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    μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž…Β·μš΄μš©μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :λ³΄κ±΄λŒ€ν•™μ› 보건학과,2019. 8. 졜경호.We use a lot of medicines and personal care products in our daily life. However, these ingredients have been detected in surface water, groundwater, soil, and even drinking water. Also, trace amounts of ingredients have been reported to cause endocrine disruption, acute or chronic toxicity, mutagenicity, etc. Since the exposure pathways of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) vary, efforts to reduce the PPCPs in the water environment have been made in variety either. But, these efforts such as regulation of product, regulation of the use of ingredients, improvement of sewage treatment plant (STP) efficiency, and improvement of labeling and packaging have limitations. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to advance environmental risk assessment as a scientific and rational decision-making method that can anticipate and analyze the environmental impact based on the precautionary principle. Advance environmental risk assessment needs to be introduced in three aspects. First, as a sustainable principle for solving environmental problems, there is a need for an advance environmental risk assessment system based on the polluter pays principle and the precautionary principle. Second, for the implementation of environmental justice, an advance environmental risk assessment system based on the polluter pays principle and principle of liability without fault is needed. Third, an advance environmental risk assessment system is required as a means of obtaining adequate and sufficient information. In this study, in order to find out how to introduce an advance environmental risk assessment system for pharmaceuticals and personal care products, we investigated the theoretical background, analyzed the current situation, analyzed the main factors, and prepared ways to introduce the systems. As a result of analyzing the status of pharmaceuticals, the EU, the USA, and Canada have introduced an advance environmental risk assessment system for human pharmaceuticals. However, despite the fact that 51 medicinal ingredients have been detected in surface water in Korea, there is no advance environmental risk assessment system for human pharmaceuticals. Based on the results of this analysis, we have had suggestions to introduce the advance environmental risk assessment for human pharmaceuticals into the Pharmaceutical Affair Act. And we proposed three alternatives: 1) Introduction of advance environmental risk assessment into human medicine and veterinary medicine respectively, 2) Integrating human medicine and veterinary medicine evaluation system, 3) Application of the advance environmental risk assessment system in the Law on the Registration and Evaluation of Chemicals. Also, as a result of analyzing the status of personal care products, we found that there were characteristics of being discharged from households indirectly flow out via the STP to the water environment, or being directly used out to the water environment. Perfume, Disinfectant, Sunscreen, Insecticide, Preservative, and Antioxidant ingredients were detected in STP influent. And synthetic musks, perfluoroalkyls compounds, organic UV-filters, microplastics were not effectively removed at the STP. The EU and Australia have introduced an advance environmental risk assessment system for personal care products ingredients, and Korea has introduced advance environmental risk assessment system for chemicals in some personal care products. In Korea, although personal care product is defined, it is divided and managed in various laws. Therefore, it is proposed to organize the subject matter. Based on the results of this analysis, we proposed three alternatives: 1) Introduction of advance environmental risk assessment system in individual laws, 2) Application of the advance environmental risk assessment system of the Law on the Registration and Evaluation of Chemicals, 3) Introduction of an advance environmental risk assessment system as in a joint law. The following can be expected from this study. 1) Providing basic information for judgment when discussing the introduction of advance environmental risk assessment for human pharmaceuticals and personal care products, 2) Promoting the introduction of a system by suggesting a specific legislative system and implementation strategy, 3) Reducing environmental impacts caused by chemical ingredients and contribution to environmental sustainability.μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΌμƒμƒν™œμ—μ„œ μ†Œμ—Όμ œ, μ§„ν†΅μ œ, ν•­μƒμ œ λ“± μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ(Pharmaceuticals)κ³Ό ν™”μž₯ν’ˆ, 샴푸, λΉ„λˆ„, μΉ˜μ•½, 선크림, μ„Έμ œ, μ†Œλ…μ œ λ“± μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆ(Personal Care Products, PCPs)을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ κ·Έ κ°œλ…μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 일반적으둜 ν•©μ˜λœ λ°”λŠ” μ—†μœΌλ‚˜, 이듀 μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆμ„ 합쳐 PPCPs(Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products)라고 λΆ€λ₯Έλ‹€. 인ꡬ가 μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  κ³ λ Ήν™”κ°€ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λ©° μƒν™œμˆ˜μ€€μ΄ ν–₯상됨에 따라, 이듀 PPCPs의 κ³΅κΈ‰λŸ‰ 및 μ‚¬μš©λŸ‰μ΄ μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이듀 μ œν’ˆμ— ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” ν™œμ„±μ˜μ•½μ„±λΆ„(Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, APIs)μ΄λ‚˜ 보쑴제(preservative), ν–₯료(fragrance), ν•­κ· μ œ(antibacterial), UV μ°¨λ‹¨μ œ(UV filter) μ„±λΆ„ 등이 μ§€ν‘œμˆ˜, μ§€ν•˜μˆ˜, ν† μ–‘, 심지어 μ‹μˆ˜μ—μ„œλ„ κ²€μΆœλ˜κ³  있고, λ―ΈλŸ‰μœΌλ‘œλ„ λ¬Όν™˜κ²½ μƒλ¬Όμ²΄μ˜ 내뢄비계 κ΅λž€μ΄λ‚˜ κΈ‰β€’λ§Œμ„± 독성, 변이성 등을 μœ λ°œν•œλ‹€λŠ” 보고가 μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 성뢄듀이 ν™˜κ²½ μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ±°λ™λ˜λŠ”μ§€, ν™˜κ²½μ— μ–΄λ– ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”μ§€ 등에 λŒ€ν•œ 과학적 정보가 μΆ©λΆ„ν•˜κ²Œ λ§ˆλ ¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€ 싀정이닀. μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν™˜κ²½μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯이 클 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μ •λ˜λŠ” 성뢄을 κ³΅ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•¨μœ ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ˜μ•½ν’ˆβ€’κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆ(Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products, PPCPs)이라고 ν†΅μΉ­ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ€λ₯΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ˜μ•½ν’ˆβ€’κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆ(PPCPs)에 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 화학성뢄은 생물학적 ν™œμ„± 및 물리화학적 νŠΉμ„± λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μž”λ₯˜μ„±μœ κΈ°μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆ(Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs), 내뢄비계μž₯μ• λ¬Όμ§ˆ(Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, EDCs) λ“±κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ κ΄€μ‹¬μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆ(Contaminants of Emerging Concern, CECs)둜 κ΅¬λΆ„λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ˜μ•½ν’ˆβ€’κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆ(PPCPs)에 ν•¨μœ λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 성뢄이 λ¬Όν™˜κ²½μ— λ°°μΆœλ˜λŠ” κ²½λ‘œκ°€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, 이둜 μΈν•œ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄λ₯Ό μ €κ°ν•˜λ €λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ œν’ˆβ€’μ„±λΆ„ 규제, κΈ°μ€€β€’κ·œκ²© 마련, μœ„ν•΄μ„± 적은 μ œν’ˆ μƒμ‚°ν•˜κΈ°, ν•˜μˆ˜μ²˜λ¦¬μž₯ 효율 κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ°, 포μž₯‒라벨링 κ°œμ„ , λΆˆμš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ 수거 등이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ²Œ 운용되고 μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이런 μ œλ„λ‘œλŠ” 예츑 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯μ„±, κ΄‘μ—­μ„±, μ‹œμ°¨μ„±, λ³΅μž‘μ„±, μƒν˜Έ κ΄€λ ¨μ„±, λΉ„κ°€μ—­μ„±, λˆ„μ μ„± 등을 νŠΉμ§•μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½λ¬Έμ œλ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데에 ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό 보이고 μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ 이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ™„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 지속가λŠ₯λ°œμ „ 원칙과 ν™˜κ²½ μ •μ˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄ 저감 λ°©μ•ˆμ΄ 마련될 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ§Žμ€ ꡭ가듀이 지속가λŠ₯λ°œμ „ 원칙과 ν™˜κ²½ μ •μ˜ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ˜€μ—Όμ›μΈμž λΆ€λ‹΄ 원칙(polluter pays principle)κ³Ό μ‚¬μ „μ£Όμ˜ 원칙(precautionary principle)에 μž…κ°ν•œ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€(advance environmental risk assessment) μ œλ„μ— μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„λŠ” μ œν’ˆ λ˜λŠ” 물질이 ν™˜κ²½μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 사전에 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜κ³  λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ ν™˜κ²½μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯을 저감할 수 μžˆλŠ” 과학적이고 합리적인 μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ • 방법이닀. μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©, λ―Έκ΅­, μΊλ‚˜λ‹€, 호주 λ“±μ˜ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆβ€’κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆ(PPCPs)에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλŠ” λ™λ¬Όμš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ§Œ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰μ€‘μ΄κ³ , μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό ν™”μž₯ν’ˆ, 샴푸, λΉ„λˆ„, μΉ˜μ•½, 선크림, μ„Έμ œ, μ†Œλ…μ œ λ“± κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±μ„ ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλ„ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆβ€’κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆ(PPCPs)의 μ†ŒλΉ„λŸ‰μ΄ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κ³  있고, μ œν’ˆμ— ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 성뢄이 λ¬Όν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ κ²€μΆœλ˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν™˜κ²½μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μœ„ν•΄ μš°λ €λ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ²°μ½” μžμœ λ‘­μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ, μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ 싀정에 λ§žλŠ” μ˜μ•½ν’ˆβ€’κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆ(PPCPs)에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„μ˜ λ„μž…μ„ κ²€ν† ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. ν˜„ν–‰λ²•μƒ κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆμ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” μ œν’ˆκ΅°μ€ γ€Œν™”μž₯ν’ˆλ²•γ€μ— λ”°λ₯Έ ν™”μž₯ν’ˆ, γ€Œμœ„μƒμš©ν’ˆ 관리법」에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ£Όλ°©μ„Έμ œβ€’ν—Ήκ΅Όλ³΄μ‘°μ œ, γ€Œμ „κΈ°μš©ν’ˆ 및 μƒν™œμš©ν’ˆ μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬λ²•γ€μ— λ”°λ₯Έ ν™”μž₯λΉ„λˆ„, γ€Œμƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ 및 μ‚΄μƒλ¬Όμ œμ˜ μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬μ— κ΄€ν•œ 법λ₯ γ€μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆβ€’μ‚΄μƒλ¬Όμ œ λ“±μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λ‰˜μ–΄ κ΄€λ¦¬λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” ν™”μž₯ν’ˆ, 샴푸, λΉ„λˆ„, μΉ˜μ•½, 선크림, μ„Έμ œ λ“±μ˜ μ œν’ˆκ΅°μ„ μΌμƒμƒν™œμ—μ„œ ν”νžˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” ν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ΄λΌλŠ” μ˜λ―Έμ—μ„œ μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ μΉ­ν•˜κ³ , γ€Œμ•½μ‚¬λ²•γ€μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜μ—¬ μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž… λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•˜λŠ” 것을 연ꡬ λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ 싀정에 λ§žλŠ” μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž… λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, κ΄€μ‹¬μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆ(CECs)의 μœ ν˜• 및 νŠΉμ§•, μ˜μ•½ν’ˆβ€’κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆ(PPCPs)κ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό μœ ν˜•, PPCPs둜 μΈν•œ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄ 저감 λ°©μ•ˆκ³Ό μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž… ν•„μš”μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 이둠적 배경을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³ (IIμž₯), μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ΄ ν™˜κ²½μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μœ„ν•΄ 및 ν˜„ν™©, μ™Έκ΅­μ˜ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„, μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ λ²•β€’μ œλ„ ν˜„ν™©, 문제점 및 μ‹œμ‚¬μ μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(IIIμž₯, IVμž₯). 이λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ, μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ˜ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž…β€’μš΄μš© λ°©μ•ˆμ„ 법적 기반, κ΄€λ ¨ 주체, 평가 λŒ€μƒ, 평가 μ‹œκΈ°, 평가 방법, μœ„ν•΄μ„± νŒλ‹¨ κΈ°μ€€, λΉ„μš©, 평가 ν›„ 쑰치둜 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ—¬ ꡬ체적인 법령 κ°œμ •μ•ˆμ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€κ³ , ν˜„ν–‰λ²•μ—μ„œ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ œλ„ λ„μž…β€’μš΄μš© λ°©μ•ˆμ„ 각각 3가지 λŒ€μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€(Vμž₯). μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ λ¬Όν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ μž”λ₯˜μ„±β€’생농좕성‒독성(PBT) 및 μœ„ν•΄μ„±μ΄ 높은 μ˜μ•½μ„±λΆ„μ΄ κ²€μΆœλ˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄ μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±μ˜ 사전 평가 체계가 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 점이 문제점으둜 μ§€μ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ˜ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„λŠ” γ€Œμ•½μ‚¬λ²•γ€μ œ31쑰제10항에 μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ ν’ˆλͺ©ν—ˆκ°€ μ‹ μ²­μ‹œ μ•ˆμ „μ„±β€’μœ νš¨μ„± 심사 자료둜 μžμ—°ν™˜κ²½μ— λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯에 κ΄€ν•œ 자료λ₯Ό μ œμΆœν•˜λ„λ‘ κ·œμ •ν•˜λ©΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•  것이닀. μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ μ‹€μ •μ—μ„œ ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„± 평가 μ£Όμ²΄λŠ” λ‹Ήκ΅­(μ‹ν’ˆμ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ•ˆμ „μ²˜)이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ , μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ •λŸ‰μ  μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 기쀀을 λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜κ³  μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ λͺ©λ‘μ„ μž‘μ„±ν•˜λ©° μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ 성뢄이 ν•¨μœ λœ κΈ°μ‘΄ μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ ν†΅ν•©μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€λ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€ 방법과 μ ˆμ°¨λ‘œλŠ” 4단계 μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€ 방법과 phase-tiered approachλ₯Ό μ μš©ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ 있으며, μ •λΆ€λŠ” μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μž₯기영ν–₯, 볡합독성 연ꡬλ₯Ό 지원할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 기업체가 ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ 자료 생산 λΉ„μš©μ„ λΆ€λ‹΄ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λ°”λžŒμ§ν•˜λ©°, κΈ°μ—…μ˜ λΆ€λ‹΄ μ™„ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κ³΅λ™λ“±λ‘μ œ λ„μž…, GLP ν™•λŒ€ 등이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„λ₯Ό 톡해 규제λ₯Ό κ°€ν•˜κΈ°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 정보 확보에 의의λ₯Ό 두며, 자문기ꡬλ₯Ό 두어 기업을 μ§€μ›ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³ , 포μž₯‒라벨링 ν‘œκΈ°μ™€ 같은 μœ„ν•΄μ €κ°μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄λ‚˜ λΆˆμš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ νšŒμˆ˜μ •μ±…μ„ κ°•ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž… λ°©μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ, 법령 κ°œμ •μ„ μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆ(λŒ€μ•ˆ 1), μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό λ™λ¬Όμš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ 평가 체계λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•©ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ‚°μž¬λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” ν˜„ν–‰ 법체계λ₯Ό μ •λΉ„ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆ(λŒ€μ•ˆ 2), 방법둠이 잘 μ •λΉ„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 법λ₯ μ„ μ€€μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆ(λŒ€μ•ˆ 3)을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, ν˜„ν–‰λ²•μ—μ„œ μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ •μ˜ 방식이 내포적 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ˜μ–΄ 있고, μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ 관리 체계가 μ‚°μž¬λ˜μ–΄ 있으며, μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμŒμ—λ„ ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 사전 평가 체계가 λΆ€μž¬ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것을 문제점으둜 μ§€μ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ˜ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„λŠ” γ€Œν™”μž₯ν’ˆλ²•γ€κ³Ό γ€Œμƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ 및 μ‚΄μƒλ¬Όμ œμ˜ μ•ˆμ „κ΄€λ¦¬μ— κ΄€ν•œ 법λ₯ γ€μ— μ œν’ˆμ˜ μ œμ‘°β€’μˆ˜μž…μžλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ μ œν’ˆμ˜ μ œμ‘°β€’μˆ˜μž… 전에 μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ 자료 μ œμΆœμ„ μ˜λ¬΄ν™”ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ‹€μ‹œκ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ§ˆλ ¨ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 평가 λŒ€μƒμ€ ν™”μž₯ν’ˆ, κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆ, μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ΄λ©°, ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€ μ£Όμ²΄λŠ” λ‹Ήκ΅­(μ‹ν’ˆμ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ•ˆμ „μ²˜, ν™˜κ²½λΆ€)이 λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. ν•˜μˆ˜μ²˜λ¦¬μž₯μ—μ„œ μ œκ±°λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ λ¬Όν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ κ²€μΆœλ˜λŠ” μ„±λΆ„, ν™˜κ²½μ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” μ„±λΆ„μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ„ κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  이런 성뢄을 ν•¨μœ ν•œ μ œν’ˆμ„ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ •λΆ€κ°€ ν†΅ν•©μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€λ₯Ό μ‹€μ‹œν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 4단계 μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€ 방법둠을 채택할 ν•„μš”κ°€ 있고, μ •λΆ€ μ£Όλ„λ‘œ μž₯κΈ° 영ν–₯κ³Ό 볡합 독성 연ꡬ 지원이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. 기업체가 μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€ 자료 생산 λΉ„μš©μ„ λΆ€λ‹΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λ°”λžŒμ§ν•˜κ³ , 기업체 λΆ€λ‹΄ μ™„ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κ³΅λ™λ“±λ‘μ œ λ„μž…, GLP ν™•λŒ€ 등이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€ κ²°κ³Όλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 정보 확보에 의의λ₯Ό 두며, 자문기ꡬλ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν•˜μ—¬ 기업을 지원할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŒμ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž… λ°©μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ, ν˜„ν–‰ 법체계λ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 법령 κ°œμ •μ„ μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆ(λŒ€μ•ˆ 1), 방법둠이 잘 μ •λΉ„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 법λ₯ μ„ μ€€μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆ(λŒ€μ•ˆ 2), ν™”μž₯ν’ˆκ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ˜ 평가 체계λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚°μž¬λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 법체계λ₯Ό μ •λΉ„ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ•ˆ(λŒ€μ•ˆ 3)을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 κΈ°λŒ€ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ°”λŠ” 1) μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž… λ…Όμ˜μ‹œ κ°€μΉ˜ νŒλ‹¨μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ 기초 자료λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³ , 2) ꡬ체적인 법령 체계 및 μ œλ„ μ‹œν–‰ μ „λž΅μ„ μ œμ‹œν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ œλ„ λ„μž…μ˜ λ°©ν–₯을 μ„€μ •ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λ©°, 3) λ³Έ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 μ œλ„κ°€ λ„μž…λ˜λ©΄, μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμœΌλ‘œ μ•ΌκΈ°λ˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½ 영ν–₯이 κ°μ†Œλ˜κ³  ν™˜κ²½ 지속성을 확보할 수 μžˆλŠ”λ° κΈ°μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.I. μ„œλ‘  1 1.1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 및 ν•„μš”μ„± 1 1.2. 연ꡬ λͺ©μ  7 1.3. 연ꡬ 체계 및 방법 8 1.3.1. 연ꡬ 체계 8 1.3.2. 연ꡬ 방법 11 II. μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ˜ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄ 저감 λ°©μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ 12 2.1. μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆμ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό λ²”μœ„ 12 2.1.1. κ΄€μ‹¬μ˜€μ—Όλ¬Όμ§ˆ(CECs) 12 2.1.2. μ˜μ•½ν’ˆβ€’κ°œμΈκ΄€λ¦¬μš©ν’ˆ(PPCPs) 14 2.1.3. μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ 26 2.1.4. λ³Έ 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ 30 2.2. PPCPs ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄ 저감 λ°©μ•ˆ 33 2.2.1. μ œν’ˆ 및 μ„±λΆ„ μ‚¬μš© 규제 33 2.2.2. κΈ°μ€€ 및 규격 마련 34 2.2.3. μœ„ν•΄μ„± 적은 μ œν’ˆ μƒμ‚°ν•˜κΈ° 35 2.2.4. ν•˜μˆ˜μ²˜λ¦¬μž₯ 효율 κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° 36 2.2.5. 포μž₯ 및 라벨링 37 2.2.6. λΆˆμš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ 수거 39 2.3. μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž…μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 41 2.3.1. μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„μ˜ 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 41 2.3.2. μ œλ„ λ„μž…μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„± 64 III. μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž…β€’μš΄μš© 사둀 75 3.1. μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄ 및 ν˜„ν™© 75 3.1.1. 생산 및 μ†ŒλΉ„ 78 3.1.2. ν•˜μˆ˜μ²˜λ¦¬μž₯ μœ μž…β€’μœ μΆœ 81 3.1.3. ν•˜μˆ˜μ²˜λ¦¬μž₯ 제거율 83 3.1.4. λ¬Όν™˜κ²½ 농도 86 3.1.5. ν™˜κ²½ 영ν–₯ 92 3.2. μ™Έκ΅­μ˜ μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ 95 3.2.1. μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© 96 3.2.2. λ―Έκ΅­ 105 3.2.3. μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ 110 3.2.4. μ’…ν•© 비ꡐ 115 3.3. μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ λ²•β€’μ œλ„ ν˜„ν™© 121 3.3.1. λ™λ¬Όμš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€ 122 3.3.2. μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ μ‚¬ν›„μΈμ²΄μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€ 128 3.3.3. μ’…ν•© 비ꡐ 130 3.4. 문제점 및 μ‹œμ‚¬μ  134 3.4.1. μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄ κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 134 3.4.2. μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄μ„± 사전 평가 체계 λΆ€μž¬ 136 3.4.3. 타 λ²•μ—μ„œ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ 적용 배제 138 IV. μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž…β€’μš΄μš© 사둀 139 4.1. μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄ 및 ν˜„ν™© 139 4.1.1. 생산 및 μ†ŒλΉ„ 141 4.1.2. ν•˜μˆ˜μ²˜λ¦¬μž₯ μœ μž…β€’μœ μΆœ 143 4.1.3. ν•˜μˆ˜μ²˜λ¦¬μž₯ 제거율 144 4.1.4. λ¬Όν™˜κ²½ 농도 144 4.1.5. ν™˜κ²½ 영ν–₯ 146 4.2. μ™Έκ΅­μ˜ μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ 149 4.2.1. μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•© 150 4.2.2. 호주 158 4.2.4. μ’…ν•© 비ꡐ 167 4.3. μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ λ²•β€’μ œλ„ ν˜„ν™© 171 4.3.1. ν™”μž₯ν’ˆ μ›λ£Œ μ‚¬ν›„μΈμ²΄μœ„ν•΄ν‰κ°€ 174 4.3.2. μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ μ‚¬ν›„ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€ 179 4.3.3. ν™”ν•™λ¬Όμ§ˆ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€ 185 4.3.4. μ‹ν’ˆμ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ•ˆμ „μ²˜ μœ„ν•΄ν‰κ°€ κ·œμ • μ „λ©΄ κ°œμ • 192 4.3.5. μ’…ν•© 비ꡐ 194 4.4. 문제점 및 μ‹œμ‚¬μ  198 4.4.1. μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ 관리 체계 198 4.4.2. μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ ν™˜κ²½ μœ„ν•΄ κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 204 4.4.3. μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„± 사전 평가 체계 λΆ€μž¬ 205 V. μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž…β€’μš΄μš© λ°©μ•ˆ 207 5.1. μΈμ²΄μš©μ˜μ•½ν’ˆ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž…β€’μš΄μš© λ°©μ•ˆ 207 5.1.1. λ²•β€’μ œλ„μ  ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œ 207 5.1.2. μ œλ„ λ„μž…β€’μš΄μš© λ°©μ•ˆ 230 5.2. μƒν™œν™”ν•™μ œν’ˆ μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž…β€’μš΄μš© λ°©μ•ˆ 238 5.2.1. λ²•β€’μ œλ„μ  ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œ 238 5.2.2. μ œλ„ λ„μž…β€’μš΄μš© λ°©μ•ˆ 262 VI. κ²°λ‘  269 μ°Έκ³  λ¬Έν—Œ 274 뢀둝: μ‚¬μ „ν™˜κ²½μœ„ν•΄μ„±ν‰κ°€μ œλ„ λ„μž… 법령 κ°œμ • μ œμ•ˆμ•ˆ 289 Abstract 298Docto

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 전기·컴퓨터곡학뢀, 2015. 2. μ •μœ€μ°¬.포화성 ν‘μˆ˜μ²΄λŠ” νŽ„μŠ€ λ ˆμ΄μ €λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μˆ˜λ™ λͺ¨λ“œ 잠금 방식과 Q-μŠ€μœ„μΉ­ 방식에 핡심 μž₯μΉ˜λ‘œμ„œ 역할을 ν•œλ‹€. νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒμ˜ 광학적 νŠΉμ„±μ€ 포화성 흑수체의 μ„±μ§ˆμ„ 가지기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‘μš©μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ³ , νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ μ œμž‘ν•œ 포화성 ν‘μˆ˜μ²΄λŠ” 기쑴에 μƒμš©λ˜λŠ” 포화성 ν‘μˆ˜μ²΄μ— λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ μ œμž‘κ³Όμ •μ΄ κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ³  μ†Œμš”λ˜λŠ” λΉ„μš©μ΄ μ λ‹€λŠ” μž₯점을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€. κΈ°μ‘΄ κΈ°μ§ˆμ— 박막을 ν˜•μ„±μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 방식인 μŠ€ν”„λ ˆμ΄ 방식과 μŠ€ν•€ μ½”νŒ… λ°©μ‹κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ ν”„λ¦°νŒ… 방식은 μ–‘κ³Ό 밀도λ₯Ό μ‘°μ ˆν•˜λŠ”λ° 큰 이점이 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒ 박막 κ· μ§ˆμ„±μ„ λ†’μ—¬ νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 포화성 흑수체 λ“± μƒμš©ν™”λœ μž₯치λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•  λ•Œ ν’ˆμ§ˆμ˜ 일관성을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, ν”„λ¦°νŒ… 방식은 κ·Έλž˜ν•€ λ“± λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ—λ„ μ†μ‰½κ²Œ 적용이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. 그리고 νŒ¨ν„΄ ν˜•μ„±μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν”„λ¦°νŒ… 방식은 이λ₯Ό 기반으둜 μ œμž‘λœ λ„νŒŒλ‘œ λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 뢄야에 μ‘μš©λ  수 μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 졜초둜 μΈ‘λ©΄ μ—°λ§ˆ κ΄‘μ„¬μœ μ— νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒλ₯Ό ν”„λ¦°νŒ… ν•˜μ—¬ μ œμž‘ν•œ 포화성 흑수체λ₯Ό μ œμž‘ν•˜κ³ , νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λͺ¨λ“œ 잠금 λ ˆμ΄μ €λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ—¬ 포화성 흑수체둜 μƒμš© 포화성 흑수체λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμ™€ νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒ 포화성 흑수체λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ 큰 차이가 μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒλŠ” λΆ„μž λΉ„λŒ€μΉ­μ„±μ˜ 차이λ₯Ό 톡해 κΈˆμ†μ˜ μ„±μ§ˆκ³Ό λ°˜λ„μ²΄μ˜ μ„±μ§ˆμ„ 선택할 수 μžˆλŠ” νŠΉμ§•μ΄ μžˆλ‹€. κΈˆμ†μ„± μƒ˜ν”Œκ³Ό λ°˜λ„μ²΄μ„± μƒ˜ν”Œ, 두 가지 μƒ˜ν”Œμ„ λ‘κ»˜μ˜ 차이λ₯Ό μ£Όκ³  ν”„λ¦°νŒ… ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 흑수 νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜κ³ , 이 μ°¨μ΄λŠ” νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒμ˜ 흑수 파μž₯λŒ€μ—­μ— 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ˜λŠ” 것을 확인할 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 이 νŠΉμ„±μ˜ 차이에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 후에 λͺ¨λ“œ 잠금 λ ˆμ΄μ €λ₯Ό ν˜•μ„±ν•  λ•Œ μ œμž‘ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” λ ˆμ΄μ €μ˜ 파μž₯λŒ€μ—­μ— λ§žλŠ” νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒ 포화성 흑수체λ₯Ό 선택, κ°œλ°œν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움이 될 것이닀.A saturable absorber is an important optical component where its role is to generate short pulses in applications such as passive mode locking and Q-switching of lasers. Carbon nanotubes with an optical characteristic similar to saturable absorber can be applied to various fields by taking an advantage of simple and low cost in fabricating a saturable absorber with carbon nanotubes. Unlike the conventional methods like spray and spin-coating to simply form a film on a substrate, a printing method introduced in this paper can facilitate to control the thickness and density of thin film consisting of carbon nanotubes. This enables to increase uniformity of carbon nanotubes, and it will significantly enhance the quality consistency in developing of commercialized devices using carbon nanotubes saturable absorber. Moreover, a printing method can be applied on multiple substances: graphene, and so on. Further application on waveguide based on pattern-forming printing method is another merit. Therefore, a saturable absorber based on carbon nanotubes printed on the side-polished optical fiber was firstly developed and analyzed. After configuration of passively mode-locked fiber laser for both saturable absorber alone and with carbon nanotubes, We could confirm that there was no substantial difference in output characteristics. Carbon nanotubes can alter its characteristic between metallic and semiconducting by selecting molecule chirality. As a final step, the characteristics of the carbon nanotubes saturable absorber was analyzed by differing the thicknesses of metallic and semiconducting samples to observe the change in saturable adsorption, and the results from this experiment impacted on the adsorption wavelength of carbon nanotubes. These results are expected to improve carbon nanotubes saturable absorber in the appropriate range of pulse laser wavelength for producing passive mode locking laser.초둝 β…° λͺ©μ°¨ β…² κ·Έλ¦Ό λͺ©μ°¨ β…΄ ν‘œ λͺ©μ°¨ β…· 제 1 μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 1 제 2 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ  4 제 3 절 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ ꡬ성 5 제 2 μž₯ 배경이둠 6 제 1 절 λ ˆμ΄μ € 6 1. λ ˆμ΄μ € 6 2. λͺ¨λ“œ 잠금 λ ˆμ΄μ € 11 제 2 절 κ΄‘μ„¬μœ  15 1. κ΄‘μ„¬μœ  λ ˆμ΄μ € 15 2. μΈ‘λ©΄ μ—°λ§ˆ κ΄‘μ„¬μœ  17 제 3 절 포화성 흑수체 20 제 4 절 νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒ 22 제 5 절 μž‰ν¬μ ― ν”„λ¦°νŒ… 방식 26 제 3 μž₯ μ‹€ν—˜κ³Όμ • 및 κ²°κ³Ό 29 제 1 절 μΈ‘λ©΄ μ—°λ§ˆ κ΄‘μ„¬μœ  μ œμž‘ 29 제 2 절 νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒ 포화성 흑수체 32 1. νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒ 포화성 흑수체 νŠΉμ„± 33 2. λͺ¨λ“œ 잠금 λ ˆμ΄μ €μ—μ„œ 포화성 흑수체 비ꡐ 35 제 3 절 νƒ„μ†Œ λ‚˜λ…ΈνŠœλΈŒ λΆ„μž λΉ„λŒ€μΉ­μ„± 41 1. λΆ„μž λΉ„λŒ€μΉ­μ„± 45 2. λ‘κ»˜ 47 제 4 μž₯ κ²°λ‘  49 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 51 Abstract 56Maste

    A normative study of the Korean version of CERAD neuropsychological test battery[CERAD-K(N)] in elderly

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜ν•™κ³Ό,2001.Docto

    Novel energy recovery circuits for the AC-driving of capacitive load and application for full-bridge DC-DC converter

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :전기·컴퓨터곡학뢀,2003.Docto

    Pseudo-compressibility λ°©λ²•μ—μ„œ μ΄μƒμœ λ™ 해석을 μœ„ν•œ Level Set λ°©λ²•μ˜ 적용 = Level Set Method Applied On Pseudo-compressibility Method for the Analysis of Two-phase Flow

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    Level Set 방법을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 앑체와 기체의 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 상을 ν•¨κ»˜ ν•΄μ„ν•˜λŠ” 연ꡬλ₯Ό μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Level Set ν•¨μˆ˜λŠ” μƒμ˜ κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° λΆ€ν˜Έλ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” κ±°λ¦¬ν•¨μˆ˜λ‘œ μ •μ˜λ˜λ©°, 계산 κ²©μžμ—μ„œ ν•¨μˆ˜ κ°’μ˜ λΆ€ν˜Έμ— 따라 각 상을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜κ³  λ¬Όμ„±μΉ˜λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•œλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” λΉ„μ••μΆ•μ„± 유체의 보쑴식에 Level Set ν•¨μˆ˜μ˜ 이동식을 μ—°κ³„ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄μƒμœ λ™μ„ λͺ¨μ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 지배방정식을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이λ₯Ό pseudo-compressibility λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ν•¨κ»˜ ν’€μ—ˆλ‹€. 이 λ•Œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ— 적용이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ 일반 곑선 μ’Œν‘œκ³„μ—μ„œ 식을 μœ λ„ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ„ μœ„ν•œ 행렬식듀을 ν•¨κ»˜ μœ λ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 개발된 해석 μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό ν‘œλ©΄μž₯λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ” 기포 동역학 λ¬Έμ œμ™€ μˆ˜μ€‘μ΅μ— μ˜ν•œ νŒŒλ„ λ°œμƒ λ¬Έμ œμ— μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ νƒ€λ‹Ήν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. = In order to analyze incompressible two-phase flow, Level Set method was applied on pseudo-compressibility formulation. Level Set function is defined as a signed distance function from the phase interface, and gives the information of the each phase location and the geometric data to the flow. In this study, Level Set function transport equation was coupled with flow conservation equations, and owing to pseudo-compressibility technique we could solve the resultant vector equation iteratively. Two-phase flow analysis code was developed on general curvilinear coordinate, and numerical tests of bubble dynamics and surging wave problems demonstrate its capability successfully.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν•œκ΅­ν•΄μ–‘μ—°κ΅¬μ›μ˜ '이어도 μ’…ν•©ν•΄μ–‘κ³Όν•™κΈ°μ§€ν™œμš©μ—°κ΅¬(KORDI PE29200)' μ‚¬μ—…μ˜ μ§€μ›μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμŒ
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