20 research outputs found

    The Effects of Issue-Centered Instructions on Multicultural Citizenship

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์ผ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ „๊ณต), 2015. 8. ๋ชจ๊ฒฝํ™˜.ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ดˆยท์ค‘๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์‹ค์ฒœ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์ข…์„ ์ดˆ์›”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์  ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ์ข…๊ณผ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์Šฌ๊ธฐ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ด๋ฏผ์ž, ๋ถํ•œ์ดํƒˆ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…๊ณผ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ด€๋ จ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ •๋น„์™€ ์ •์ฑ… ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๊ต์œก์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฏผํ˜๋ช… ์ดํ›„ 18-19์„ธ๊ธฐ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์ž์ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์–‘์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ต์œก์ด ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ๊ต์–‘์ธ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ต์œก์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž์งˆ ํ•จ์–‘์ด ์ค‘์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋„๋ž˜๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์šฐ์„ ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋™ํ™”์ฃผ์˜ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ฃผ์˜ ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ํ˜น์€ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ์™ธยท๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ˜น์€ ๋™ํ™”์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ฃผ์˜ ๊ต์œก์€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ทจ์˜ ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๊ต๊ณผํ•™์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹, ํƒœ๋„, ํ–‰๋™ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ํ™œ๋™์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ต์œก์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์€ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์€ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ์Ÿ์ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์€ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๊ณผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ต๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋„ท์งธ, ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช… ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์€ ์ธ์ง€, ์ •์„œ, ํ–‰๋™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ธ์ง€์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ, ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ํƒ€๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ, ํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ •์„œ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํƒ€๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์กด์—„, ํ‰๋“ฑ, ์ •์˜์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ–‰๋™์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ํƒ€๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‹์„ ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฒœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์Ÿ์  ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ์ „ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์›์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์„ ์ค€๋น„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์Ÿ์ ์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฌยท๋ฐ˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์—ฌํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋‹จ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Ÿ์  ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด๋ž€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์Ÿ์ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ ํƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œ ์‚ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ค‘๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์–ด๋–ค ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ์šธ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ 2๊ฐœ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ 2014๋…„ 5์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. A๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ ํ•™๊ธ‰ 2๊ฐœ ํ•™๊ธ‰๊ณผ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ ํ•™๊ธ‰ 2๊ฐœ ํ•™๊ธ‰์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, B๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋„ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•™๊ธ‰์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ์›์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด 2๊ฐœ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ด 262๋ช…์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์€ 130๋ช…, ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์€ 132๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์ ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ 4์ฐจ์‹œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์€ ์„ค๋ช… ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”-๊ต์ˆ˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ 4์ฐจ์‹œ ์ด์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์  ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ์„ค๋ช… ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”-๊ต์ˆ˜ ํ•™์Šต์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์  ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 4์ฐจ์‹œ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์  ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ํ•จ์–‘์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ •์˜์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช… ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์‹์  ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์  ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ํ•จ์–‘์—๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์Ÿ์ ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ค„ ์•„๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์  ์Ÿ์ ์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์Ÿ์ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ยท์„ ํƒยท์ •๋‹นํ™” ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๋ จ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํฌํ•จํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 2 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 3 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 5 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ๊ต์œก 5 (1) ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๊ต์œก 5 (2) ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 15 (3) ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™” 17 (4) ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ๊ต์œก 21 2. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์  ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—… 24 (1) ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 26 (2) ์Ÿ์ ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘ 28 (3) ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์  ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ชจํ˜• 32 3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 35 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 40 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 40 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 41 (1) ๋ถ„์„๋ชจํ˜• 42 (2) ์Ÿ์ ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ•จ์–‘ 43 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ 50 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ธ 51 (1) ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ธ 51 (2) ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ธ 53 5. ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 56 (1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 56 (2) ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 57 โ…ฃ. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 60 1. ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 60 (1) ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ธ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์„ 61 (2) ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ธ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ถ„์„ 62 2. ์ˆ˜์—… ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 63 (1) ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ: ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์  ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 63 (2) ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ: ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ 64 3. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์  ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด 65 (1) ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 66 (2) ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์„ 66 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 75 1. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 75 2. ์ œ์–ธ 77 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 81 ๋ถ€๋ก-์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€ 87 ABSTRACT 101 ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ณ„ ์ฃผ์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ 8 ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž์งˆ 18 ๊ธฐ์กด ํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋…ผ์˜์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”๊ต์œก์˜ ์š”์†Œ 27 ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์Šต ์›๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋น„๊ต 34 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜• 42 ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ฒ™๋„ 44 ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ•ญ์˜ ์ถœ์ฒ˜ 48 ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 49 ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 49 ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ(ํ•™๊ต๋ณ„/์„ฑ๋ณ„) 50 ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์•ˆ 52 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 57 ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ธ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€์ธ ์ œ์™ธ) 61 ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ธ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€์ธ) 62 ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ธ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ 63 ์ฒ˜์น˜์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „-์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ t๊ฒ€์ฆ 64 ๋น„๊ต์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „-์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ t๊ฒ€์ฆ 65 ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌํ›„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋น„๊ต 66 ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ณ€์ธ ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 68 ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ์ธก๋ฉด ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 69 ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์˜์  ์ธก๋ฉด ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 71 ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์  ์ธก๋ฉด ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 73 ๊ทธ ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ [๊ทธ๋ฆผ-1] ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ์Ÿ์  ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ๊ณผ์ • 35Docto

    Analysis of Effective Properties in Smart Multilayered Plates in Thermal Environment and Supersonic Flow

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2018. 8. ๊น€์ง€ํ™˜.ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ผ๋ฏธ๋„ค์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œํ•œ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ  ๋ถ€ํ”ผ ๋ถ„์œจ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์œผ๋กœ Representative Volume Element (RVE)๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉ์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์œ ํšจ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์••์ „ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ ์ธตํŒ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” First-order Shear Deformation Theory of Plates (FSDTP)์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์œ ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋ฒ• (FEM)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ํ•˜์ค‘, ์ „์••, ์˜จ๋„ ๋ฐ ๋™์  ์••๋ ฅ ํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ํ•ด์„์€ Newton-Raphson Iterative ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ์ž˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐœ์„  ๋œ shear correction factor (SCF)๋Š” ๋‘๊บผ์šด ํŒ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌํ˜„๋ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋“ฑ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ ์••์ „ ์ธต ๋Œ€์‹  macro-fiber composite (MFC) ์••์ „ ์ธต์˜ ์‘์šฉ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.Currently, the analysis of composite laminates is limited by the moduli of the materials provided by experiments. However, this impedes research as the determining of the moduli for even a few composite materials with varying fiber volume fractions is economically unrealistic. As solution, the application of a micromechanical model based on the Representative Volume Element (RVE) is suggested. The model allows for the generalization of composite material by calculating its effective moduli. This study uses the finite element method (FEM) based on the First-order Shear Deformation Theory of Plates (FSDTP) that is applied to a generalized piezoelectric composite laminate plate. To verify the accuracy of the micromechanical moduli, the structure is investigated under distributed loads, voltages, temperatures and dynamic pressures in linear and nonlinear methods. The nonlinear analysis is performed using the Newton-Raphson Iterative method. In all cases, the micromechanical model was in good agreement with the experimental model. Also, an improved shear correction factor (SCF) was implemented to allow for further generalizations in the context of thick plate structures. Additionally, the application of Macro-Fiber Composites (MFC) piezoelectric layers instead of isotropic piezoelectric layers is investigated. As MFC piezo layers have a directional application of force, there was a greater shape control effect when compared to the conventional isotropic piezoelectric layers. Furthermore, as the MFC layers can be treated as unidirectional composite materials, their effective properties can also be determined with the micromechanical model.Abstract ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท i Contents ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ii List of Tables and Figures ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท iii List of Nomenclature ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท iv 1. Introduction ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 1 2. Formulation ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 4 2.1 Micromechanical Model ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 4 2.2 Constitutive Equations ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 6 2.3 Governing Equations of Motion ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 10 2.4 Active Control ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 13 3. Numerical Results and Discussions ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 16 3.1 Verifications ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 16 3.2 Shear Correction Factor (SCF) ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 18 3.3 Linear vs Nonlinear Analyses ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 19 3.4 Effective Property Comparison ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 19 3.5 Applications of the Generalized Model ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 21 4. Conclusions ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 24 References ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 25 Abstract (Korean) ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท ยท 45Maste

    Effects of Oxytocin on Cell Proliferation in a Corticotroph Adenoma Cell Line

    Get PDF
    BACKGROUND: Oxytocin (OXT) has been reported to act as a growth regulator in various tumor cells. However, there is a paucity of data on the influence of OXT on cell proliferation of corticotroph adenomas. This study aimed to examine whether OXT affects cell growth in pituitary tumor cell lines (AtT20 and GH3 cells) with a focus on corticotroph adenoma cells. METHODS: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were conducted with AtT20 cells to confirm the effects of OXT on hormonal activity; flow cytometry was used to assess changes in the cell cycle after OXT treatment. Moreover, the impact of OXT on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), nuclear factor ฮบB, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: OXT treatment of 50 nM changed the gene expression of OXT receptor and pro-opiomelanocortin within a short time. In addition, OXT significantly reduced adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion within 1 hour. S and G2/M populations of AtT20 cells treated with OXT for 24 hours were significantly decreased compared to the control. Furthermore, OXT treatment decreased the protein levels of PCNA and phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (P-ERK) in AtT20 cells. CONCLUSION: Although the cytotoxic effect of OXT in AtT20 cells was not definite, OXT may blunt cell proliferation of corticotroph adenomas by altering the cell cycle or reducing PCNA and P-ERK levels. Further research is required to investigate the role of OXT as a potential therapeutic target in corticotroph adenomas.ope

    Correlation between Pituitary Insufficiency and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Finding in Non-Functioning Pituitary Adenomas

    Get PDF
    Background: Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are characterized by the absence of clinical and biochemical evidence of pituitary hormone hypersecretion, and these tumors constitute approximately one third of all the tumors of the anterior pituitary. Recently, hormonal deficiencies have gradually evolved to become the leading presenting signs and symptoms in patients with NFPAs. We investigated pituitary hormonal insufficiencies according to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with NFPA. Methods: We evaluated the patients who were newly diagnosed with NFPA from 1997 through 2009. Among them, we analyzed 387 patients who were tested for their combined pituitary function and who underwent MRI. The severity of the hypopituitarism was determined by the number of deficient axes of the pituitary hormones. On the MRI study, the maximal diameter of the tumor, Hardy's classification, the thickness of the pituitary gland and the presence of stalk compression were evaluated. Results: The mean age was 46.85 ยฑ 12.93 years (range: 15-86) and 186 patients (48.1%) were male. As assessed on MRI, the tumor diameter was 27.87 ยฑ 9.93 mm, the thickness of the normal pituitary gland was 1.42 ยฑ 2.07 mm and stalk compression was observed in 201 patients (51.9%). Hypopituitarism was observed in 333 patients (86.0%). Deficiency for each pituitary hormone was most severe in the patients with Hardy type IIIA. Hypopituitarism was severe in the older age patients (P = 0.001) and the patients with a bigger tumor size (P < 0.001) and the presence of stalk compression (P < 0.001). However, the patients who had a thicker pituitary gland showed less severe hypopituitarism (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age, tumor diameter and the thickness of pituitary gland were important determinants for pituitary deficiency (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, P = 0.022, respectively). Conclusion: The results suggest that the hormonal deficiencies in patient with NFPA were correlated with the MRI findings, and especially the tumor diameter and preservation of the pituitary gland.ope

    Television Contents Leaving Television : Selection and Uses

    No full text
    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์„ ๋– ๋‚˜์„œ PC๋‚˜ ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ ํƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋…ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์˜ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์†Œ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค: โ‘  ๋จผ์ €, ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์œ ํ†ต๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. โ‘ก ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ์œ„๋ ฅ์ด ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋กœ๋„(PC๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด) ์ „์ด๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. โ‘ข ์ด์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์ด์šฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ ์ด์™ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด์—์„œ ์ง€ ์ƒํŒŒ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ๋ฅด๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•  ๋•Œ์˜ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  ์žฅ๋ฅด ์„ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ PC๋‚˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „์ด๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. โ‘ฃ ์ง€์ƒํŒŒ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด, PC์™€ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š” ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. This study attempted to understand how users choose terrestrial television contents, which are the most powerful ones provided through television, in non-television media such as PCs and mobile phones on the basis of the secondary data from the past studies. This study dealt with the following points: a) This study discussed mobility and non-linearity obtained from uses of non-television media. b) Whether or not terrestrial television contents still have a market power was explained. c) Which non-television media users choose for viewing terrestrial television contents and which genres they prefer were discussed. d) Whether PCs or mobile media can substitute television was discussed on the basis of past studies on media substitution

    ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋กœ ํ™•์ง„๋œ ์ฟ ์‹ฑ๋ณ‘ ๋ณ‘์†Œ ํ™•์ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ MRI ๋ฐ IPSS์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ

    No full text
    Dept. of Medicine/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] [์˜๋ฌธ]Background Cushingโ€™s disease (CD) is a rare disease with significant mortality and morbidity unless it is treated appropriately. The correct localization is essential because surgical removal is the treatment of choice, however, most tumors are too small for the detection. Objective We evaluated the usefulness of high resolution MRI and inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) for the localization of tumors in CD. Methods Eighteen patients, 17 females and 1 male (range, 18-52 yr) with CD, underwent transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) by a single neurosurgeon from 2004 to 2010. IPSS was performed before TSS. During TSS, multiple staged resection and tumor tissue identification by frozen section (surgical and histological identification, SHI) were performed to determine the resection margin. All patients were cured confirmed by 24 hr urine free cortisol excretion. Results Visible micro-lesion was identified in 11 (61.1%) on initial MRI. Six (54.5%) of them had an agreement with IPSS lateralization, and they were confirmed by SHI. Positive findings (11) on initial MRI had an agreement with SHI in 10 (90.9%). In 7 patients who had no visible lesions on initial MRI, only 1 (14.3%) showed an agreement between IPSS and SHI. We also performed MRI again using different protocols in 5 patients whose tumors were not identified on initial MRI, and in 3 of them, the identified micro-lesions were confirmed by SHI. The findings of overall MRI had an agreement with SHI in 14 (77.8%) in tumor lateralization. One False-negative IPSS result was noted. Overall, tumor lateralization by IPSS had an agreement with SHI in 7 patients (38.9%). Conclusion High resolution MRI may be better in the localization of corticotroph adenoma than IPSS. Moreover, in the case when a no definite lesion is found on initial MRI, it would be helpful to re-perform MRI using different protocols. In conculsion, during TSS, SHI is an important approach to identify and remove the tumor completely.restrictio

    (A)Study on secondary social studies teachers` perceptions of citizenship education

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌํšŒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์ผ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ „๊ณต),2007.Maste

    A case of fugitive acromegaly, initially presented as invasive prolactinoma

    No full text
    Fugitive acromegaly is most commonly caused by pituitary acidophil stem cell adenomas, and is characterized by a relatively short clinical history, a large and locally invasive tumor, and relatively low hormonal activity. Here, we report an unusual case of fugitive acromegaly that initially presented as invasive prolactinoma. A 48-year-old man with a huge pituitary mass extending to the suprasellar area was referred to our hospital in December 2007. He had undergone transsphenoidal surgery in November 1999 because of a large invasive prolactinoma. The tumor had grown progressively, despite therapy with dopamine agonists. Subtle features of acromegaly were noted and serum IGF-1 levels were high (733 ng/ml). An oral glucose tolerance test revealed that basal and nadir levels of growth hormone (GH) were 1.56 and 1 ng/ml, respectively. As a therapeutic trial, long-acting octreotide (20 mg IM, monthly) was added, and the tumor size markedly reduced within 6 months on magnetic resonance imaging examination. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor tissue obtained at the surgery in 1999 showed positive staining for GH and prolactin (PRL). Double immunofluorescence staining showed a mixed positivity for GH and PRL in the majority of tumor cells; however, the two hormones colocalized in a minority of tumor cells, indicating that the tumor was composed of three different cell types (GH, PRL, and GH/PRL). The diagnosis of fugitive acromegaly was initially overlooked in this patient because of normal serum GH levels and a lack of acromegalic features, although histological evidence for GH production was present. IGF-1 determinations would be helpful for the diagnosis of fugitive acromegalyope

    Intraoperative multiple-staged resection and tumor tissue identification using frozen sections provide the best result for the accurate localization and complete resection of tumors in Cushing's disease.

    No full text
    The treatment of choice in Cushing's disease (CD) is surgical removal; however, most tumors are too small to be detected. The objective was to establish a method to achieve the complete removal of tumors on the basis of the results of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS), and a surgical resection technique using frozen biopsy. Eighteen patients who underwent transsphenoidal surgery from 2004 to 2010 were included. High-resolution MRI and IPSS, multiple-staged resection, and tumor tissue identification in frozen sections (surgical and histological identification, SHI) were performed. All patients achieved surgical remission, as confirmed by 24 h urinary free cortisol excretion tests. Visible microlesions were identified on the initial MRI in 11 patients (61%). The SHI findings agreed with the MRI findings in 10 of the 11 patients (90.9%) and with IPSS lateralization in 6 of the 11 patients (54.5%). In the 7 patients whose lesions were not visible on the initial MRI, only 1 (14.3%) showed an agreement between IPSS and SHI. In 3 of the 7 patients, the microlesions were identified by additional MRI. The rate of concordance with SHI was 77.8% for the overall MRI and 38.9% for IPSS. High-resolution MRI is better than IPSS for localizing corticotroph adenomas. In patients with lesions not visible on the initial MRI, additional MRI should be performed using a different protocol. Although high-resolution MRI is better for localizing tumors, SHI remains an important approach for removing the tumors completely.ope
    corecore