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    κ³ λ Ήν™” νŠΉμ„±κ³Ό κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν•œ κ°€μ • λΆ€λ¬Έ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μ‚¬μš©λŸ‰ 및 μ˜¨μ‹€κ°€μŠ€ λ°°μΆœλŸ‰ λ³€ν™” 예츑, 2010-2050

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μƒνƒœμ‘°κ²½Β·μ§€μ—­μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€ μƒνƒœμ‘°κ²½ν•™μ „κ³΅, 2016. 2. 이동근.The impacts of climate change are a global concern. Rising temperatures are of particular importance, and expected to continue to increase over time. To counter this phenomenon, many nations are aiming to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through energy demand management. This key set of policies call upon energy consumption and GHG emissions estimates to combat rising temperatures. Demographic factors such as socio-economic status and age, as well as climate change, are important components of accurate estimations in this regard. The aging demographic is especially noteworthy, because of its prominence worldwide. South Korea is the fastest aging country in the world, and can thus provide a look at the most dramatic aging scenario. Therefore, this study estimates energy consumption and GHG emissions in the residential sector of South Korea through both climate change and demographic characteristics. This study examines four scenarios from 2010 as the base year, and 2050 as the target year setting four scenarios. The first scenario considers a change in socio-economic elements: GDP and population, the second scenario includes socio-economic elements in scenario 1 plus climate change. The third scenario further adds aging characteristics such as the length of time spent at home and income of the elderly in addition to scenario 2 taking climate change and socio-economic change. Lastly, scenario 4 includes the components of scenario 3 and introduces energy reduction policies. The methodology for evaluating each scenario follows three steps: 1) determining socio-economic factors, climate change factors, and aging factors2) estimating energy service demand using an estimation formulaand 3) estimating energy consumption and GHG emissions using an adapted AIM/end-use model. Results show that energy consumption increase from 21.9 Million Tons of Oil Equivalent (MTOE) in 2010 to 26.02 MTOE in scenario 1, 25.05 MTOE in scenario 2, and 29.91 MTOE in scenario 3 in 2050. GHG emissions also increase 68.88 Million Tons of CO2 Equivalent (MT CO2 eq.) in 2010 to 106.38 MT CO2 eq. in scenario 1, 104.36 MT CO2 eq. in scenario 2, and 122.18 MT CO2 eq. in scenario 3 in 2050. This growth is caused by an aging population who stays at home longer and thus increases heating energy use, and an increase in cooling energy demand due to rising temperatures. However, the addition of energy reduction policies in scenario 4 considerably reduced energy consumption and GHG emissions, 23.37 MTOE and 86.44 MT CO eq. in scenario 4 in 2050. In conclusion, this study is useful in preparing energy demand management and establishing and attaining GHG emissions reduction goals.1. Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Research objectives 2 2. Literature Review 4 2.1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and INDC 4 2.2. Climate Change and Energy Consumption 5 2.3. Aging and Energy Consumption 8 2.4. Synthesis 9 3. Methodology 11 3.1. Scope of the Study 11 3.2. Database for the study 11 3.3. Method 12 4. Results and Discussions 29 4.1. Results of building variables 29 4.2. Estimation of Energy Service Demand 32 4.3. Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions 35 4.4. Synthesis of Scenarios 42 5. Conclusion 45 6. References 47 7. Appendix 52 ꡭ문초둝 56Maste

    (The) role of a geriatric nurse practitioner in the community

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    λ…ΈμΈκ°„ν˜Έμ „κ³΅/석사[ν•œκΈ€] μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” 2000λ…„ λ…Έλ ΉμΈκ΅¬μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄ 7%λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄μ„œλ©΄μ„œ 이미 λ…Έλ Ήν™”μ‚¬νšŒμ— μ§„μž…ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 2019λ…„μ—λŠ” λ…Έλ ΉμΈκ΅¬μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄ 14%λ₯Ό λ„˜λŠ” λ…Έλ Ήμ‚¬νšŒμ— 도달할 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘λœλ‹€. 특히, κ·Έ μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ 75μ„Έ 이상 ν›„κΈ°λ…Έλ Ήμžκ°€ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ 증가해 μž₯기적인 μš”μ–‘λ³΄ν˜Έκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•œ 신체적, μ •μ‹ μ μœΌλ‘œ ν—ˆμ•½ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜, μƒν™œ μž₯μ• λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹Œ 노인이 크게 증가할 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ „λ§λ˜μ–΄ 이에 λŒ€ν•œ μ μ ˆν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  λŒ€μ•ˆμ„ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•  ν•„μš”μ„±μ΄ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ 제기되고 μžˆλ‹€. 이에 μ •λΆ€μ—μ„œλŠ” 2007λ…„λΆ€ν„° 노인 μž₯κΈ°μš”μ–‘λ³΄ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•  μ˜ˆμ •μ΄λ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλ³΄λ‹€ λ¨Όμ € λ…Έλ Ήν™”μ‚¬νšŒμ— μ§„μž…ν•œ μ„ μ§„κ΅­λ“€μ˜ 사둀λ₯Ό 보면, 노인 μž₯κΈ°μš”μ–‘λ³΄ν˜Έ μ •μ±…κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄ μž¬κ°€ 보호 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€κ°€ 쟁점이 λ˜μ–΄μ™”λ‹€. μ˜κ΅­μ„ λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ μ„œκ΅¬μ˜ μ„ μ§„κ΅­λ“€μ˜ 사둀듀은 ν˜„μž¬ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 노인이 μžˆλŠ” κ³³μ—μ„œ μž₯κΈ°μš”μ–‘λ³΄ν˜Έμ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” μž¬κ°€λ³΄ν˜Έν˜•νƒœκ°€ 본인의 집 ν˜Ήμ€ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μƒν™œν•˜λŠ” 것을 보닀 μ„ ν˜Έν•˜λŠ” λ…ΈμΈλ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ λΆ€ν•©λ˜λ©°, μ‚¬νšŒ 톡합적 μ‚¬νšŒμ •μ±…μ§€ν–₯과도 λΆ€ν•©λ˜κ³ , 경제적인 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλ„ κ°€μž₯ λΉ„μš© νš¨κ³Όμ μ΄λΌλŠ” 점에 의견의 접근을 보이고 μžˆλ‹€. 특히 μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ 경우 전톡적인 ''효''μ‚¬μƒμ˜ 영ν–₯으둜 μ‹œμ„€λ³΄ν˜Έμ μΈ μ‚¬νšŒμ  접근에 μž₯μ• κ°€ 큰 μ‹€μ •μœΌλ‘œ μž₯κΈ°μš”μ–‘λ³΄ν˜Έμ˜ λ„μž…μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— μžˆμ–΄ μž¬κ°€λ³΄ν˜Έν˜•νƒœμ˜ 접근이 더 λ°”λžŒμ§ ν•  것이닀.노인은 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ 연령측보닀도 κ±΄κ°•λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 생기기 쉽기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν˜„μž¬ κ±΄κ°•λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 없더라도 잠재적인 κ±΄κ°•μœ„ν—˜μ΄ λ†’κ³ , λ§Œμ„±μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μž¬κ°€ 노인이라 할지라도 κ±΄κ°•μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ˜ μš”κ΅¬κ°€ λ§Žλ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μž₯κΈ°μš”μ–‘λ³΄ν˜Έμ˜ λ„μž…μ‹œμ μ— μ•žμ„œ, μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œμ˜ 일차적인 보건의료의 κ΄€λ¦¬μžλ‘œμ„œ 노인을 μœ„ν•œ 보건 의료 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό 체계화 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ „λ¬ΈμΈμœΌλ‘œ λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μ˜ 역할을 κΈ°λŒ€ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆκ² λ‹€.μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ 노인 μ „λ¬Έ κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μ œλ„λŠ” ν˜„μž¬ λ„μž… μ΄ˆκΈ°μ— μžˆμ–΄, μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ– ν•œ 업무가 λΆ€μ—¬λ μ§€λŠ” 아직 단정 지을 수 μ—†λ‹€. λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬ μ œλ„μ˜ 성곡적 정착을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 각 μ˜μ—­λ³„λ‘œ λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν• κ³Ό κΈ°λŠ₯에 λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜μ™€ μ² μ €ν•œ μ€€λΉ„κ°€ μ „μ œλ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. κ·Έ 쀑, ν˜„ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ ν˜„μ‹€μƒ κ°€μž₯ μš°μ„ μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³ λ €λ˜μ–΄μ Έμ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒ μž¬κ°€ 노인을 μœ„ν•œ λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν• κ·œλͺ…이 μš°μ„ μ μœΌλ‘œ 이루어 μ Έμ•Ό ν•  것이닀.이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ „λ¬Έκ°€ μ§‘λ‹¨μ—κ²Œ μž₯μ°¨ ν™œλ™μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•  λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬κ°€ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒλ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ– ν•œ 역할을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ , κΈ°λŒ€λ˜μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 역할에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‚΄μš©νƒ€λ‹Ήλ„λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ μž 델파이 기법을 μ΄μš©ν•œ μ„œμˆ μ  쑰사연ꡬλ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒμžλŠ” μ„μ‚¬μ΄μƒμ˜ ꡐ윑적 배경을 가지고, λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해λ₯Ό 가지며, μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œμ˜ 싀무 λ˜λŠ” μ‹€μŠ΅μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 자둜 κ΅μˆ˜μ™€ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒ 싀무가, 노인전곡 λŒ€ν•™μ›μƒμœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 섀문은 이차에 걸쳐 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ° 일차섀문은 κ°œλ°©ν˜• 델파이 μ„€λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ, 2005λ…„ 4μ›” 1일뢀터 4μ›” 20μΌκΉŒμ§€ μ „λ¬Έκ°€ 17μΈμ—κ²Œ 이루어 쑌으며 이차섀문은 μΌμ°¨μ„€λ¬Έμ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ Clark(1999)의 μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒ κ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬ 역할에 κ·Όκ±°ν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€μƒμž 쀑심역할, 전달체계 쀑심역할, 인ꡬ쀑심 μ—­ν• λ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•œ 총 125ν•­λͺ©μ„ 4점 Likertμ²™λ„λ‘œ 츑정토둝 ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 일차섀문과 λ™μΌν•œ λŒ€μƒμž 17μΈμ—κ²Œ μ œκ³΅λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ 3인이 νƒˆλ½ν•˜μ—¬ 14μΈμ—κ²Œ 2005λ…„ 6μ›” 1일뢀터 17μΌκΉŒμ§€ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œμ˜ λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬ μ—­ν• κΈ°λŒ€λŠ” 각 ν•­λͺ©λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ „λ¬Έκ°€ μ§‘λ‹¨μ˜ μ‘λ‹΅λΉˆλ„λ₯Ό μ‹€μˆ˜μ™€ λ°±λΆ„μœ¨λ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€. μ—­ν• μ˜ λ‚΄μš©νƒ€λ‹Ήλ„λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ CVI(Index of Content Validity)λ₯Ό μ‚°μΆœν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 0.8μ΄ν•˜μΈ ν•­λͺ©μ€ μ œμ™Έν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€.1) μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œμ˜ λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μ—κ²Œ κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μ—­ν• λ‘œμ„œ μΌμ°¨μ„€λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ‚˜μ—΄λœ μ—­ν•  ν•­λͺ©μ€ 총 230건이며, 이 쀑 λŒ€μƒμž 쀑심 역할에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•­λͺ©μ΄ 131건(56.96%), 전달체계 쀑심역할에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•­λͺ©μ΄ 33건(14.35%), 인ꡬ쀑심 역할에 λŒ€ν•œ ν•­λͺ©μ΄ 66건(28.70%)으둜 λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.2) μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œμ˜ λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬ 역할에 λŒ€ν•œ 이차섀문은 μΌμ°¨μ„€λ¬Έμ˜ λ‚΄μš© 쀑 μ€‘λ³΅λœ ν•­λͺ©μ„ μ œμ™Έν•œ 125λ¬Έν•­μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©° 이쀑 λ‚΄μš©νƒ€λ‹Ήλ„λ₯Ό 검증받은 역할은 112문항이닀. λŒ€μƒμž 쀑심역할은 κ°„ν˜Έμ œκ³΅μžμ˜ μ—­ν• 23ν•­λͺ©, ꡐ윑자의 μ—­ν•  11ν•­λͺ©, μƒλ‹΄μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  6ν•­λͺ©, μžμ›μ—°κ³„μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  4ν•­λͺ©, μ—­ν• λͺ¨λΈμ˜ μ—­ν•  1ν•­λͺ©, 옹호자의 μ—­ν•  9ν•­λͺ©, 일차의료제곡자의 μ—­ν•  8ν•­λͺ©, μ‚¬λ‘€κ΄€λ¦¬μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  9ν•­λͺ©μ΄ μ œμ‹œλ˜μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. 이쀑 CVI 0.8 μ΄ν•˜λ‘œ νƒˆλ½λœ 12ν•­λͺ©μ„ μ œμ™Έν•˜λ©΄ 59개의 μ—­ν• ν•­λͺ©μ΄ λ‚΄μš© 타당도λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦λ°›μ•˜λ‹€. 전달체계 쀑심역할은 μ‘°μ •μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  8ν•­λͺ©, ν˜‘λ ₯자의 μ—­ν•  5ν•­λͺ©, μ—°κ³„μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  9ν•­λͺ©μ΄ μ œμ‹œλ˜μ–΄ 쑌으며 이 쀑 1ν•­λͺ©μ„ μ œμ™Έν•œ 21개의 μ—­ν• ν•­λͺ©μ΄ λ‚΄μš©νƒ€λ‹Ήλ„λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦λ°›μ•˜λ‹€. 인ꡬ쀑심역할은 μ‚¬λ‘€λ°œκ²¬μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  4ν•­λͺ©, μ§€λ„μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  6ν•­λͺ©, λ³€ν™”μ΄‰μ§„μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  5ν•­λͺ©, μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒ κ±΄κ°•κ΄€λ¦¬μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  6ν•­λͺ©, μ—°κ΅¬μžμ˜ μ—­ν•  11ν•­λͺ©μœΌλ‘œ 32ν•­λͺ©μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  역할이 λ‚΄μš© 타당도λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦λ°›μ•˜λ‹€.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œλœ 역할듀을 톡해 μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒλ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μ˜ μ‹€λ¬΄μ˜μ—­μ΄ κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•˜κ³  포괄적인 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œ 이루어져야 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‹€. 특히 μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œμ˜ λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬μ˜ μ—­ν• λ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€λ˜μ–΄μ§€λŠ” μ—­ν• λ“€ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” 개인적인 μ°¨μ›μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 싀행이 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒλ‚΄μ—μ„œμ˜ μ—­ν• λ‘œ κ·Έ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ λ¬΄μ‹œν•  수 μ—†λŠ” μ—­ν• λ‘œμ„œ, μ΄λŠ” λ…ΈμΈμ „λ¬Έκ°„ν˜Έμ‚¬κ°€ μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒλ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ…ΈμΈλ³΄κ±΄μ˜λ£Œμ²΄κ³„μ— κ³΅ν—Œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” ꡭ가적 μ°¨μ›μ˜ λ’·λ°›μΉ¨κ³Ό μ‹€λ¬΄μ—μ„œμ˜ κΆŒν•œμ΄ λΆ€μ—¬λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό 함을 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•œλ‹€. [영문]The proportion of older people in Korea exceeded 7% in 2000. That means Korea has entered into aging society already and the proportion will be over 14 % in 2019. Moreover older people over 75 years old are week physically and mentally or have impediments in normal life, so they need long-term medical treatment. therefore, the government planed to introduce long-term care which begins in 2007.In advanced country which entered into aging society earlier than korea, the main issue of policy was deciding the long-term care between a policy centered on staying at home and staying at health facilities. Western advanced countries such as the UK have adopted the policy centered on staying at home, which is preferred by the family or the community, agreed with social unification policy and most efficient. In terms of "filial piety" in korea related with Confucianism, the policy centered on staying at home is more proper.Older people are vulnerable to various diseases; they have potential risk on their health and most of them suffer from chronic diseases. Therefore, before introduction of long-term care, the role of the geriatric nurse practitioner should be considered as primary public health managers and specialists who organize medical service system.In Korea, geriatric nursing practitioner system has just introduced and what the geriatric nurse practitioner has to do is not clarified, so discussion on the role and the function of them, especially the role of the geriatric nurse practitioner for older people staying at home, should be done in priority.This study was asked to a specialized group in community about whether the geriatric nurse practitioner will be able to play an important role, and conducted descriptive research by using Delphi technique in order to analyze content validity of the expected role. The participants were professors, men of community affairs and graduate students majored geriatrics. They have educational background more than Master, appreciate geriatric nursing system and have experienced practical training.Two questionnaires were conducted. The first was open type of Delphi technique questionnaire, which was given to in specialists from April 1st to April 20th in 2005. The other was handed out to 14 specialists except 3 persons from the same group of the first questionnaire from June 1st, 2005 to June 17th. 125 questions on the two questionnaires were divided into 3 kinds of question according to type of role based on Clark's community health nurse's role client- oriented role, delivery-oriented role and population-oriented role.Role expectation of the geriatric nurse practitioner was digitalized by the answered frequency of the respondents about each question. They were presented by real number and percentage. In order to test content validity of the role, the study used CVI (Content Validity Index) and excluded answers which got less than 0.8 points.The results of the study are in substance as follows.First, in 1st questionnaire, the questions about the expected role of the geriatric nurse practitioner in community were 230; 131 (56.96%) were about client-oriented role, 33 (14.35%) were delivery-oriented role and 66 (28.70%) were about population-oriented role. Second, 2nd questionnaire consisted of 125 questions excluding similar questions out of 1st questionnaire. 112 questions satisfied content validity. Out of 125 questions, questions about client-oriented role were 71; 23 questions as care giver, 11 as educator, 6 as counselor, 4 as referral resource, 1 as role model, 9 as advocate, 8 as primary care provider and 9 as case manager. 59 questions out of 71 were tested content validity. In the other hand, questions about delivery-oriented role were 22; 8 questions as coordinator, 5 as collaborator and 9 as liaison. 21 questions out of 22 satisfied content validity. Lastly, questions about population-oriented role were 32; 4 questions as case finder, 6 as leader, 5 as change agent, 6 as community care agent and 11 as researcher. All 32 questions satisfied content validity.In conclusion, through these presented roles, it can be sure that the field of role of the geriatric nurse practitioner should be wide and comprehensive. Some of expected roles of the geriatric nurse practitioner can not be played as an individual, but support and empowerment of practical authority should be given to the geriatric nurse practitioner.ope

    Evaluation of Ventilated Curtain Wall Design Parameters Considering Cooling Performance

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :건좕학과,2007.Maste

    Effect of the Types of English Relative Clauses on Intelligibility and Comprehensibility of Reduced Syllables by Native and EFL Learners

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ‚¬λ²”λŒ€ν•™ μ™Έκ΅­μ–΄κ΅μœ‘κ³Ό(μ˜μ–΄μ „κ³΅), 2020. 8. μ•ˆν˜„κΈ°.μ˜μ–΄κ°€ μ„Έκ³„μ˜μ–΄ (World English)둜 변화함에 따라 원어민과 같은 λ°œμŒμ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λ˜ κΈ°μ‘΄ 발음 ꡐ윑의 관심이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ‚˜λΌ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ˜μ–΄ λ°œμŒμ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ , 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 성곡적인 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ„ μ΄λ„λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν™”ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œ Munro & Dewing(1995, 2009)λŠ” λͺ…λ£Œλ„μ™€ μ΄ν•΄λ„λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ 비원어민 ν™”μžμ˜ λ°œν™”μ— λŒ€ν•œ 원어민 ν™”μžμ˜ 이해λ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν–ˆλ‹€. 이 두 가지 κ°œλ…μ€ 비원어민 ν™”μžμ˜ λ°œν™” 쀑 μ–΄λ–€ μš”μ†Œκ°€ 원어민 ν™”μžλ“€μ˜ 이해에 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ”μ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움을 μ£Όμ—ˆλŠ”λ°, κ·Έ 쀑 ν•œ μš”μ†ŒλŠ” 강세와 같은 μ΄ˆλΆ„μ ˆμžμŒμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 선행연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ κ°•μ„ΈμŒμ™€ λΉ„κ°•μ„ΈμŒλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 원어민 ν™”μžμ˜ λ°œν™” 이해에 긍정적인 영ν–₯을 μ£Όκ³ , 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 효과적인 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ„ 이룰 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆλ‹€. 이렇듯 μ΄ˆλΆ„μ ˆμžμŒμ΄ 성곡적인 μ˜μ‚¬μ†Œν†΅μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œμž„μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , 발음과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ κΈ°μ‘΄ 선행연ꡬ듀은 λΆ„μ ˆμŒμ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬ듀이 λ§Žμ•˜κ³ , 특히 ν•œκ΅­μΈ ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ μ΄ˆλΆ„μ ˆμžμŒ 인식과 ν™œμš©μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν–ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν•œκ΅­μΈ μ²­μžλ“€μ˜ μ˜μ–΄ κ°•μ„Έ, 특히 λ¬Έμž₯μ—μ„œ κ°•μ„Έλ₯Ό 받지 λͺ»ν•΄μ„œ μ•½ν™”λ˜λŠ” λ°œμŒλ˜λŠ” 단어에 λŒ€ν•œ λͺ…λ£Œλ„μ™€ 이해도λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, μ—°μŒκ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ 선행연ꡬ듀과 차별을 두고, ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ λͺ…λ£Œλ„μ™€ 이해도에 μ’€ 더 심도 μžˆλŠ” 관찰을 ν•˜κΈ°μœ„ν•΄ λ¬Έμž₯의 톡사적 λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ„ λ…λ¦½λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μΆ”κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 톡사적 λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 이미 ꡬ쑰적인 λ³΅μž‘μ„±μ΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ°ν˜€μ§„ κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사 (μ£Όκ²©κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사, λͺ©μ κ²© κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사)λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 20λͺ…μ˜ 원어민 ν™”μžλ“€κ³Ό 총 40λͺ…μ˜ ν•œκ΅­μΈ λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ΄ μ‹€ν—˜μ— μ°Έμ—¬ ν–ˆμœΌλ©°, μ˜μ–΄ 곡인 μ μˆ˜μ— 따라 μƒμœ„ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ™€ ν•˜μœ„ν•™μŠ΅μžλ‘œ 20λͺ…μ”© λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이듀은 각 λ¬Έμž₯듀을 λ“£κ³ , λΉˆμΉΈμ„ μ±„μš°λ„λ‘ μ§€μ‹œ λ°›μ•˜λ‹€. 각 λ¬Έμž₯은 μ£Όκ²©κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사 ν˜Ήμ€ λͺ©μ κ²© κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사 ν˜•μ‹μ΄μ—ˆκ³ , λΉˆμΉΈμ€ λ¬Έμž₯λ‹¨μœ„μ—μ„œ μ•½ν™”λ˜λŠ” κΈ°λŠ₯μ–΄λ“€λ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•œλ²ˆμ˜ μ‹€ν—˜λ‹Ή 주어진 λ¬Έμž₯은 45κ°œμ˜€μœΌλ©° 25κ°œλŠ” κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬μ ˆμ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜, λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 20κ°œλŠ” κ΄€κ³„λΆ€μ‚¬μ ˆμ΄λ‚˜ ν‰μ„œλ¬Έκ³Ό 같이 μƒμ΄ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ λ¬Έμž₯μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 각 λ¬Έμž₯ μ•„λž˜μ—λŠ” 5점 리컀트 척도가 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 학생듀이 각 λ¬Έμž₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ λΉˆμΉΈμ„ μ±„μš°λŠ”λ° λŠλΌλŠ” 어렀움을 ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λ„λ‘ μ§€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ£Όμš” κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. λ¨Όμ € λͺ…λ£Œλ„μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 원어민듀이 ν•œκ΅­μΈ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ— λΉ„ν•΄ κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬μ˜ μœ ν˜• (μ£Όκ²©κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사, λͺ©μ κ²©κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사)에 관계없이 λ¬Έμž₯λ‚΄μ˜ μ•½ν™”λœ 단어λ₯Ό 잘 μΈμ‹ν–ˆκ³ , ν•œκ΅­μΈ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œλŠ” μƒμœ„ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ΄ ν•˜μœ„ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€ 보닀 μ•½ν™”λœ 단어λ₯Ό 잘 μΈμ‹ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μƒμœ„ ν•™μŠ΅μž 경우, λͺ©μ κ²© κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬μ ˆλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 주격 κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬μ ˆμ—μ„œ μ•½ν™”λœ 단어λ₯Ό 더 잘 μΈμ‹ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 주격 κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬μ ˆμ΄ λͺ©μ κ²© κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬μ ˆλ³΄λ‹€ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ 더 μˆ˜μ›”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κΈ°μ‘΄ 연ꡬ듀과 λ™μΌν•œ κ²°κ³Όμ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 이해도와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œλ„ 원어민듀이 ν•œκ΅­μΈ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ— λΉ„ν•΄ 보닀 μˆ˜μ›”ν•˜κ²Œ κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사 μœ ν˜• (주격 κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사, λͺ©μ κ²© κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사) 에 관계없이 λ¬Έμž₯λ‚΄μ˜ μ•½ν™”λœ 단어λ₯Ό 인식할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점이 λ°ν˜€μ‘Œκ³ , ν•œκ΅­μΈ ν™”μžλ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œλŠ” μƒμœ„ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ΄ ν•˜μœ„ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€ 보닀 더 μ‰½κ²Œ μ•½ν™”λœ 단어듀을 μΈμ‹ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점이 λ°ν˜€μ‘Œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ›μ–΄λ―Όλ“€κ³ΌλŠ” 달리 ν•œκ΅­μΈ ν•™μŠ΅μžλ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ μ£Όκ²©κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬μ ˆμ—μ„œμ˜ μ•½ν™”λœ 단어λ₯Ό λͺ©μ κ²© κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬μ ˆμ—μ„œλ³΄λ‹€ 더 μˆ˜μ›”ν•˜κ²Œ μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°, 이 점 μ—­μ‹œ, 주격 κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬μ ˆμ„ λͺ©μ κ²© κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…μ‚¬μ ˆ 보닀 더 μ‰½κ²Œ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 기쑴의 선행연ꡬ듀과 일λ§₯μƒν†΅ν•˜λŠ” κ²°κ³Όμ˜€λ‹€. μ‹€ν—˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 톡해, 원어민듀에 λΉ„ν•΄ ν•œκ΅­μΈ ν™”μžλ“€μ΄ μ•½ν™”λœ 단어λ₯Ό μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ–΄λ €μ›Œν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점이 λ°ν˜€μ‘Œκ³ , λ”°λΌμ„œ μ•žμœΌλ‘œμ˜ λ°œμŒκ΅μœ‘μ—μ„œλŠ” 강세와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ ꡐ윑, 특히 λ¬Έμž₯λ‹¨μœ„μ—μ„œ κ°•μ„Έλ₯Ό 받지 λͺ»ν•΄ μŒκ°€κ°€ μ•½ν™”λ˜κ³  λ³€ν™”λ˜λŠ” μ—°μŒν˜„μƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 지도가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 점을 ν•¨μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ¬Έλ²•μ§€λ„μ—μ„œ 주격 κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사 λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”, λͺ©μ κ²©κ΄€κ³„λŒ€λͺ…사에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”μ–΄, ν•œκ΅­μΈ ν•™μŠ΅μžμ˜ 어렀움을 극볡 ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 지도해야 ν•  것이닀.With the growing use of English around the world, English has become World English. This change in the position of English has led to a change in the field of pronunciation education. Instead of achieving a native-like accent, the focus of pronunciation education has moved to develop an understanding of pronunciations articulated by people from diverse countries and to ensure successful communication. In relation, Munro and Derwing (1995) introduced two concepts; intelligibility and comprehensibility and examined native listeners perception of nonnative speakers speech. Through these two concepts, many experts have indicated that suprasegmental features (e.g., stress, intonation, etc) are important to process nonnative speakers speech. Specifically, a series of previous studies represented that appropriate allocation of stressed and unstressed words in speech are crucial for native speakers to process the speech and make meaningful interactions. Despite the importance of suprasegmental features to listeners intelligibility and comprehensibility, many previous studies have focused on segmental features. Therefore, this study examines Korean students intelligibility and comprehensibility of a native speakers speech focused on stress, especially on unstressed words that are reduced in connected speech. In addition, the experiment is conducted by adding the syntactic complexity of sentences as an independent variable for a more in-depth observation and to bridge the research gap from previous studies. Two types of relative clauses (subject relative clauses, object relative clauses) are used for syntactic complexity as they have been used in many previous studies as a representative of the complexity in structure. For this study, twenty native speakers and a total of forty Korean university students participated in the experiment. The Korean students were divided into high group and low group according to their English certification scores. They were instructed to listen to each sentence spoken by a native speaker and fill the blank in the sentence, which was composed of the reduced word. There were forty-five sentences per experiment and twenty-five of them were a form of one of the relative clauses (subject relative clauses or object relative clauses). The other twenty sentences had a different form, such as relative adverb, declarative or interrogative sentences. In addition, the students were instructed to indicate the challenges they faced while filling the blanks by using a 5-point Likert scale that was available after each sentence. The main results are as follows. First, with regard to intelligibility, native listeners are best aware of reduced words in a sentence regardless of the types of relative clauses (subject relative clause, object relative clause) compared to Korean students. Among Korean learners, the students in the high-level group are better at perceiving reduced words in both types of relative clauses than the low-level students. Additionally, the high-level students are more aware of reduced words in subject relative clauses than object relative clauses. In the case of comprehensibility, this indicates that native listeners understand reduced words more easily than Korean students in both types of relative clauses. In sequence, the students in the high-level group feel more manageable to comprehend the reduced words than that of low-level group. Besides, unlike native listeners, both Korean groups find it easier to process missing words in the subject relative clause than the object relative clause. This finding is also in line with previous studies that claimed an ease in processing the subject relative clause than the object relative clause. Therefore, this experiment demonstrates the need for teaching modifications in unstressed words in connected speech. In addition, grammar instruction focusing on the object relative clause should also be implemented.CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Significant and Purpose of the Study 1 1.2. Reseach Question 5 1.3.Organization of this thesis 7 CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 8 2.1. Speech Intelligibility and Comprehensibility 8 2.2. Relationship between Listeners Intelligibility and Comprehensibility and Suprasegmental Features.10 2.2.1. Sound Modification in Connected Speech 14 2.2.2. EFL students Intelligibility and Comprehensibility on Connected Speech Process 17 2.3. Relationship between Listeners Intelligibility and Comprehensibility and Syntactic Complexity 20 2.3.1. Syntactic Complexity and Relative Clauses 21 CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY 26 3.1. Participants 26 3.2. Materials 27 3.3.Procedure 29 3.3.1.Intelligibility and Comprehensibility Test 30 3.4.Data Analysis 32 CHAPTER 4. RESULTS 33 4.1. Listeners Intelligibility of L1 Speaker's Speech as the Function of Proficiency and Types of the Sentences 33 4.2. Listeners Comprehensibility of the L1 Speaker as the Function of Proficiency and Types of Relative Clauses 38 CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION 45 5.1. Listeners Intelligibility and Comprehensibility of the L1 Speaker Focused on Reduced Words as the Function of Proficiency and Types of Relative Clauses 45 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION 54 6.1. Major Findings 54 6.2.Pedagogical Implications 55 6.3. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research 58 REFERENCES 60 APPENDICES 76 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 101Maste

    Building the patient safety system through analysis on causes of medical accidents

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    μ˜λ£Œλ²•μœ€λ¦¬ν•™ ν˜‘λ™κ³Όμ •/λ°•μ‚¬μ˜λ£Œμ˜€λ₯˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ ꡭ가별 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Ό 전체 μž…μ› ν™˜μž 쀑 μ•½ 10%κ°€ 의료였λ₯˜λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ κΈ΄λ°€ν•œ 관심을 기울이고 ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „ κ°œμ„ μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ 보고체계 및 λΆ„μ„μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 등을 κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ” 기전을 λ³΄μœ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ 경우 μ˜λ£ŒλΆ„μŸμ˜ μ¦κ°€μ—λ§Œ 관심이 μ§‘μ€‘λœ κ°€μš΄λ°, 의료였λ₯˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ 체계적인 쑰사 연ꡬ가 이루어진 적이 μ—†μ–΄ ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ— κ΄€ν•œ ν˜„ν™©μ„ νŒŒμ•…ν•  κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 이둜 μΈν•˜μ—¬ ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „ κ°œμ„ μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ 보고체계 및 λΆ„μ„μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ κ΅¬μΆ•μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 등에 κ΄€ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ  의제둜 λΆ€κ°λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 싀정이닀. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ μ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ³ μ˜ 원인 뢄석을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ²΄κ³„λ₯Ό κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ ν† λŒ€ μž‘μ—…μœΌλ‘œ ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ •λ³΄μ€ν–‰μ— κ΄€ν•œ 사항을 μ œμ•ˆν•¨μ— μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œλŠ” λΉ„κ΅μ œλ„λ‘ μ  뢄석방법과 사둀뢄석방법을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν•œκ΅­μ˜ ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ •λ³΄μ€ν–‰μ˜ μ œμ•ˆμ„ μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 기관을 μš΄μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 영ꡭ, 미ꡭ의 κ΄€λ ¨ μ œλ„λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅μ œλ„λ‘ μ  뢄석방법을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 사둀뢄석방법을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ νŒκ²°λ¬Έμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λΆ„μ„μžλ£ŒλŠ” λ―Όμ‚¬μ†Œμ†‘ 판결문 쀑 μ‚¬κ±΄λ²ˆν˜Έ 2007λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2010λ…„μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘λ˜λŠ” 사건λͺ…이 손해배상(의)인 νŒκ²°λ¬Έμ„ κ²€μƒ‰ν•˜μ—¬ μΈμš©κΈˆμ•‘μ΄ μ œμ‹œλœ 총 786건(사건 수 560건)을 μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ—¬ 뢄석에 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λΉ„κ΅μ œλ„λ‘ μ  뢄석결과, 영ꡭ, λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό ν•œκ΅­μ΄ λͺ¨λ‘ μ˜λ£ŒλΆ„μŸμ— κ΄€ν•œ 증가와 ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ— κ΄€ν•œ 관심이 고쑰된 곡톡적인 νŠΉμ§•μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 특히 영ꡭ과 미ꡭ의 경우 일정 κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ μž…μ› ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒλ˜λŠ” μ•…κ²°κ³Ό(adverse events)에 κ΄€ν•œ 사전 연ꡬ가 μ§„ν–‰λœ 곡톡점이 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ 경우 κ΄€λ ¨ 사전 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 진행이 μ§„ν–‰λœ λ°” μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‹€λ§Œ 졜근 μ œμ •λœ γ€Œμ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ³  ν”Όν•΄κ΅¬μ œ 및 μ˜λ£ŒλΆ„μŸ μ‘°μ • 등에 κ΄€ν•œ 법λ₯ γ€λ° ν•œκ΅­μ˜λ£ŒλΆ„μŸμ‘°μ •μ€‘μž¬μ› 섀립 등을 κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨ν•΄λ³Ό λ•Œ μ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ³  μ˜ˆλ°©μ— κ΄€ν•œ 사항보닀 μ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ³  λ°œμƒ ν›„ 해결에 관심이 μ§‘μ€‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ •λ³΄μ€ν–‰κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μœ μ‚¬ 쑰직을 λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 영ꡭ과 미ꡭ은 ν•΄λ‹Ή 쑰직에 κ΄€ν•œ 법적 근거와 ν•¨κ»˜ 쑰직을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 두 κ΅­κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ 보건뢀λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ²΄λ‘œ μ‚°ν•˜κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ, 영ꡭ의 경우 κ΅­κ°€ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ²­((National Patient Safety Agency, NPSA)μ΄λΌλŠ” 쑰직이 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ 있으며, 미ꡭ의 경우 ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „ λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€μ˜ λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬(Network of Patient Safety Databases, NPSD)와 ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „κΈ°κ΅¬(Patient Safety Organization, PSO)λΌλŠ” 쑰직이 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 두 기ꡬ λͺ¨λ‘ 의료였λ₯˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ 정보 μˆ˜μ§‘β€€λΆ„μ„β€€ν™˜λ₯˜ κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 판결문의 사둀뢄석은 ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ •λ³΄μ€ν–‰μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯인 정보 μˆ˜μ§‘β€€λΆ„μ„β€€ν™˜λ₯˜μ— 따라 각각의 κΈ°μ „ κ°œλ°œμ— μ μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 정보 μˆ˜μ§‘ κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ νŒκ²°λ¬Έμ— 수둝된 μ •λ³΄λ‘œ μ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ³ λ‚˜ μ˜λ£ŒλΆ„μŸμœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ·Όμ ‘μ˜€λ₯˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ 정보와 ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ‚¬κ±΄μ΄ λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ•ˆμ „ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 상황에 κ΄€ν•œ μ •λ³΄μ˜ 선별은 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” ν™˜μžκ°€ μΈμ§€ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ μ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ³ λ‚˜ μ˜λ£ŒλΆ„μŸμ˜ 경우 의료제곡자의 μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ κ΄€λ ¨ 정보λ₯Ό λ³΄κ³ ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄, κ²°μ½” νŒŒμ•…ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 정보이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. 판결문 786건(사건 수 560건)의 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό λΆ€λ¬Έ 및 μ§„λ£Œκ³Όλͺ© 쀑 κ°€μž₯ 높은 λΉ„μœ¨μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 뢀뢄은 μ˜ν•™ λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ μ •ν˜•μ™Έκ³Ό(14.29%)μ˜€μœΌλ©°, λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ˜ν•™ λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ λ‚΄κ³Ό(13.57%), 산뢀인과(12.32%), μ„±ν˜•μ™Έκ³Ό(11.79%), μ‹ κ²½μ™Έκ³Ό(11.79%) 순으둜 μ™Έκ³Ό 계열이 높은 λΉ„μœ¨μ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 뢀문별 사고 원인은 처치 및 수술(μ‚°κ³Ό μ œμ™Έ)(65.36%)μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, λ‹€μŒ μˆœμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ˜ν•™ λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ 진단(8.75%), μ‚°κ³Ό 처치 및 수술(7.32%), νˆ¬μ•½ 및 쑰제(3.75%), μΉ˜μ˜ν•™ λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ 보철치료(1.96%), μ˜ν•™ λΆ€λ¬Έμ˜ 검사(1.96%)μ˜€λ‹€. 사고 ν›„ 손상 및 μž₯μ• λŠ” 사망(29.29%)으둜 κ°€μž₯ λ†’μ•˜μœΌλ©°, κ·Έ λ‹€μŒ μˆœμœΌλ‘œλŠ” ν›„μœ μ¦(23.75%), 영ꡬμž₯μ• (21.43%)둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 뢄석해본 κ²°κ³Ό, 560건 쀑 370건은 뢄석 μ§€ν‘œκ°€ μ—†μ–΄ 뢄석에 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λΆ„μ„μ§€ν‘œκ°€ μ—†λŠ” 사건을 μ‚¬κ³ λ°œμƒ μ˜λ£Œν–‰μœ„μ™€ μ§„λ£Œκ³Όλͺ©μ„ κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜μ—¬ μΆ”κ°€ μ§€ν‘œλ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 정보 ν™˜λ₯˜ κΈ°λŠ₯κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ νŒκ²°λ¬Έμ„ μ μš©ν•΄ λ³Έ κ²°κ³Ό, ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ§€ν‘œ ν•­λͺ© 쀑 수술 쀑 이물질 μž”λ₯˜, 수술 λΆ€μœ„ 였λ₯˜, ν˜ˆμ•‘ν˜• 였λ₯˜, νˆ¬μ•½ 였λ₯˜, ν™˜μž 낙상, 정신뢄열병 ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μžμ‚΄ λ“±μ˜ 사고와 같은 예방 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ‚¬κ³ λŠ” 기타λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•œ 190건의 사고 쀑 20.53%(39건)을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 결과에 κ΄€ν•œ 곡개 및 이λ₯Ό μ˜ˆλ°©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 사업-사고 예방 지침 마련 및 ꡐ윑, κ΄€λ ¨ μž₯λΉ„ 보강 λ“±μ˜ 방법-을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ˜ˆλ°©μ‚¬μ—…μ˜ 효과λ₯Ό μ—°κ°„ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜λŠ” λ“±, μž₯기적인 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œμ˜ μ‚¬μ—…μ˜ μš΄μ˜μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ΄λΌλŠ” ꢁ극적인 λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 이에 λŒ€ν•œ ν˜„ν™© νŒŒμ•…κ³Ό 이λ₯Ό 근거둜 ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ ‘κ·Ό 및 ν™˜λ₯˜μ²΄κ³„μ˜ 마련이 ν•„μˆ˜μ μ΄λ‹€. λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ°œμƒλ˜λŠ” μ˜λ£ŒλΆ„μŸ 해결에 κ΄€ν•œ 자료 및 μ˜λ£ŒλΆ„μŸκΉŒμ§€ λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ³ μ— κ΄€ν•œ μžλ£ŒκΉŒμ§€ ν­λ„“κ²Œ ν™•λ³΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” κ΄€λ ¨ 자료의 μˆ˜μ§‘β€€λΆ„μ„β€€ν™˜λ₯˜ κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•  κΈ°κ΄€ 및 ν•΄λ‹Ή κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ 지원 등을 μœ„ν•œ ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ •λ³΄μ€ν–‰μ˜ 법λ₯  κ·œμ •μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ •λ³΄μ€ν–‰μ„ μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 법λ₯ μ— ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  μ£Όμš”λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 β‘  자료 제곡 의무, β‘‘ 자료 관리 κ·œμ •(정보 보호λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 자료의 읡λͺ…화와 μ†Œμ†‘ 및 징계 절차 λ“±μ—μ„œμ˜ 증거 λ“±μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš© κΈˆμ§€), β‘’ λ°μ΄ν„°λ² μ΄μŠ€ ꡬ좕 및 λΆ„λ₯˜, β‘£ μš΄μ˜κΈ°κ΄€ 및 κ΅¬μ„±μ›μ˜ μžκ²©μ— κ΄€ν•œ 사항 β‘€ ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ •λ³΄μ€ν–‰μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜ 및 μ—­ν•  등을 μ œμ•ˆ ν•œλ‹€. ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ΄λΌλŠ” λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό λ‹¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 이미 λ°œμƒλœ μ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ³  κ΄€λ ¨ 자료λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ—¬ 원인을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  κ·Έ μ›μΈμ˜ 해결책을 κ°•κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은 제2, 제3의 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ³  λ°œμƒμ„ μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ„ ν–‰λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 일이닀. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ ν™˜μž, μ˜λ£Œκ³„μ— μ’…μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  인λ ₯κ³Ό κΈ°κ΄€, 이듀을 λŒ€ν‘œν•˜λŠ” 단체, μ˜λ£ŒλΆ„μŸ ν•΄κ²°κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ κΈ°κ΄€, μ§€μ—­μ‚¬νšŒ, κ΅­κ°€κ°€ λͺ¨λ‘ μΈμ§€ν•˜κ³  ν™˜μžμ•ˆμ „μ •λ³΄μ€ν–‰μ˜ λ³Έμ—°μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μ‹€ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.prohibitio

    Application of malpractice cause analysis tools for preventing repeat medical accident

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    Medical disputes and the medical malpractice have increased steadily along with the development of medical technology and increasing use of medical services. Various increased side effects of medical disputes not only affect patients and their families but also negatively affect medical professionals and ultimately threaten the health of the people that it is becoming an important social issue. Although preventive measures are necessary to avoid medical disputes, currently, Korean policies are focused on settling the disputes. Considering the current policies regarding medical disputes, the most enforceable part at this time is analyzing the dispute cases to comprehend the causes and to adopt and practice measures to prevent recurrence. Fur such reasons, we utilized Japan"s Obstetrics Health Compensation Scheme Cause Analysis Committee"s Report and Fundamental Cause Analysis Tool, focusing on cause analysis and recurrence, to provide malpractice analysis tool and have applied to one of the medical litigation sentencing.ope
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