23 research outputs found

    AS 번호λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ λΌμš°ν„° ν¬μ›Œλ”© ν…Œμ΄λΈ”μ˜ 고속 κ°±μ‹ 

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    Thesis (master`s)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :전기·컴퓨터곡학뢀,2001.Maste

    Vehicle Plant Modeling and Simulation to Optimize Mild Hybrid 48V BAS (Belt-driven Alternator Starter) System Controller Algorithm Design

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ³΅ν•™μ „λ¬ΈλŒ€ν•™μ› μ‘μš©κ³΅ν•™κ³Ό, 2018. 2. 차석원.It has already been 20 years since Toyota introduced a hybrid vehicle call β€œPrius”. Many Hybrid vehicles have been produced since then, but even so many years have passed.7 There is still a long way to the popularization of the hybrid vehicle. It is still very low compared to the total number of vehicles. Why? That is probably due to the cost of the Hybrid system being added.21 Even though Hybrid vehicles are eco-friendly and high fuel efficiency, the cost of producing the vehicle is too high compared to the benefits to the customer.18 The cost is about 5,000whichistoomuch.Theverycostwasaproblemwhichisstumblingblocktopopularization.Tosolvethisproblem,48VBAS(Beltβˆ’drivenalternatorstarter)hybridsystemisproposed.ThisistheMildHybridcomparedtotheToyotaPrius.Thissystemcandesigntheentirehybridsystematabout5,000 which is too much. The very cost was a problem which is stumbling block to popularization. To solve this problem, 48V BAS (Belt-driven alternator starter) hybrid system is proposed. This is the Mild Hybrid compared to the Toyota Prius. This system can design the entire hybrid system at about 800.20 The problem in research and development organization of our company is that it is difficult to understand the development contents because we outsourced the various modeling to universities and professional developers. In order to solve this problem, we set it as a GSEP project. The basic model was based on the EV (electric car) model that was previously performed in our company. And then the necessary parts from the 48V BAS have been added. The main point of this project is the vehicle modeling that is the target of the high level controller –EDU. Generation of the input variable (output variable) which required for high level controller was simulated.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Study Background 1 1.1.1 Needs for EV 1 1.1.2 Why especially 48V Mild Hybrid EV 2 1.1.3 Mild Hybrid Technology trend 3 1.2 Purpose of This Project 6 Chapter 2. System Configuration 7 2.1 Mild Hybrid 48V BAS Architecture 7 2.2 48V Power Network 8 2.3 Vehicle and EDU Modeling 9 2.4 Configuration of HILS and RCP17 10 2.5 Configuration of the interface between the Controller 11 Chapter 3. Vehicle System Modeling 13 3.1 Input & Output Variable 13 3.2 Vehicle Modeling 18 3.2.1 Plant: EV (Electric vehicle) Model Analysis 18 3.2.2 Plant_CAN: MEV Block 20 3.2.3 Combination of MEV Block and Autonomie Model 21 3.2.4 Battery(ESS) function update 24 3.2.5 Dynamics (Wheel + Chassis) function update 26 3.2.6 CAN communication set up 28 3.3 EDU Logic Modeling 30 Chapter 4. The Result for Simulation 32 4.1. Simulation based on driving cycle 32 4.1.1. Analysis result of UDDS driving cycle 32 4.1.2. Analysis result of NEDC driving cycle 35 4.1.3. Analysis result of WLTC running cycle 38 4.2. Actual vehicle verification 42 Chapter 5. Conclusion 44 Bibliography 45 κ΅­λ¬Έ 초둝 50Maste

    λ―Έκ΅­ νŠΉν—ˆμ†Œμ†‘μ—μ„œ 합리적인 μ‹€μ‹œλ£Œ(reasonable royalty)에 κΈ°μ΄ˆν•œ 손해배상앑 μ‚°μ •λ°©μ‹μ˜ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 법학과(μ§€μ‹μž¬μ‚°μ „κ³΅), 2012. 2. κΆŒμ˜μ€€.λ―Έκ΅­ νŠΉν—ˆμΉ¨ν•΄ μ†Œμ†‘μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμ•‘μ˜ 산정은 λ‹Ήν•΄ νŠΉν—ˆκΆŒκ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ ν™•λ¦½λœ μ‹€μ‹œλ£Œκ°€ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 이 ν™•λ¦½λœ μ‹€μ‹œλ£Œμ— λ”°λ₯Έ 손해배상이 ν—ˆμš©λœλ‹€. μž¬νŒλΆ€λŠ” ν™•λ¦½λœ μ‹€μ‹œλ£Œλ₯Ό κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμœΌλ‘œ μΈμš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  이λ₯Ό μ‚¬μ•ˆμ΄ μ²˜ν•œ 상황에 따라 μ‘°μ •ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μž¬λŸ‰κΆŒμ„ 가진닀. λ§Œμ•½ ν™•λ¦½λœ μ‹€μ‹œλ£Œκ°€ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λ©΄ κ²½μƒμ‹€μ‹œλ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹€μ‹œλ£Œ 기초(Royalty Base)와 μ‹€μ‹œμš”μœ¨(Royalty Rate)을 μ‚°μ •ν•œλ‹€. μ‹€μ‹œλ£Œ 기초λ₯Ό μ‚°μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 총 μ‹œμž₯κ°€μΉ˜ ν¬ν•¨μ˜ 법리(EMVR : Entire Market Value Rule)의 μ μš©μ„ κ²€ν† ν•œλ‹€. λ§Œμ•½ EMVR의 적용이 κΈμ •λ˜λ©΄ μΉ¨ν•΄λœ 청ꡬ항에 기재된 발λͺ…을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” λΆ€ν’ˆλ“€μ΄ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μš”λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” 경우 전체 μ œν’ˆ ν˜Ήμ€ κ΄€λ ¨ μ œν’ˆλ“€μ˜ 맀좜이 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹€μ‹œλ£Œ 기초둜 될 수 μžˆλ‹€. EMVR의 적용이 배제되면 μΉ¨ν•΄λœ 청ꡬ항에 기재된 κ΅¬μ„±μš”μ†Œλ“€μ˜ 맀좜이 μ‹€μ‹œλ£Œμ˜ 기초둜 λœλ‹€. 이후에 μ‹€μ‹œμš”μœ¨μ„ κ²°μ •ν•œλ‹€. Uniloc μ΄μ „μ—λŠ” 일방적으둜 25% κ·œμΉ™μ΄ μ μš©λ˜μ–΄ μ‹€μ‹œλ£Œ κΈ°μ΄ˆκ°€ λ˜λŠ” 판맀 이읡에 25%λ₯Ό κ³±ν•œ 값이 μ†ν•΄λ°°μƒμ•‘μ˜ 좜발점이 λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—°λ°©μˆœνšŒλ²•μ›μ€ 이 κ·œμΉ™μ„ νκΈ°ν•˜μ˜€κ³  이제 μ›κ³ λŠ” ν•΄λ‹Ή μ‚°μ—… λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ ν•΄λ‹Ή νŠΉν—ˆκΆŒκ³Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λŠ μ •λ„μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ„ 일반적인, 즉 쑰지아-νΌμ‹œν”½ μš”μ†Œμ˜ κ³ λ € 이전에 ν†΅μš©λ˜λŠ” λΉ„μœ¨λ‘œ ν•  것인지λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ , ν”Όκ³ λŠ” 이λ₯Ό λ°˜λŒ€ μž…μ¦μ„ 톡해 λ…Όλ°•ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ‹€νˆ¬κ²Œ 될 것이닀. μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ‹Ήν•΄ 뢄야에 일반적인 상황에 λ§žμΆ”μ–΄ μ‚°μΆœλœ κ²½μƒμ‹€μ‹œλ£ŒλŠ” 쑰지아-νΌμ‹œν”½ μš”μ†Œ(GP factor)에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‘°μ •ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ‹Ήν•΄ μ‚¬μ•ˆμ˜ νŠΉμˆ˜μ„±μ΄ λ°˜μ˜λœλ‹€.In calculating damages in a patent litigation, compensation based on an established royalty is allowed if any. Court has the discretion to adjust the compensation according to circumstances specific to the case. If no established royalty is known, the damage expert has to show royalty base and royalty rate to prove a running royalty. To calculate royalty base, the Entire Market Value Rule is considered. If EMVR rule is applicable, for example, when the patent-related feature is the basis for customer demand of the entire apparatus, the sales of entire apparatus stands as the basis for calculation of damages. If not, only the sales of the components that related to the patented features could serve as the basis for the calculation of damages. Then, royalty rate is determined. Prior to the Uniloc case, 25% rule had been regarded as a established rule in determining royalty rate. As this rule is aboished by CAFC in Uniloc case, now a complaint seeking remedies should show a reasonable starting point of royalty rate by, for example, showing a established royalty rate in comparable licensing case and reasoning based on differences between two circumstances. Then, this royalty rate is adjusted by considering Georgea-Pacific factors.Maste

    Assessing functional connectivity from brain signals during general anesthesia

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    Doctor마취 쀑 κΈ°λŠ₯적 연결성에 λŒ€ν•œ 졜근 연ꡬ듀은 전두엽-두정엽 ν”Όλ“œλ°± 연결성이 μ˜μ‹μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹ κ²½μƒκ΄€μž(neural correlates of consciousness) 일 것이라 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ‡Œμ—μ„œμ˜ μ •λ³΄νλ¦„μ˜ λ°©ν–₯이 λ‡Œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ˜ μƒκΉ€μƒˆ(topology)에 κΈ°μΈν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이 λͺ¨λΈλ§ μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ•Œλ €μ‘Œλ‹€. 특히 μΈκ°„μ˜ λ‡Œμ—μ„œλŠ” 두정엽 μ˜μ—­μ— ν—ˆλΈŒλ“€μ΄ 많이 λΆ„ν¬ν•˜μ—¬ 이 μ˜μ—­μ΄ 정보λ₯Ό ν‘μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯이 κ°•ν•˜λ―€λ‘œ, 전두엽-두정엽 ν”Όλ“œλ°± 연결성이 μš°μ„Έν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. κΈ°μ‘΄ 연ꡬ듀을 μ’…ν•©ν•˜κ³ , λ˜ν•œ ν—ˆλΈŒ λ…Έλ“œλ“€μ˜ 정보흐름에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œμ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§ˆμ·¨μ œκ°€ λ‡Œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ˜ ν—ˆλΈŒ λ…Έλ“œλ“€μ— 영ν–₯을 쀄 것이라 가섀을 μ„Έμ› λ‹€. ν•œνŽΈ, κΈ°λŠ₯적 μ—°κ²°μ„±κ³Ό κΈ°λŠ₯적 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ 뢄석을 μ μš©ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ•žμ„œμ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 두 가지 방법둠적 λ¬Έμ œμ— μ§λ©΄ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ°”λ‘œ μœ ν•œκΈΈμ΄(finite size)와 μ„ ν˜•ν˜Όν•©(linear mixing)의 λ¬Έμ œμ΄λ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 문제λ₯Ό κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 방법을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€κ³ , λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ μ „μ‹  마취 쀑 EEG μ‹ ν˜Έμ— κΈ°λŠ₯적 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ 뢄석을 μ μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κΈ°λŠ₯적 μ—°κ²°μ„± 뢄석은 졜근 10μ—¬λ…„κ°„ λ‡Œ 연ꡬ에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 많이 μ‘μš©λ˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, λ§Žμ€ μ£Όμ˜κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. 첫째둜 μ‹€μ œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ κΈΈμ΄λŠ” μœ ν•œν•  수 밖에 μ—†λŠ”λ°, 이 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‹€μ œλ³΄λ‹€ κΈ°λŠ₯적 연결성이 κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ 츑정될 수 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μœ ν•œκΈΈμ΄νš¨κ³Ό(finite size effect)λŠ” μ‹œκ³„μ—΄μ˜ νŒŒμ›ŒμŠ€νŽ™νŠΈλŸΌμ΄ μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 λ³€ν•˜λŠ” 경우 λ”μš± 심각해 진닀. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 마취 μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—λŠ” μ•½ 베타 주파수 μ˜μ—­(13-25 Hz)μ—μ„œ νŒŒμ›Œ 증가가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ”λ° 마취제 농도가 μ¦κ°€ν• μˆ˜λ‘ μ•ŒνŒŒ 주파수 μ˜μ—­(8-13 Hz)으둜 νŒŒμ›Œκ°€ μ΄λ™ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ¬΄μž‘μœ„ 데이터λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μœ ν•œκΈΈμ΄λ¬Έμ œλ₯Ό κ·Ήλ³΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ œμ‹œλœ 방법둠은 μœ ν•œκΈΈμ΄νš¨κ³Όλ‘œ 인해 μ¦κ°€λœ μœ„μƒλ™κΈ°ν™”(phase synchronization)의 거짓성뢄(spurious component)κ³Ό μ‹€μ œμ„±λΆ„(genuine component)을 ꡬ뢄할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λΈμ„ 톡해 κ²€μ¦λœ 방법둠은 마취 μ‹œ EEG μ‹€ν—˜λ°μ΄ν„°μ— μ μš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ, EEG λ°μ΄ν„°μ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ λ³΄μ—¬μ§€λŠ” μ„ ν˜•ν˜Όν•©(linear mixing)이 μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆκ² λ‹€. μ„ ν˜•ν˜Όν•©λ¬Έμ œμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ λ°©ν–₯성이 μ—†λŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯적 μ—°κ²°μ„±(undirected functional connectivity)에 λŒ€ν•œ λ§Žμ€ 연ꡬ가 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ, λ°©ν–₯성이 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯적 μ—°κ²°μ„±(directed functional connectivity)에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 거의 연ꡬ가 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°©ν–₯ κ°€μ€‘μΉ˜ μœ„μƒμ°¨ μ§€μˆ˜(directed weighted phase lag index)λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ°©λ²•μ˜ 적합성은 뢄석결과(analytic results)와 λͺ¨λΈ μ‹œκ³„μ—΄μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλžœμ € μΈκ³Όμ§€μˆ˜(Granger causality), λΆ€ν˜Έμ „λ‹¬μ—”νŠΈλ‘œν”Ό(symbolic transfer entropy), μœ„μƒκΈ°μšΈκΈ°μ§€μˆ˜(phase slope index), 그리고 λ°©ν–₯ μœ„μƒμ°¨ μ§€μˆ˜(phase lag index)와 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ œμ‹œλœ 방법둠은 κ°œμ„ λœ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€. 방법둠은 EEG μ‹€ν—˜λ°μ΄ν„°μ— μ μš©λ˜μ—ˆκ³ , 기쑴에 보고된 마취 μ‹œ κ°μ†Œν•˜λŠ” 전두엽-두정엽 ν”Όλ“œλ°± 연결성이 μ•ŒνŒŒ μ£ΌνŒŒμˆ˜μ—μ„œ 뚜렷이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¨μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŠ₯적 λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ 방법둠을 마취 μ‹œ EEG 데이터에 μ μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κΈ°λŠ₯적 μ—°κ²°μ„±μ˜ μ„ΈκΈ°(strength)λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ˜ μƒκΉ€μƒˆ(topology)κ°€ μ˜μ‹μ˜ 변화와 상관관계가 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. ν‰κ· κ²½λ‘œκΈΈμ΄(average path length), λ°€μ§‘μ§€μˆ˜(clustering coefficient), 그리고 λͺ¨λ“ˆμ§€μˆ˜(modularity)λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ 마취 ν›„ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯을 λ³΄μ˜€λŠ”λ°, λ‡Œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ μƒμ—μ„œμ˜ κΈ΄ 연결성이 νŒŒκ΄΄λ˜λŠ” 것과 연관이 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. νŠΉλ³„νžˆ, ν—ˆλΈŒ λ…Έλ“œμ˜ 쀑심도가 λ‘λ“œλŸ¬μ§€κ²Œ κ°μ†Œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 전두엽-두정엽 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯적 μ—°κ²°μ„±μ˜ κ°μ†Œμ™€ ν—ˆλΈŒ λ…Έλ“œμ˜ 이동이 ν•¨κ»˜ κ΄€μ°°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ μƒκΉ€μƒˆμ˜ λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ‡Œ λ‚΄μ˜ μ •λ³΄νλ¦„μ˜ 변화와 긴밀이 μ—°κ΄€ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. ν–₯ν›„ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‡Œ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬μ˜ μƒκΉ€μƒˆ, μ •λ³΄νλ¦„μ˜ λ°©ν–₯성이 μ˜μ‹μˆ˜μ€€κ³Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 연관이 λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ… ν•΄ 쀄 수 μžˆμ„ 것이라 κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€.Recent studies of directed functional connectivity regarding general anesthesia have suggested frontal-to-parietal feedback connectivity as a potential candidate of neural correlates of consciousness. Moreover it has been shown with neural mass modeling that topological structure determined the direction of information flow in the brain. Thus dense posterior parietal hub structure in the human brain might play a role as a β€œsink” of information flow that attract information flow from prefrontal cortex by which dominant frontal-to-parietal feedback connectivity is achieved. Considering the essential role of hub structures for efficient information transmission, we hypothesized that anesthetics have an effect on the hub structure of functional brain networks. Before applying functional connectivity and functional network analysis, we challenged two methodological issues, finite size and linear mixing effect. We suggested methods to attenuate these problems and finally analyzed electroencephalogram data during general anesthesia. Despite of its popular uses in recent brain study, caution is required when estimating functional connectivity. First finite size of time series inevitable in real world data gives spurious functional connectivity. This finite size effect becomes more problematic when power spectral content changes across time. For instance, during propofol anesthesia, initial increase in beta activity (13-25 Hz) moves to alpha band (8-13 Hz) regime as anesthetic concentration increases. A computational approach based on randomized dataset was proposed. The method could successfully separate spurious and genuine phase synchronization strength from a model. At the end, the genuine phase synchronization was measured in empirical electroencephalogram data during general anesthesia. Second, linear mixing effect hinders estimating functional connectivity especially in electroencephalogram recording. Although this linear mixing effect on undirected functional connectivity has been extensively explored in a past decade, influence of linear mixing on directed functional connectivity has been barely investigated. In this thesis we introduced a directed weighted phase lag index improving directed phase lag index. The robustness of a method was shown both with analytic results and simulation model. Compared to other directed functional connectivity measures, such as Granger causality, symbolic transfer entropy, phase slope index, and directed phase lag index, the directed weighted phase lag index was able to successfully suppress the effect of linear mixing in a model time series. A method was applied in electroencephalographic data during general anesthesia. Inhibition of frontal-to-parietal feedback connectivity was observed in alpha frequency bandwidth. Finally we conducted functional network analysis on electroencephalogram data during general anesthesia. Topology rather than connection strength of functional networks correlated with states of consciousness. The average path length, clustering coefficient, and modularity significantly increased after administration of propofol, which disrupted long-range connections. In particular, the strength of hub nodes significantly decreased. The primary hub location shifted from the parietal to frontal region concurrent with decrease in frontal-to-parietal feedback connectivity. Changes in network topology are closely associated with states of consciousness and may be the primary mechanism for the observed loss of frontal-to-parietal feedback during general anesthesia
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