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    ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ํ™œ์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์ „์žฅ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒด ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ „๊ณต, 2020. 8. ๊ถŒ์„ฑํ›ˆ.In this dissertation, Spatially-resolved Laser Activated Cell Sorting (SLACS) technique is introduced, and its applications in genomics and transcriptomics are demonstrated. All biological mass is comprised of biological cells, each of which contain its own multi-billion bytes worth of data from genetic molecules, such as DNA or RNA. After the Human Genome Project sequenced one persons genome in ten years, the massively parallel sequencing technologies that are referred to the next generation sequencing (NGS) sprouted innovations in biology, providing further insights into biology and generating revolutions in diagnostics and therapeutics. However, these technologies were only applicable to pools of heterogeneous genetic molecules, hindering thorough explorations of genetic landscapes in the different cells within a biospecimen. Therefore, efforts to separate each and every cell from the pool of cells have generated numerous single cell isolation methodologies, which can be categorized into three: those that separate cell using microfluidics, microarrays, and optics. Advancement in micro-technologies particularly provided advantages in manipulating single cells because biological cell sizes that usually range from microns to tens of microns. State-of-art cell separation technologies that utilize microfluidic properties were rapidly commercialized, enabling high throughput single cell analysis that can process hundreds to thousands of single cells at a time. These utilize cell dissociation and compartmentalization in a microfluidic chambers or a pico-liter droplets, in which biomolecular techniques can amplify the desired genetic molecules. The amplified products such as the genomes or the transcriptomes of the single cells are sequenced through NGS, providing insights into how the dissociated cells were functioning in the biospecimen. However, the dissociation process of the cells that are originally adhered to each other can be harsh and requires the surface proteins that interact with another to be degraded. This process has raised many doubts on whether the cell state is the same before it is dissociated within a solvent. Therefore, microarrays of chemically synthesized oligonucleotides that can capture the poly adenosine tail, or poly (A) tail, were developed to capture the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) directly from the biological specimens. These technologies, however, require large resolution of the oligonucleotide spots because of the technical limitations in chemical DNA synthesis technologies and cross-contaminations between the spots. Optical separation of the cells from biospecimen has been extensively investigated with conventional laser capture microdissection (LCM) devices that utilize laser to transfer target area of interest to the desired receiver. However, these utilize either ultraviolet (UV) lasers to catapult the desired areas that can be highly damaging to the biomolecules within, or thermoplastics that can be melt down using near-infrared (IR) lasers and transfer the desired region of interest for further biological assays. However the thermoplastic approach often cause cross-contamination and has low throughput because the specimen has to be isolated in a contact manner. In this dissertation, the development of an optical cell sorter, or spatially-resolved laser activated cell sorter (SLACS) that uses pulsed near-IR laser that can optomechanically isolate the cells with low damage and high throughput is described. The engineering process of this novel device and two softwares and their applications in NGS technologies are described. Furthermore, the applications of SLACS for genomics and transcriptomics are demonstrated. Proof-of-concept studies for future applications of SLACS are also described.๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” SLACS (Spatially-resolved Laser Activated Cell Sorting) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์œ ์ „์ฒดํ•™ ๋ฐ ์ „์‚ฌ์ฒดํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‘์šฉ์ด ์‹œ์—ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋Š” DNA ๋˜๋Š” RNA์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ํœด๋จผ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ 10 ๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ์„ ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ ํ•œ ํ›„, ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ (NGS)๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ์ด์ข… ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํ’€์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋ฌผ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ง€ํ˜•์˜ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•œ ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์„ธํฌ ํ’€์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ์œ ์ฒดํ•™, ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐ ๊ด‘ํ•™์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์„ธํฌ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ง„๋ณด๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์„ธํฌ ์กฐ์ž‘์— ์ด์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณต ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์œ ์ฒด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹จ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋˜์–ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‹จ์ผ ์„ธํฌ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ๋ถ„์ž ์ฑ”๋ฒ„ ๋˜๋Š” ํ”ผ์ฝ” ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ ์•ก์ ์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํšํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋ถ„์ž ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ์ฆํญ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์ผ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฆํญ ๋œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์€ NGS๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œํ€€์‹ฑ๋˜์–ด, ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ๋œ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ฒด ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์›๋ž˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ๋œ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„œ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณต์ •์€ ์ „์ง€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์šฉ๋งค ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ํด๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฐ๋…ธ์‹  ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ ๋˜๋Š” ํด๋ฆฌ (A) ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌํš ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋œ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํ‹ฐ๋“œ์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ‘œ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ”์‹ ์ € RNA (mRNA)๋ฅผ ์ง์ ‘ ํฌํšํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ด๋“ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ํ™”ํ•™์  DNA ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์Šคํฟ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‰ดํด๋ ˆ์˜คํ‹ฐ๋“œ ์Šคํฟ์˜ ํฐ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ฒด ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ด‘ํ•™์  ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์บก์ฒ˜ ๋ฏธ์„ธ ํ•ด๋ถ€ (LCM) ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ž์™ธ์„  (UV) ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด ๋ถ„์ž์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ์ ์™ธ์„  (IR) ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…น์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์‹ฌ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ด๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ข…์ข… ๊ต์ฐจ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํŽธ์„ ์ ‘์ด‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด‘ํ•™ ์…€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์†์ƒ๊ณผ ๋†’์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์…€์„ ๊ด‘ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽ„์Šค ํ˜• ๊ทผ์ ์™ธ์„  ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” SLACS (๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋œ ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์…€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์™€ NGS ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋‘ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ฐ ์‘์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ๋ฐ ์ „ ์‚ฌ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ SLACS์˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. SLACS์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋… ์ฆ๋ช… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ๏ผ‘ 1.1. Spatially resolved omics for atlasing human cells in the biological circuitry ๏ผ’ 1.1.1. The emergence of single cell sequencing technologies ๏ผ“ 1.1.2. Spatially resolved omics technologies and needs for development ๏ผ— 1.2. Main Concept: Development of spatially-resolved laser activated cell sorter (SLACS) and compatible omics technologies ๏ผ‘๏ผ” 1.3. Outline of the dissertation ๏ผ‘๏ผ• CHAPTER 2. BACKGROUND ๏ผ‘๏ผ– 2.1. Previous spatial omics technologies ๏ผ‘๏ผ— 2.1.1. In situ spatial omics technologies ๏ผ‘๏ผ— 2.1.2. Isolate-and-transfer technologies for spatial omics ๏ผ’๏ผ 2.2. Commercialized spatial omics technologies ๏ผ’๏ผ“ 2.3. Previous research in the group ๏ผ’๏ผ• CHAPTER 3. PLATFORM DEVELOPMENT ๏ผ’๏ผ™ 3.1. Development of SLACS and remote selection system ๏ผ“๏ผ 3.2. Whole genome sequencing strategies for SLACS ๏ผ“๏ผ“ 3.3. Whole transcriptome sequencing strategies for SLACS ๏ผ”๏ผ’ CHAPTER 4. PLATFORM APPLICATION ๏ผ”๏ผ˜ 4.1. Applications of SLACS to spatial genomics ๏ผ”๏ผ™ 4.2. Applications of SLACS to spatial transcriptomics ๏ผ–๏ผ’ 4.3. Applications of OPENchip and future perspectives with SLACS ๏ผ–๏ผ• CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION ๏ผ—๏ผ™ 5.1. Summary of dissertation ๏ผ˜๏ผ 5.2. Comparison with previous technology ๏ผ˜๏ผ“ 5.3. Limit of the platform ๏ผ˜๏ผ” 5.4. Future work ๏ผ˜๏ผ– BIBLIOGRAPHY ๏ผ˜๏ผ˜ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก ๏ผ™๏ผ•Docto

    ํƒ๊ตฌ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์ฒด์œก์ˆ˜์—…๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๊ณผ,1999.Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ์ด์ƒ์›.์ตœ๊ทผ ๋Œ€ํ–ฅ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ–‰์œ„์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ์„ ๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์ด ๋™์‚ฐ์˜ ์ด์ค‘๋งค๋งค์™€ ๋Œ€๋ฌผ๋ณ€์ œ ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์„ค์ •์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ข…๋ž˜ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ด์ค‘๋งค๋งค์˜ ๋งค๋„์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ ํŒ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์€ ์ „์›ํ•ฉ์˜์ฒด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ข…๋ž˜ ํŒ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ–ฅ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ–‰์œ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์š”์†Œ์ธ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์˜ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃ„ํ˜•๋ฒ•์ •์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด์„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์—ฌ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์š” ์Ÿ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•œ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์š”์†Œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์š”์†Œ๋กœ์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์–ธ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ์—ฐํ˜, ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ฒ€ํ† , ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ, ๋ณด์ฆ์ธ ์ง€์œ„์˜ ํ•„์š” ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์  ๊ณ ์˜์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ๋ก ์  ํ•ด์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ข…๋ž˜ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ๋ณ€๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์ฃผ์˜ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ ์ด์ค‘๋งค๋งค ๋งค๋„์ธ์„ ํšก๋ น์ฃ„๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ๋ณ€๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์„ฑ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ž„ํ–‰์œ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„์˜ ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์‹ ์ž„๊ด€๊ณ„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์‹ ์„ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฑ„๋ฌด๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰์ด ์‹ ์ž„๊ด€๊ณ„ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„์˜ ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์ ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์š”๊ฑด์„ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ œํ•œํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ ๋น„๋ก ๋Œ€ํ–ฅ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ–‰์œ„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ž„ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž‘์œ„๋ฒ”์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ํ–‰์œ„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•  ๋ณด์ฆ์ธ์  ์ง€์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ณด์ „ ยท ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ ์ž„๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์  ยท ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋งค๋งค๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋งค๋„์ธ์€ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งค๋งค๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋•Œ์— ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งค๋งค๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ ์ด์ „์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ ์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์„ค์ •์ž๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์กดํ•  ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ชฉ์ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์–‘๋„๋Š” ์–‘๋„์ธ๊ณผ ์–‘์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๋กœ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์ด ์–‘๋„์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–‘์ˆ˜์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ „๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์–‘์ˆ˜์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–‘๋„๋Œ€๊ธˆ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์€ ์–‘๋„์ธ์ด ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ์ œ3์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์–‘๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์–‘๋„ํ†ต์ง€๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„์˜ ๋ฌดํ•œ์ •ํ•œ ํ™•๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์˜ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ•ด์„์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์ ์ž์น˜์˜ ์›์น™ ๋ฐ ํ˜•๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ณด์ถฉ์„ฑ ์›์น™์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๋ณด์ „์— ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ•ด์„์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.Significant judgments are recently being made on the person involved in two-way trade. As the Supreme Court denied the subjectivity on the breach of trust of the seller for the double sales of movable assets and settler for an appointment of payment in substitutes, it was anticipated that the traditional precedent that had allowed the establishment of the breach of trust against sellers involved in the double sales of real estate. However, the Supreme Court has recently maintained the precedent through its decision. The question of whether or not to recognize the person involved in two-way trade to have the subjectivity on the breach of trust depends on the interpretation of the person who deals with the business affairs of others, a component requirement of the breach of trust. In particular, whether or not acknowledging it is the analogical interpretation disadvantageous for defendants according to the principle of no penalty without a law(Nulla poena sine lege) is a major issue. In order to judge it, first of all, it is necessary to look at the meaning of the component requirement of the person who deals with the business affairs of others prescribed in the breach of trust. The person who deals with the business affairs of others, a normative component requirement, should be interpreted not simply by sticking to the phrase but by the teleological interpretation that reviews the history of punishment, a comparative review, the nature of the breach of trust, whether or not the guarantor position is required, existence of intent of composition requirements, etc. Previous cases that imposed punishment to a seller involved in double sales for embezzlement under the principle based on intention of parties about transfer in real rights were due to the illegality of the infringement on the buyers ownership, however, under currently applied formalism which contradicts the principle based on intention of parties on transfer in real rights, the degree of illegality cannot be considered equal. In addition, most countries do not have criminal punishment regulations for breach of trust and even in countries which define breach of trust restrictively interpret it in order to prevent indiscriminate application of breach of trust. The fundamental reason of criminal punishment for breach of trust is based on theory of betrayal that claims criminalization of a violation of trust relationships. However, there is a need to strictly limit the requirements to prevent indiscriminate application of breach of trust in the sense that all defaults in civil cases are being accompanied by breach of trust relationships. For such the reason, even though the breach of trust by two-way trade does not correspond to the crime committed by omission, it is required for an actor to have the guarantor position to manage the property of the counter party to a transaction and that the preservation and management of the property of the counter party to a transaction become the typical and essential contents of trust relationships. In case of sales contract, the seller should be deemed to be the person who deals with the business affairs of others, defined in the breach of trust, at the time of receiving all the price of purchase and sale from the buyer. For both movable assets and real estate, the legal structure of the sales contract and ownership transfer is the same, so that it should be treated equally in the application of the breach of trust. In case of a security right, since the person who provides his/her property as collateral bears the obligation to preserve the security for mortgagee so that the value of the security does not fall significantly, disposing the object of the security constitutes the breach of trust. For bond transfer, the bond is transferred from the transferor to the transferee under the agreement of both parties, so that if the transferor, who has received all the money for the transfer from the transferee, transfers the bond to a third party and notifies the debtor of the transfer, it should be deemed to be the breach of trust established. In order to prevent the indiscriminate application of breach of trust, strict interpretation on its composition requirements is needed. This can be done through strict construction on a subject for the breach of trust, and in accordance with the principle of private autonomy and the ultima ratio principle, stricter construction is required in regards to cooperating with the protection of others property.์ œ1์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  2 ์ œ2์žฅ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Œ€๋ฆฝ 4 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฃผ์ฒด ํ•ด์„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŒ๋ก€ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ ๊ณผ์ • 4 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ํ•ด์„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์›์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Œ€๋ฆฝ 6 โ… . ๋™์‚ฐ ์ด์ค‘๋งค๋งค ์‚ฌ์•ˆ 6 1. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 6 ๊ฐ€. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑดํ•ด์„ 6 ๋‚˜. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ์งˆ 6 ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ์—ฐํ˜ 7 ๋ผ. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต 7 2. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ๊ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 8 ๊ฐ€. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑดํ•ด์„ 8 ๋‚˜. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ์งˆ 8 ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ์—ฐํ˜ 9 ๋ผ. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต 10 โ…ก. ๋Œ€๋ฌผ๋ณ€์ œ์˜ˆ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ 10 1. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 10 ๊ฐ€. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ์งˆ 10 ๋‚˜. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต 11 2. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ๊ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 11 ๊ฐ€. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ์งˆ 12 ๋‚˜. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต 12 โ…ข. ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ด์ค‘๋งค๋งค ์‚ฌ์•ˆ 12 1. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ๊ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 12 ๊ฐ€. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑดํ•ด์„ 12 ๋‚˜. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ์งˆ 13 ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ ยท ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜๋ฏธ 14 ๋ผ. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต 14 2. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 15 ๊ฐ€. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑดํ•ด์„ 15 ๋‚˜. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ƒ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ์งˆ 15 ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ ยท ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜๋ฏธ 16 ๋ผ. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต 16 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ์ „์›ํ•ฉ์˜์ฒด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์Ÿ์  ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์ „๊ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 17 ์ œ3์žฅ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด์„๊ธˆ์ง€์˜ ์›์น™ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 20 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  20 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์ค€ 20 โ… . ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์š”์†Œ์™€ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์š”์†Œ 21 โ…ก. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์š”์†Œ์™€ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์š”์†Œ 21 โ…ข. ํ์‡„์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด 22 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€์˜ ์›์น™ 23 โ… . ํ˜•๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•ด์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 23 โ…ก. ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด์„๊ธˆ์ง€์˜ ์›์น™์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 24 1. ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด์„๊ธˆ์ง€์˜ ์›์น™์˜ ์˜์˜ 24 2. ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด์„๊ธˆ์ง€์˜ ์›์น™์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 25 โ…ข. ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ถ”์™€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ 25 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  25 2. ๊ฒฌํ•ด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ 26 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ ยท ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์˜ ํ•ด์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 26 ์ œ5์ ˆ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”๊ฑด์š”์†Œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•ด์„๊ธˆ์ง€์˜ ์›์น™ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 27 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ–ฅ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ์—ฐํ˜๊ณผ ํ•ด์™ธ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ฒ€ํ†  30 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ–ฅ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ์—ฐํ˜ 30 โ… . ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ๊ทœ์ •์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ• ์—ฐํ˜ 30 โ…ก. ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ๋ณ€๋™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ํ˜•์‹์ฃผ์˜ 31 โ…ข. ๋Œ€ํ–ฅ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ์—ฐํ˜ 32 ์ œ2์ ˆ ํ•ด์™ธ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ก€ 33 โ… . ๋…์ผ 33 โ…ก. ์ผ๋ณธ 36 โ…ข. ์˜๋ฏธ๊ถŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ 38 โ…ข. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ 39 1. ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ 39 2. ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„ 39 3. ์Šค์œ„์Šค 40 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ฒ€ํ†  40 ์ œ5์žฅ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 43 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  43 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ 43 โ… . ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ 43 1. ๋ฐฐ์‹ ์„ค 43 2. ๊ถŒํ•œ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ค 44 3. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์„ค 45 4. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜๋ฌด์œ„๋ฐ˜์„ค 45 5. ์ด๋“ํ–‰์œ„์„ค 46 โ…ก. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ๋ณธ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  46 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 47 โ… . ๋ณด์ฆ์ธ ์ง€์œ„์˜ ํ•„์š” ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 47 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  47 2. ์ž‘์œ„์™€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์œ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ 48 3. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 48 4. ๊ฒ€ํ†  49 โ…ก. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์˜ ํƒ€์ธ์„ฑ 50 โ…ข. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ 51 โ…ฃ. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ 52 โ…ค. ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 52 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 53 ์ œ6์žฅ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฒ”์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  54 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ํƒœ๋„ 54 โ… . ์‚ฌ์‹ค๊ด€๊ณ„ 54 โ…ก. ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ์‹œ ๋‚ด์šฉ 54 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ํƒœ๋„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด 55 โ… . ์ ๊ทน๊ฐ€๋‹ด์„ค 55 โ…ก. ์ตœ์†Œ๊ด€์—ฌ์˜ ์›์น™์„ค 55 โ…ข. ๋ถ€๋‹นํ•œ ๊ด€์—ฌ์„ค 56 ์ œ3์ ˆ ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  56 โ… . ๊ณต๋™์ •๋ฒ”์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์š”๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ณต๋™๊ฐ€๊ณต์˜์‚ฌ 56 โ…ก. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฒ”์˜ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์š”๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด์ค‘์˜ ๊ณ ์˜ 57 โ…ข. ๊ฒ€ํ†  57 ์ œ4์ ˆ 2014๋„17211 ํŒ๊ฒฐ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  58 ์ œ7์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ–ฅ์  ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„ 61 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋™์‚ฐ ยท ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ด์ค‘๋งค๋งค 61 โ… . ๋™์‚ฐ ์ด์ค‘๋งค๋งค 61 1. ๋™์‚ฐ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 61 ๊ฐ€. ์˜์˜ 61 ๋‚˜. ๋™์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ๋ณ€๋™ 61 ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋„์ธ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œ3์ž๊ฐ€ ๋™์‚ฐ์„ ์ ์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 62 2. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ 62 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ๊ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 62 ๋‚˜. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 63 1) ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ 63 2) ๋ฏผ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ 63 3. ๊ฒ€ํ†  64 ๊ฐ€. ๋™์‚ฐ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ๋ณด์ฆ์ธ ์ง€์œ„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ธฐ 64 ๋‚˜. ๋™์‚ฐ ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด์™€ ๋น„๊ต 67 ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ด์ค‘๋งค๋งค ์‚ฌ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต 67 โ…ก. ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์ด์ค‘๋งค๋งค 68 1. ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ๋งค๋„์ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ 68 ๊ฐ€. ์˜์˜ 68 ๋‚˜. ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ๋ณ€๋™ 68 ๋‹ค. ๋งค๋งค๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ์ดํ–‰๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์ฃผ์ฒด ์ธ์ • ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 69 2. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Œ€๋ฆฝ 69 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ๊ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 70 ๋‚˜. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฌํ•ด 70 3. ๋“ฑ๊ธฐํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ†  70 ๊ฐ€. ์˜์˜ 70 1) ๋“ฑ๊ธฐํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 71 2) ๊ณต๋™์‹ ์ฒญ์ฃผ์˜ 71 3) ๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์ฒญ๊ตฌ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์‹ ์ฒญ๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ 72 4) ๋“ฑ๊ธฐ์‹ ์ฒญ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 72 ๋‚˜. ๋“ฑ๊ธฐํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ธฐ 72 1) ์ค‘๋„๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰์‹œ์„ค 72 2) ์ž”๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰์‹œ์„ค 73 3) ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด์ „๋“ฑ๊ธฐ ํ•„์š” ์„œ๋ฅ˜ ๊ต๋ถ€์‹œ์„ค 73 ๋‹ค. ๋“ฑ๊ธฐํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 73 1) ๊ธ์ •์„ค 74 2) ๋ถ€์ •์„ค 74 5. ๊ฒ€ํ†  74 ๊ฐ€. ๋ณด์ฆ์ธ ์ง€์œ„์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ธฐ 74 ๋‚˜. ์ œ1๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ๊ณผ ์ œ2๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ, ๋งค๋„์ธ๊ณผ ๋งค์ˆ˜์ธ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 77 ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„์•ฝ๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต 79 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ ์„ค์ • 79 โ… . ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์˜ ์ด์ค‘์ €๋‹น 80 1. ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ํƒœ๋„ 80 2. ์ด์ค‘์ €๋‹น์˜ ์˜์˜ 80 3. ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ์†Œ์œ ์ž์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ฃ„์ฑ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ 81 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„์„ค 81 ๋‚˜. ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ„์„ค 81 3. ๊ฒ€ํ†  81 โ…ก. ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด 82 1. ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด์˜ ์˜์˜ 82 2. ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ํƒœ๋„ 83 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฐ€๋‹ด๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 83 1) ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด์„ค์ •์ž์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ 83 2) ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ 83 ๊ฐ€) ๋ณ€์ œ๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„ํ–‰์œ„ 83 ๋‚˜) ์ฒญ์‚ฐ์˜๋ฌด ๋ถˆ์ดํ–‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 84 ๋‹ค) ์—ผ๊ฐ€๋งค๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 84 ๋งˆ) ํ”ผ๋‹ด๋ณด์ฑ„๊ถŒ ์†Œ๋ฉธ ์ดํ›„ ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 85 ๋‚˜. ๊ฐ€๋‹ด๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 85 1) ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด์„ค์ •์ž์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ 85 2) ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ 86 ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ฒ•์› ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ์ž…์žฅ ์ •๋ฆฌ 86 3. ์–‘๋„๋‹ด๋ณด ๊ณ„์•ฝ์˜ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ์งˆ 87 ๊ฐ€. ํ•™์„ค 87 1) ์‹ ํƒ์  ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์ด์ „์„ค 87 2) ๋‹ด๋ณด๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์„ค 87 3) ์ด์›์„ค 87 ๋‚˜. ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ํƒœ๋„ 88 1) ๊ฐ€๋‹ด๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 88 2) ๊ฐ€๋‹ด๋ฒ•์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 88 ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€ํ†  89 4. ๊ฒ€ํ†  90 โ…ก. ๋Œ€๋ฌผ๋ณ€์ œ์˜ˆ์•ฝ 91 1. ์˜์˜ 91 ๊ฐ€. ๋Œ€๋ฌผ๋ณ€์ œ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 91 ๋‚˜. ๋Œ€๋ฌผ๋ณ€์ œ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 92 ๋‹ค. ํšจ๊ณผ 92 2. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ 93 ๊ฐ€. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ๊ธ์ •์„ค 93 ๋‚˜. ๋ฐฐ์ž„์ฃ„ ๋ถ€์ •์„ค 93 3. ๊ฒ€ํ†  93 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์ด์ค‘์–‘๋„ 94 1. ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ํƒœ๋„ 94 ๊ฐ€. ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜๊ฒฌ 95 ๋‚˜. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜๊ฒฌ 95 2. ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์–‘๋„์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ์งˆ 96 ๊ฐ€. ์˜์˜ 96 ๋‚˜. ๋ฒ•์  ์„ฑ์งˆ 96 3. ๊ฒ€ํ†  97 ์ œ8์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  99 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 103 Abstract 106Maste
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