29 research outputs found

    ์ธ์ง€์  ์œตํ†ต์„ฑ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ํ•˜์ดํผํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•™์Šต ํšจ๊ณผ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ „๊ณต,1997.Maste

    ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋‹จ์ผํ•„์ง€ ๋„์‹œ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๊ฑด์ถ•์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ,2011.2.Maste

    A Study on Architectural Planning of Urban Housing Built in Small Single Lot

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2011.2. ๊น€์ŠนํšŒ.Maste

    Phenomenological study regarding the experiences of life among nursing home residents

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์— ๋ถ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ์†Œ์žฌ ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค 2๊ณณ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 76์„ธ-96์„ธ ๋…ธ์ธ 11๋ช…์œผ๋กœ, ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 2010๋…„ 5์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2011๋…„ 3์›”๊นŒ์ง€์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ผ๋Œ€์ผ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ฉด๋‹ด ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋Š” 2ํšŒ-4ํšŒ์ด๋ฉฐ, 1ํšŒ ๋ฉด๋‹ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 25๋ถ„-1์‹œ๊ฐ„ 40๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ณผ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์€ Colaizzi(1978)์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 9๊ฐœ ์ฃผ์ œ, 30๊ฐœ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 9๊ฐœ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” 1) โ€˜๋‚˜โ€™๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ, 2) ์ต์ˆ™ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง, 3) ๋‹จ์กฐ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ฃŒํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์ด ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ด, 4) ํƒ€์ธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜, 5) ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ ค ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ, 6) ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋Œ€์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ์š”๋ น์„ ์ตํ˜€๋‚˜๊ฐ, 7) ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›€, 8) ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ™€๊ฐ€๋ถ„ํ•จ, 9) ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ถ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•จ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒํ•™์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž…์†Œ๋Š” โ€˜๋‚˜โ€™๋ผ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‚ฏ์„ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™œ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ˆ์ „์˜ ์ต์ˆ™ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ์  ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•˜๋ฃจํ•˜๋ฃจ์˜ ๋‹จ์กฐ๋กญ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ฃŒํ•œ ์ผ์ƒ์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜จ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋น„์ถฐ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์— ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋ ค ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ์— ์ˆœ์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์  ์š”๋ น์„ ์ตํ˜€๋‚˜๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ์ง‘, ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์ด์›ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›€์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์น˜๋‚˜, ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ํ™€๊ฐ€๋ถ„ํ•จ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค์„ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋‘ฅ์ง€๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์š”์–‘์‹œ์„ค ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ , ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.ope

    Effects of deer antler extract on bone metabolism and biological activities in growing and osteoporosis model rats

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ,2006.Docto

    Information seeking by elders and their demands for participation in decision-making regarding treatment of disease

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์กด์ค‘์ด ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์  ํ๋ฆ„์†์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์ถ”๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์—์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋…ธ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์— ์ œํ•œ์ด ์—†๋Š” 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋…ธ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์†Œ์žฌ 5๊ฐœ ๋…ธ์ธ ๋ณต์ง€๊ด€๊ณผ 5๊ณณ์˜ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋…ธ์ธ์ •์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ 165๋ช…์„ ํŽธ์˜์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 2004๋…„ 10์›” 12์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 11์›” 17์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ณต์ง€๊ด€๊ณผ ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ ๋…ธ์ธ์ •์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ 1:1๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ์›ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋…ธ์ธ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€์— ๊ธฐ์ž…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์†Œ์š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ 20๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” Ende ๋“ฑ(1989)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ Autonomy Preference Index๋กœ ์ •๋ณด์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ Cronbach''s ฮฑ๊ฐ’์€ 0.60๏ฝž0.79์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS 10.0 for Windows๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ •๋„, ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์—์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋ฅผ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ •๋„์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ t-test, ANOVA๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด์ถ”๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์—์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” Pearson correlation coefficient, ์ •๋ณด์ถ”๊ตฌ์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์—์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ •๋„๋Š” 0.0๏ฝž100.0์  ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท  74.9์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ์ •๋ณด ์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋Š” 0.0๏ฝž100.0์  ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท  45.1์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณผ๋•Œ, 0.0๏ฝž10.0์ ์ค‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์‹œ ํ‰๊ท  5.2์ , ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์‚ฌ๋ก€์‹œ ํ‰๊ท  5.0์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ธ ์šธํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์‹œ ํ‰๊ท  3.6์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. 3. ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๋Š” 0.0๏ฝž100.0์  ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท  67.2์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ฃผ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณ„๋กœ, 0.0๏ฝž10.0์ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ก€์‹œ ํ‰๊ท  8.0์ , ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์‚ฌ๋ก€์‹œ ํ‰๊ท  8.1์ , ์šธํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์‹œ ํ‰๊ท  6.4์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ๋‚จ์ž์ด๊ณ , ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๊ตญ์กธ์ดํ•˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ค‘์กธ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ์šฉ๋ˆ์ด ๋งŽ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™๋…„๋ฐฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์‹œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ก ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ๋™๊ฑฐํ˜„ํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ ๋ณธ์ธ๊ณผ ์ž๋…€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ •๋ณด์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ •๋ณด์ถ”๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ์šฉ๋ˆ(ฮฒ=.260), ๋™๋…„๋ฐฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์‹œ ์ธ์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ(ฮฒ=-.169), ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž ์œ ๋ฌด(ฮฒ=.122), ํ•™๋ ฅ(ฮฒ=.099), ์„ฑ๋ณ„(ฮฒ=.035)์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด 16.9%์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ค‘ ์งˆํ™˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก, ํ•™๋ ฅ์ด ๊ตญ์กธ์ดํ•˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ค‘์กธ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ„ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์งˆํ™˜์ˆ˜(ฮฒ=-.244), ํ•™๋ ฅ(ฮฒ=.165)์ด 9.3%์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6. ์—ฐ๋ น์ด ๋‚ฎ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋‚จ์ž์ผ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ์ž๋…€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์‹œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ๋™๊ฑฐํ˜„ํ™ฉ(ฮฒ=-.271), ์—ฐ๋ น(ฮฒ=-.198), ์„ฑ๋ณ„(ฮฒ=-.102)์ด๋ฉฐ 12.4%์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๋•Œ, ๋…ธ์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ณด์ถ”๊ตฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ• ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋…ธ์ธ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ž˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The purpose of this study was, through descriptive research, to provide fundamental data for nurses caring for elders by identifying their information seeking practices regarding disease treatment and their demands for participation in decision-making. The participants were 165 people, both men and women, 65 years or older who agreed to participate in the research, who did not have any limitations in ability to communicate and who participated in programs in any of five apartment centers for elderly people or five welfare facilities for elderly people located in the city of Seoul. The data were collected from October 12 to November 17, 2004. The data collection method was one-to-one interviews using a questionnaire or if the elders preferred, answering the questionnaire directly. It took about 20 minutes for each elder to complete the questionnaire. The measurement tool for this study was the Autonomy Preference Index developed by Ende et al.(1989), a scale on information seeking and demand for participation in decision-making that was revised by the investigator with the addition of a question to measure demand for participation in decision-making regarding disease treatment when the family was involved. The Cronbach''s alpha ranged from 0.60๏ฝž0.79. The data analysis used SPSS 10.0 for windows. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The average score for information seeking regarding disease treatment by the elders was a comparatively high with a score of 74.9 (possible range 0.0 to 100.0). 2. Demand by the elders to participate with the physician in decision-making regarding disease treatment had a mean score of 45.1 (possible range 0.0 to 100.0), showing a low average. Given virtual disease scenarios the elders responded with an average score for a common cold of 5.2 (possible range 0 to 10), and 5.2 for high blood-pressure indicating their demand for more equal participation with the physicians in decision-making on treatment for these two problems, but for congestive failure, the average was a low 3.6 indicating less demand for this more serious disease. 3. The average score for demand for participation in decision-making with the family was 67.2 points, indicating that the elders want a lead in decision-making in this case. For the virtual diseases of a common cold, the average was 8.0 (possible range 0 to 10), for hypertension, 8.1 and for congestive heart failure, 6.4. 4. Information seeking scores were higher for men, for those with middle-school graduation or higher, whose spouse was living, whose pocket money was adequate and who perceived that they were healthier. Information seeking scores were lower for elders with no spouse and who lived with one of their children, son or daughter. 5. The demand for participation in decision-making with the doctor regarding disease treatment was high for elderly men who had fewer diseases and had an education level of middle graduation or higher. 6. The demand for participation in decision-making with family for disease treatment was high for those in the lower age group and for men, but low for elders who lived with their children only. On the basis of the above, elders need to receive information about disease treatment not just because they are low on information seeking, but because they need treatment information. Also, the medical team should include in the decision-making process not only the family of the elder or the guardian but also the elders themselves, to encourage them to express their thoughts, and offer an opportunity in which decision-making can meet each person''s unique demands.ope

    Development and Validation of a Scale for the End of Life Caregiving Appraisal

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    Purpose End-of-life caregiving experiences can be complex. Family members experience physical and mental suffering as they anticipate their impending loss. Healthcare providers should be able to provide good quality of end-of-life (EOL) care and support for primary EOL caregivers. Studies have highlighted the role of healthcare providers providing information in the EOL situation to caregivers of chronic disease patients. This has resulted in the development of the End-of-life Caregiving Experience Appraisal Scale (EOLCAS) presented in this paper. The purposes of this study were to develop a scale that can evaluate the experiences of EOL caregivers, and to test the reliability and validity of this scale. Methods The scale domains were derived from systematic review of 35 relevant studies. We then examined its content validity with nurse scholars and clinicians using content validity index. To examine construct validity, a total of 175 caregivers from tertiary hospital setting in Korea participated in this study from December 2007 to May 2008. For the construct validity, factor analysis was utilized. Results The scale was composed of 32 items with four subscales: two negative appraisals (physical suffering and burden), one positive appraisal (maturation), and one neutral appraisal (social support pursuit). In this sample, the Cronbach's alpha for the entire scale was .84 indicating adequate reliability. However, Cronbach's alpha of subscales was varied. Conclusion Nurses and other healthcare professionals could use the EOLCAS to assess the experiences of EOL caregivers to understand their experience in the EOL and enhance their quality of life although psychometrics of EOLCAS shows limited findings.ope

    Development of a Stress Scale for Korean Nursing Students

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a stress measurement scale for Korean nursing students. Methods: Sixty preliminary items were selected by classifying 229 basic items extracted via literature review and Q-sorting method. In order to verify the reliability and validity of the preliminary instrument, data were collected from 617 nursing students in 2 colleges of nursing in Korea. Results: As a result of the item analysis, 58 items were selected. They consisted of 2 types of stress which were college-based stress (38 items) and clinical-based stress (20 items). Ten factors in college-based stress and four factors in clinical-based stress were extracted by factor analysis, and each had a total variance of 63.01 %, and 64.93%. Cronbach's Alpha of those 58 items were .937 in college-based stress and .922 in clinical-based stress, which was high. Conclusion: This paper is meaningful in a way that it has developed a tool capable of measuring stress for nursing students, which reflects the characteristics of our country. It is recommended for further study to re-verify the relevance and stability of this measurement.ope

    The Reaction of Children Labeled with Autism to Sound Stimuli from a Robot

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    This study aimed to discover how the stimulus of the noise from a robot affects a child through the interaction between a robot and autistic children. We selected four autistic children and derived the following ideas about the stimulus of the noise from a robot from a review of the literature: (1) The variation of the observation process and operation about the stimulus of the noise from the robot, (2) the children's reactions to the particular stimulus of the noise from the robot, (3) the test shows that children's reaction to the stimulus of the noise from the robot is positive. First, the study found that the noise from the robot could stimulate the children to observe and operate it, and that the children changed their observation process and operation in accordance with their conditions and interests. Second, the children responded in very different ways to the singing function of the robot. Third, our study showed that the sound stimuli from the robot positively affected children labeled with autism in imitation of speech and behavior.2

    Exploring Responses of Children Labeled with Autism to Auditory, Visual and Tactile Stimuli through Interacting with a Robot

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์žํ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์„ฑ ์žฅ์•  ์œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ, ์ด‰๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ ์ž๊ทน์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์žํ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์„ฑ ์žฅ์•  ๋‚จ์ž ์œ ์•„ 3๋ช…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์–‘์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์žํ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์„ฑ ์žฅ์•  ์œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ, ์ด‰๊ฐ์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ์˜€๋‹ค. ์žํ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์„ฑ ์žฅ์•  ์œ ์•„๋“ค์€ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์ž๋ฐœ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์žํ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์„ฑ ์žฅ์•  ์œ ์•„๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์žฌ๋งค์ฒด๋Š” ์œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๊ทน๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋  ๋•Œ ์œ ์•„๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์žฌ๋งค์ฒด์™€์˜ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.2
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