families of maternal international-marriage of this study was under the very unique circumstances. Compared to so called 'purchasing marriage' by the commercial broker found in the countryside of Korea, their marriages were originated from the casual encounter and romantic love accompanied by the global social, economic change and population mobility. Furthermore, they had their residence on the X-city as an isolated household, holding economically middle or lower class. The women of these family were assimilated with the Korean culture, so did their children either. In school, the children of marternal international-marriage were under the tension between 'visivlization' and 'invisiblization', depending on the perception of diversity on the difference. They were treated with as 'common students' in a way, meanwhile as 'special stuudents', that is 'damunhwa' in other way. When they were perceived as a common one, their 'visiblization' were decided by the degree of adaptability in 'school achievements' and 'life-adjustments'. On the other hand, when they were perceived as a 'damunhwa', their visibilization were decided by the similarity in 'appearance' and 'Korean'. As a common students, the 'visiblization' of children in this study were varied depending on the social, economic conditions of the family, academic help of their parents. In comparison, as a 'damunhwa', they were invisiblized generally without receiving any attention on their multicultural aspect from others. However, though under some conditions, their multicultural background attracted attention of people, not successively but only temporally. I also have found that there are human, institutional practices which promotes 'visibilization' and 'invisiblization' of the children. Above all, for human practices, meanwhile the children tried to invisiblize themselves by 'silence' and 'conformity' etc, the other children intended to visiblize them by 'ignoring', 'teasing' and 'bullying'. At the same time, the children aimed to be invisibilized by denying the multicultural background, facts and identity, while, contrastively the other children made them visible by 'dredging up', 'ridiculing', 'insulting' some facts of them related with their multicultural background. Next, for institutional practices, they were forced to be invisiblized by the school's general tendency to deal with them as a 'common students'. Despite of the orientation of school's, some of them were visibilized as 'underachievement' or 'maladaptation' without any proper support for their 'multicultural difference' and 'existential difference'. Furthermore, they were distinguished and called as 'damunhwa' for grouping category in the activity provided for them, so that they were seemed to be difficult to avoid visiblized as an 'exception' and 'minority'. While, however, the visibilizing practices of them as 'damunhwa' was somewhat rare phenomena to be found in school, on the contrary to this, the invisiblizing practices of them as common students were more dominant tendency to be seen. In short, they were supposed, recommended to be invisiblized under the overwhelming assimilatory pressure and atmosphere of the school. Finally, on the basis of discussion above, I interpreted the meaning and logic of difference assumed in activities and practices of the school. I would like to suggest three kinds of perspectives on differences which may be the prerequisite for the schooling. Most of all, it is 'difference of superiority' that forms the foundation of schooling. As referred to earlier, in school, the children of international-marriage family were demanded for adaptation in 'school achievements' and 'life-adjustments', and recognized as only the difference of degree in their adjustment, though the multicultural difference and 'existential difference' of them were not considered at all in the process. In other words, the any difference of 'damunhwa' were not regarded as difference itself, therefore, which means schooling may be a 'discrimination' to them. Also, it is 'difference of oneness' that dominate the atmosphere of the school. The children of international-marriage family were enforced to assimilate 'the Korean', and understood as objects for 'multicultural-program' which its aim is at compensation for deficiency of 'the Korean'. Not only this, of course, made them more or less visible as 'exception' and 'minority', but also, at the same time, ignored any 'multiculcultural difference' of them. In sum, under excessive assimilatory pressure, they could not help but being the beneficiaries of 'oppressive dispensations', which is sometimes needless and other times inappropriate as well. In addition, it is 'difference of category' that conditions activities of the multicultural program of the school. The categorical interpellation of 'damunhwa' made the children of international-marriage family somewhat visible, so that they were identified with various social prejudices which has hardly any relation with their individual, existential situations in some cases. The children had no choice but to experience a kind of split between 'visiblization' compelled in public and 'invisiblization' recommended in private, which would have meant an experience of 'alienation' to them. To conclude, under these three assumptions on difference of the school, the children of international-marriage family were successfully invisiblized, which, however, always lead to another kind of 'visiblization'. They should lose or give up their existential, multicultural differences to be a 'common Korean', by which inevitably made some of them visible as an 'inferior' or an 'exception'.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1_x000D_ 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1_x000D_ 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 11_x000D_ 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณผ์ • 12_x000D_ 4. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 60_x000D_ _x000D_ ์ œ2์žฅ ๋ชจ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๊ฐ€์ • 78_x000D_ 1. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ€์ • 79_x000D_ 2. ์ƒํƒœ์  ํŠน์ง• 97_x000D_ 3. ์–‘์œก๊ณผ ๊ต์œก 125_x000D_ 4. ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ 146_x000D_ _x000D_ ์ œ3์žฅ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™”์™€ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” 162_x000D_ 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์ฐจ์› 163_x000D_ 2. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ฐจ์› 184_x000D_ _x000D_ ์ œ4์žฅ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์‹ค์ฒœ 198_x000D_ 1. ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ฐจ์› 200_x000D_ 2. ์ œ๋„์  ์ฐจ์› 242_x000D_ _x000D_ ์ œ5์žฅ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ํ•™๊ต 281_x000D_ 1. ์šฐ์—ด์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ํ‰๋“ฑ 282_x000D_ 2. ๋™์ผ์ž์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์‹œํ˜œ์  ์–ต์•• 286_x000D_ 3. ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์  ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์†Œ์™ธ์  ์ฒดํ—˜ 290_x000D_ _x000D_ ์ œ6์žฅ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  295_x000D_ _x000D_ ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 301_x000D_ _x000D_ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋˜์–ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 309_x000D_ _x000D_ Abstract 317Docto

    "์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž"์˜ ๋ชฐ์ž…์ฒดํ—˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œกํ•™์ „๊ณต,2000.Maste
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