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    Detection, differentiation and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria by P

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    ์˜์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๊ฒฐํ•ต์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋ฒ•์€ ์†Œ์š”์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ๊ณผ ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์˜ ๊ฐ๋ณ„์ด ์•ˆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ๊ณผ ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์˜ ๊ฐ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋™์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜๊ฑธ๋ ค ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ต ๋ฐ ๋น„๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™์ • ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” PCR ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋ฅ ์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ด๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด์†Œ์žฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ 255๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  rpoB gene์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ one-tube nested PCR๋กœ์จ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท  ๋ฐ ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” 360 bp์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์—๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” 190 bp์˜ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฆํญํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ๊ณผ ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์˜ ๊ฐ๋ณ„์ด PCR๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋…๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ 34๊ฒ€์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 16S-23S rRNA spacer gene์„ target์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ two-tube nested PCR์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ one-tube nested PCR์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•ฝ 87%์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท  ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋ฅ ์„ 93%๊นŒ์ง€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. One-tube nested PCR ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋…๋œ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ PCR-RFLP๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ mycobacteria ๋™์ •์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” M. avium๊ณผ M. intracellulare๊ฐ€ ๋™์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค mycobacteria ๊ท ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž„์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•ญ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์–‘์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ์ •๋˜์–ด ๊ฒฐํ•ต์•ฝ์ด ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ์ „๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ท ๋™์ •์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋…๋˜์–ด ๊ทธ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ฒด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ญ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ PCR ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ต ๋ฐ ๋น„์ •ํ˜• ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท ์˜ ๊ฐ๋ณ„๋™์ •์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The method of acid fast bacilli(AFB) staining which is commonly used to diagnose tuberculosis takes a short amount of time and is economical. However, it also accommodates the disadvantage of not being able to discriminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) from nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM). In contrast, the method of culturing has the advantages. It can differentiate MTB from NTM, identify NTM species, and is sensitive. However, the culture method also has disadvantage since it takes long time(4-8 weeks). This study was set to evaluate the usefulness of direct PCR for rapid detection of MTB, differentiation of MTB from NTM, and identification of NTM species using AFB staining-positive specimens. The specimens used in this experiment were a total of 255 AFB staining-positive respiratory specimens that were obtained from a domestic university hospital. First of all, for the differentiation of MTB from NTM from AFB staining-positive specimens, the bands of 360 bp which exists both in MTB and in NTM, and 190 bp which exists only in MTB and not in NTM thus are able to differentiate MTB from NTM were amplified using the one-tube nested PCR targeting regions of the rpoB gene. As a result, detection rate of MTB and NTM was 87% after the one-tube nested PCR. Subsequently, the two-tube nested PCR targeting 16S-23S rRNA spacer gene was done with 34 specimens that were negative by one-tube nested PCR, and the results showed the detection range of MTB and NTM increased upto 93%. Then, specimens that were detected to be NTMs were subsequently subjected for PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) analysis based on the rpoB gene for mycobacterial species identification. In brief, the results of PCR-RFLP analysis identified those NTMs to be M. avium and M. intracellulare. By follow-up investigations of the medical history of those patients who were determined to had the mycobacterial species, it was revealed that after a length of chemotherapy with standard anti-TB drugs, there was no improvement in their states, so physicians underwent identification of mycobacteria. And finally it was determined that those patients indeed had NTMs and not MTB. Based on the identification data, physicians changed regimens for patients to be more effective to treat NTM. Therefore, this result seems to strongly suggests that the PCR testing especially aming for differentiation of MTB from NTM, and identificatin of mycobacterial species using AFB stgaining-positive specimens would be highly importnat in clinical settings for effective treatment of patients.ope
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