7 research outputs found

    Morphological study of the effects of olfactory bulb transplants after complete spinal cord transection in rats.

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํฐ์ฅ์—์„œ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ ˆ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„, ์ ˆ๋‹จ๋œ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์›์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ธ ํ›„๊ฐ์ƒํ”ผ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ๋‹ค๋ฐœ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ›„๊ฐ๋ง์šธ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ํฐ์ฅ์˜ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ ˆ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋‹จ ์งํ›„์™€ 3์ฃผ์ผ ํ›„์— ํ›„๊ฐ๋ง์šธ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด H-E, Nissl ์—ผ์ƒ‰, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธ์‚ฌ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ, ์•„๊ต์„ฌ์œ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜ ์›์œ„๋ถ€๋กœ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด norepinephrine ์ƒํ•ฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์†๋„์ œํ•œํšจ์†Œ์ธ tyrosine hydroxylase๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉ ํ•˜ํ–‰์„ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์†์ƒ ์›์œ„๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ํ›„๊ฐ๋ง์šธ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด์ค€ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์†์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋น„๋œ ๋’ท๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ์šด๋™์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋œ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ์ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, H-E ์—ผ์ƒ‰๊ณผ Nissl ์—ผ์ƒ‰์—์„œ๋Š” ์†์ƒ๋œ ๋ถ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทผ์œ„๋ถ€์™€ ์›์œ„๋ถ€์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ํšŒ์ƒ‰์งˆ์˜ ์ „๊ฐ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰์งˆ๋„ ์„ฌ์œ ๋‹ค๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, tyrosine hydroxylase ์–‘์„ฑ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์›์ด ์›์œ„๋ถ€ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] In the olfactory bulb, normal and transected olfactory axons are able to enter, regenerate, and reestablish lost synaptic contacts with their targets, throughout the lifetime of the organism. It was expected that studies of olfactory bulb ensheathing glia would provide important advances for the field of neural regeneration.Purpose of this study was to analyze morphologically the effects of olfactory bulb transplants into the cord after complete transection. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Spinal cord of the rats were transected after laminectomy followed by insertion of chopped olfactory bulb tissues immediately and 3 weeks after the operation.In this study, transplants of olfactory bulb were successfully used to promote functional and structural recovery after complete spinal cord transection. The areas of damaged spinal cord were greatly diminished after olfactory bulb transplantation. Nearly normal anterior horn cells were observed immediately distal to the transected region. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive descending fibers were observed in the distal region beyond transected area.ope

    (The) clinical study of autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injured patients

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์†์ƒํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์›์ธ ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์›์ธ์ธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ธ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”๋ฅ˜๋™ํƒœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ค‘์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ, ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์‚ผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1993๋…„ 3์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1994๋…„ 12์›” 31์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ์„ธ์˜๋ฃŒ์› ์žฌํ™œ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์†์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž…์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž 161๋ช… ์ค‘ ์ œ 6ํ‰์ˆ˜์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž 91๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒํ™˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ฐ ์š”๋ฅ˜๋™ํƒœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋Œ€์ƒํ™˜์ž์˜ ์†์ƒํ˜•ํƒœ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ™˜์ž ์ค‘ ์™„์ „์†์ƒํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ 19๋ช…(57.6%), ๋ถˆ์™„์ „์†์ƒํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ 14๋ช…(42.4%)์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ค‘์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์™„์ „์†์ƒํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ 26๋ช…(7.8%), ๋ถˆ์™„์ „์†์ƒํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€32๋ช…(55.2%) ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ค‘์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉดํ™์กฐ๊ฐ€ 24๋ช…(72.7%), ๋‘ํ†ต์ด 26๋ช…(78.8%), ๋ฐœํ•œ์ด 27๋ช…(51.8%)์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€์ฆ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์ด 1๋ช…, ํ˜„๊ธฐ์ฆ์ด 1๋ช…์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 3. ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์˜ ์œ ๋ฐœ์š”์†Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์ด 26๋ช…(78.8%)์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์š”์ธ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ํƒ€์ง„์ด 14๋ช…(42.5%), ์ง์žฅํŒฝ์ฐฝ์ด 2๋ช…(6.1%), ๋‚ด์‹ ์„ฑ ๋ฐœํ†ฑ์ด 2๋ช…(6.1%), ์›์ธ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 1๋ช…(3,1%)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์  ๋ถ€์œ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ค‘์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ˆ˜์†์ƒํ™˜์ž 65๋ช…์ค‘ 31๋ช…(47.7%)์—์„œ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ํ‰์ˆ˜์†์ƒํ™˜์ž 25๋ช…์—์„œ๋Š” 1๋ช…(4.0%)์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ˆ˜์†์ƒํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค. 5. ๊ฒฝ์ง์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ง์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€Grade 0์ธ 25๋ช…์ค‘ 4๋ช…(10.0%)์—์„œ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ Grade 3์ธ ํ™˜์ž 4๋ช…์—์„œ๋Š” 3๋ช…(75.0%)์—์„œ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ง์ด ์‹ฌํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 6. ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋„๋‡จ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 14๋ช…(42.4%), ๋„๋‡จ๋ฒ•๋งŒ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 13๋ช…(39.4%), ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 1๋ช…(3.0%), ๋ฐฐ๋ณ€์„ ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ 2๋ช…(6,1%)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2๋ช…(6.1%)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธ์š”๋„๊ด„์•ฝ๊ทผ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  1๋ช…(3.1%)์€ ์ฆ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋ฏธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ํ•ญ๊ต๊ฐ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด 14๋ช…(42.4%), ํ•ญ์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์„ฑ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด 6๋ช…(18.2%), ์นผ์Š˜ channel blocker๊ฐ€ 3๋ช…(9.1%)์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 7. ์š”๋ฅ˜๋™ํƒœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘๋‚ด์••์€ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ 78cmH^^2O ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 62cmH^^2O๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘๋‚ด์••์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(p<0.05). ์œ ์ˆœ๋„๋Š” ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์—์„œ 13m1/cmH^^2O์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 34m1/cmH^^2O๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์˜์˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์œ ์ˆœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค(p<0.05). ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์„œ ์ œ 6ํ‰์ˆ˜์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฒ™์ˆ˜์†์ƒํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์š”๋ฅ˜๋™ํƒœ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ธ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์œจ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋ถ€์ „์ฆ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] In this study on attempt was made to evaluate and manage autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injury through investigation and analysis of urodynamic studies. The subjects of this study were 91 patients with spinal cord lesions above the 7th thoracic segment who were admitted to the Rehabilitation Hospital, Yonsei Medical Center between Mar 1, 1993 and Dec 31, 1994. The results are as follows: The subjects with autonomic dysreflexia were 27 male and 6 female patients including 19 complete and 14 incomplete spinal cord injured patients. The trigger factors of autonomic dysreflexia were bladder distension, bladder percussion, rectal distension ingrowing nail. Autonomic dysreflexia occurred mort frequently in quadriplegics than in high paraplegics. The patients with severe spasticity had a high incidence of autonomic dysreflexia. Mean bladder pressure was significantly higher in patients with autonomic dysreflexia and mean bladder compliance was significantly lower also in this group. Our data chows that autonomic dysreflexia is morse frequently encountered in quadriplegics. Therefore, careful evaluation for autonomic dysreflexia is a necessity in this group. Also urodynamic studies can be valuable to detect autonomic dysreflexia in patients with spinal cord lesion above the 7th thoracic segment.restrictio
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