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    NSG-2 ์œ ์ „์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ DSS ์œ ๋„ ์žฅ์—ผ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ๊ณ ์„ฑ์ค€.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation, remains challenging to treat. It is the result of abnormal immune responses to host gut microbes.[1] Recently abnormalities of the nervous system, communicating with the immune system and gut microbiota, have been associated with IBD.[2,3] Neuron-specific gene 2 (Nsg-2) encodes alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor regulating excitatory neuron, which might be associated with colitis.[4] However, the role of Nsg-2 in colitis has yet to be well known. Using a murine colitis model, we studied its role and underlying mechanism in intestinal inflammation. Abscence of Nsg-2 attenuated Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and colonic CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration. Nevertheless, amelioration of colitis in Nsg-2 deficient mice did not disappear after cohousing with wild-type mice. The role of Nsg-2 in colitis-associated colon cancer induced by Azoxymethane (AOM) and DSS was also evaluated. Suppresion of Nsg-2 decreased the number and size of tumors, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-related kinases (pIKK) and ฮฒ-catenin signaling compared to wild-type. However, there is no difference in immune cells in colon tissues between Nsg-2 KO mice and wild-type mice. Nsg-2 gene expression was also increased more in the colon tissue of UC patients than in healthy control subjects. Thus Nsg-2 can be a mediator in intestinal acute and chronic inflammation, bridging between the immune systems and nervous systems. It is a potential novel therapeutic target for IBD.๋งŒ์„ฑ ์žฅ๊ด€๋‚ด ์—ผ์ฆ์„ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•ฝ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜์€ ์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ƒ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Nsg-2๋Š” ์žฅ์—ผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ AMPA ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ Nsg-2์˜ ์žฅ์—ผ์—์„œ ์—ญํ• ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์—ผ ์ƒ์ฅ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Nsg-2์˜ ์žฅ์—ผ์—์„œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € Nsg-2 ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ DSS์— ์˜ํ•œ ์žฅ์—ผ์€ ํ˜ธ์ „๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  CD4+ T ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์žฅ๊ด€ ๋‚ด ์นจ์œค๋„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Cohousing์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์žฅ๊ด€๋‚ด ์—ผ์ฆ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•”์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋˜ํ•œ Nsg-2 ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–ต์ œ์‹œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  pIKK ๋ฐ beta-catenin๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์žฅ๊ด€๋‚ด ๋ฉด์—ญ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์–‘ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ธ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ถค์–‘์„ฑ ๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ Nsg-2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Nsg-2 ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๊ด€๋‚ด ์—ผ์ฆ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค.ABSTRACT 1 CONTENTS 3 LIST OF FIGURES 4 INTRODUCTION 5 MATERIALS AND METHODS 7 RESULTS 12 DISCUSSION 25 REFERENCE 29 ABSTRACTION IN KOREAN 33์„

    (The) comparison between 2 wide implants and 3 regular implants in mandibular posterior area.

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ณจ์œ ์ฐฉ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ๋Š” 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์™„์ „/๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌด์น˜์•… ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™„์ „ ๋ฌด์น˜์•… ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณจ์œ ์ฐฉ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณจ์œ ์ฐฉ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ฌด์น˜์•… ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์žฌ๊ฑด์— ๋ณดํŽธ์  ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•˜์•… ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ์น˜์•„์ƒ์‹ค์‹œ์— 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ ์ˆ˜๋ณต์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ•˜์•… ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜ ๋ถ€ ์ƒ์‹ค์‹œ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ 3๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ ์‹๋ฆฝ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•˜์•… ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹๋ฆฝ๋œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ์™€ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ 1-4๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์กด์œจ๊ณผ ๋ณ€์—ฐ๊ณจ์†Œ์‹ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํŒจ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ๋Š” 94.5%, ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ๋Š” 97.6%์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณด์ฒ ๋ฌผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•œ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ์€ ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ๊ฐ€ 100%, ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ๊ฐ€ 98.1%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2. 5๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ 2๊ฐœ์™€ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ 1๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ณจ์œ ์ฐฉ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ 1๊ฐœ๋Š” 1์ฐจ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹œ์˜ ๊ณผ์—ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋†์–‘ ํ˜•์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ 1๊ฐœ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณจ์†Œ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ณด์ฒ ๋ฌผ ์žฅ์ฐฉ 1๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ๋ณด์ฒ ๋ฌผ ์žฅ์ฐฉ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ์—์„œ 1๋…„ํ›„ 1.81mm, 2๋…„ํ›„ 1.79mm, 3๋…„ํ›„ 1.85mm์˜ ๋ณ€์—ฐ๊ณจ์†Œ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ์—์„œ 1๋…„ํ›„ 1.82mm, 2๋…„ํ›„ 1.85mm 3๋…„ํ›„ 1.91mm์˜ ๋ณ€์—ฐ๊ณจ์†Œ์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ์™€ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ๋ณ€์—ฐ๊ณจ์†Œ์‹ค๋Ÿ‰ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค(P>.05). ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•˜์•… ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์† ์ˆ˜๋ณต์— 3๊ฐœ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ ์‹๋ฆฝ์€ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์žฅํญ๊ฒฝ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ ์‹๋ฆฝ์€ ์ž„ํ”„๋ž€ํŠธ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์š”์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Osseointegrated implants have been established as the standard treatment modality for full/partial edentulous patients since the 1960''s, and the long term results for full edentulous patients have proven to be successful. Based on these results osseointegrated implants are now widely used for partial edentulous patients. There has been an increased interest towards the efficacy of wide implants, despite many reports mentioning the lower success rate of wide implants compared to regular implants. Recently, mandibular molar area defects are commonly restored using 2 wide implants, but it is not determined whether which treatment modality-3 regular implants or 2 wide implants-shows superior success rate. In this study, 2 wide implants and 3 regular implants used for the restoration of mandibular molar area are used to compare the survival rate of 1-4 years, and to analyze and compare the failure factors. The following conclusions could be drawn from this study. 1. Wide implants and regular implants showed 94.5% and 97,6% of survival rate respectively. After prosthodontic work, the survival rate was 100% and 98.1% for wide implants and regular implants respectively. 2. 5 failed implants have been removed. 2 wide implants and 1 regular implant have been removed due to failure of osseointegration, 1 wide implant was removed due to abscess formation caused by over-heating, and 1 regular implant was removed due to mechanical failure caused by over-loading within the first year of function. 3. No statistically significant difference was observed with respect to the amount of marginal bone loss of wide and regular implants.(P>0.05) In conclusion, restoration of the mandibular molar area using 3 regular implants was found to be a good treatment modality, and 2 wide implants could be considered a good treatment modality when success factors are taken into account.ope

    ์„ฑ์ธ์„ฑ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†”

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    Dept. of Dental Science/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์นซ์†”์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์น˜ํƒœ์กฐ์ ˆ์€ ์น˜์ฃผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†”(Sonicare๏ผŸ Elite toothbrush)์€ ์ดˆ๋‹น 520ํšŒ์˜ ์ง„๋™์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ง„๋™์€ ์น˜ํƒœ์ œ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์•ก์ฒด์— ์™€๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์™€๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ํž˜์€ ์นซ์†”๋ชจ์—์„œ 2-3mm๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์น˜์•„ํ‘œ๋ฉด๊นŒ์ง€ ์น˜ํƒœ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ 12์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์ธ์„ฑ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž„์ƒ์ง€์ˆ˜, Interleukin-1, MMP-8, ์น˜์ฃผ๋ณ‘์ธ๊ท ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค.12์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ์ผ ๋งน๊ฒ€๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 25-55์„ธ์˜ 82๋ช…์ด ์‹คํ—˜๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜ํƒœ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 0.5์ด์ƒ, ์น˜์€์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 1.0์ด์ƒ์ธ ์„ฑ์ธ์„ฑ ์น˜์ฃผ์—ผ ํ™˜์ž๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†”๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์นซ์†”์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต๋ฒ•์˜ ์นซ์†”์งˆ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜ํƒœ์ง€์ˆ˜, ์น˜์€์ง€์ˆ˜, ํƒ์นจ์‹œ ์ถœํ˜ˆ์œจ, ์น˜์ฃผ๋‚ญ ๊นŠ์ด, ์น˜์ฃผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ ์†Œ์‹ค์€ 0์ฃผ, 1์ฃผ, 4์ฃผ, 12์ฃผ์— ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Interleukin-1, MMP-8์˜ ์น˜์€์—ด๊ตฌ์•ก ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์ฑ„์ทจ์™€ 4์ข…์˜ ์น˜์ฃผ๋ณ‘์ธ๊ท (Actinomyces viscosus(AV), Porphyromonas gingivalis(PG), Streptococcus sanguis(SS), Tannerela forsythensis(TF))์˜ 16S r DNA ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์น˜์€์—ฐํ•˜์น˜ํƒœ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋Š” 0์ฃผ, 1์ฃผ, 12์ฃผ์— ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†”๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์นซ์†”๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž„์ƒ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์น˜ํƒœ์ง€์ˆ˜์™€ ์น˜์€์ง€์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†”๊ตฐ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์นซ์†”๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(P<0.001). ํƒ์นจ์‹œ ์ถœํ˜ˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์œจ์€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†”๊ตฐ์ด 76.73%๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์นซ์†”๊ตฐ 44.57%๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์น˜์ฃผ๋‚ญ ๊นŠ์ด๋Š” ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†”๊ตฐ์ด 18.55%, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์นซ์†”๊ตฐ์ด 16.94% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜์ฃผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ์†Œ์‹ค์€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†”๊ตฐ์ด 25.24%, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์นซ์†”๊ตฐ์ด 16.94%๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(p<0.001). Interleukin-1, MMP-8 ๋†๋„๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜์€์—ฐํ•˜์น˜ํƒœํ‘œ๋ณธ์˜ ์น˜์ฃผ๋ณ‘์ธ๊ท  AV, PG, TF์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์น˜์ฃผ๋ณ‘์ธ๊ท  SS๋Š” ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†”๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์นซ์†”๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ „๋™์นซ์†”์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์นซ์†”๋ณด๋‹ค ์น˜ํƒœ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์น˜์€ ์—ผ์ฆ ๊ฐ์†Œ์— ๋”์šฑ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Daily plaque removal with a toothbrush is an important component of most oral hygiene programs to prevent and treat periodontal diseases. The Sonicare๏ผŸ toothbrush utilizes solid-state electronics to create sonic-frequency bristle movement with 520 brush strokes per second. This rapid bristle movement, in addition to its scrubbing plaque-removing activity, creates dynamic activities in surrounding fluids. It has been suggested that these fluid forces lift and disperse plaque bacteria from tooth surfaces about 2-3 mm beyond the physical reach of the bristles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the sonic toothbrush duration of 12 weeks on the reduction of the clinical parameters, Interleukin-1, MMP-8 quantitatively and Periodontal Pathogens in moderate periodontitisA 12-week, single-blind clinical trial was employed. Eighty two subjects, ages 25-55 years, were selected. Subjects with plaque index (PI) of >0.5, gingival index (GI) of >1.0 were randomly assigned to use either the manual or the Sonicare๏ผŸ Elite toothbrush, instructed in its use, and asked to brush each morning and evening for 2 minutes. Plaque index, gingival index, percentage of sites which bled on probing, pocket depth, loss of attachment level, Interleukin-1, MMP-8 and four Periodontal Pathogens (Actinomyces viscosus(AV), Porphyromonas gingivalis(PG), Streptococcus sanguis(SS), Tannerela forsythensis(TF)) in a subgingival plaque sample from 16S rRNA test were assessed at baseline and 1, 12 weeks from the selected teeth. Plaque score and gingival inflammatory score (GI) were taken at baseline and 1, 4, 12weeks using Silness & l&ouml;e gingival index, L&ouml;e & Silness plaque index, respectively. Gingival bleeding was assessed by the bleeding tendency score, presence or absence of bleeding on probing (BOP).The results demonstrate that both the Sonicare๏ผŸ elite brush and manual brush were significantly reduced all of the clinical parameters. However, statistics indicated Sonicare๏ผŸ was more effective than the manual brush in plaque and gingival Index scores reduction, respectively (p <0.001). Reduction of BOP in the Sonicare๏ผŸ group (76.73%) was greater than manual group (44.57%). Reduction of Probing pocket depths compared to baseline were reduced in the Sonicare๏ผŸ group and the manual groups 18.55% and 14.81%, respectively. Clinical attachment level were significantly improved compared to baseline in the Sonicare๏ผŸ groups (25.24%) and the manual groups (16.94%) (p< 0.001). Concentration of IL-1ss and MMP-8 were decreased compared to baseline in both groups. AV, PG and TF in subgingival plaque samples did not show significantly decreased 12 weeks than the baseline both in sonicare๏ผŸ and manual groups. SS showed significantly decreased 12 weeks than the baseline in Sonicare๏ผŸ but were not significantly reduced than baseline in manual group.In conclusion, the tested Sonicare๏ผŸ toothbrush was more effective than the manual brush in removal plague and reduction of gingival inflammation.ope

    The Effect of Elementary School Students' National Identity on Global Citizenship

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์ผ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ „๊ณต), 2022. 8. ๋ชจ๊ฒฝํ™˜.The purpose of this study is to figure out how national identity of elementary school students can affect their global citizenship. By examining the relationship between students' national identity and global citizenship, this study can provide a practical way to set the direction of global citizenship education. For this purpose, this study set up two research questions: โ€˜Does the national identity of elementary school students affect global citizenship?' and โ€˜How does each factor of the national identity affects global citizenship?' The following hypotheses are set to solve these questions. Main Hypothesis: The national identity of elementary school students will affect global citizenship. Sub-Hypothesis 1: The civic national identity of elementary school students will have a positive effect on global citizenship. Sub-Hypothesis 2: The ethnic national identity of elementary school students will have a negative effect on global citizenship. Sub-Hypothesis 3: The constructive patriotism of elementary school students will have a positive effect on global citizenship. Sub-Hypothesis 4: The blind patriotism of elementary school students will have a negative effect on global citizenship. Sub-Hypothesis 5: The institutional national pride of elementary school students will have a positive effect on global citizenship. Sub-Hypothesis 6: The cultural national pride of elementary school students will have a negative effect on global citizenship. In this study, the national identity are classified into 3-dimensions and 6-types : national identity(ethnic/plural), patriotism(blind/constructive) and national pride(cultural/institutional). In an attempt to verify the research hypothesis, a survey was conducted on 329 elementary school students in the 4th-6th grade in Seoul. The results of analyzing the survey responses are as follows. First, the civic identity had a positive effect on global citizenship. And the ethnic identity had a negative effect on global citizenship. Second, both the constructive patriotism and the blind patriotism did not have a significant effect on all aspects of global citizenship. Third, the institutional pride had a positive effect on global citizenship and the cultural pride had partially had positive effect on the behavioral part of global citizenship. As a result, sub-hypothesis 1, 2, 5 were adopted. The following implications can be derived through this research. First, the results of this study suggest that it is important to consider the national identity of students as an important contents in global citizenship education. The civic identity had a positive(+) effect on global citizenship and the ethnic identity negatively(-) affected global citizenship. Especially, among the all factors, the civic identity had the greatest influence on all dimensions of global citizenship. In order to increase civic identity, first of all, it is necessary that students should be given an opportunity to check their national identity. For specific educational method, using global issues that cause conflicts between national identity and global citizenship can be effective way to identify students' national identity. In the process, students can broaden their way of thinking and respect various perspectives and values. Second, after civic identity, institutional national pride had a positive effect on all sub-areas of global citizenship. Therefore, it is important to help students build national pride based on a correct understanding of political, economic, and social systems of nation. To be specific, students' national pride as a citizen should be formed based on accurate information about democracy system, economic characteristics, and social welfare systems in Korea. Otherwise, students may misrecognize identity of the country and be confused. Therefore, it is necessary to examine whether the description of political, economic, and social systems of nation is accurately covered in the textbook and revise the incorrect contents to provide students with the accurate information for correct judgment on the national identity.์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜ยท๊ฒฝ์ œยท์‚ฌํšŒยท๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด์„ฑ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”, ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ถ„์Ÿ, ์ „์—ผ๋ณ‘ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „ ์ง€๊ตฌ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋„์ „ ๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฏผ์— ๋”ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋ฏผ์  ์ž์งˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์‹ฌํ™”๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋‹จ์œ„๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ, ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ, ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์˜์‹์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด ์—†์ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐํ™”์™€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ๋“ค ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์ง์ ‘์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์„ค์ •์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, โ€˜์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€™, ๋‘˜์งธ, โ€˜์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ ์š”์ธ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€™๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ ๊ฐ€์„ค : ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„๊ฐ€์„ค 1 : ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„๊ฐ€์„ค 2 : ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ข…์กฑ์  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„๊ฐ€์„ค 3 : ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์  ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„๊ฐ€์„ค 4 : ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋งน๋ชฉ์  ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„๊ฐ€์„ค 5 : ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„๊ฐ€์„ค 6 : ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ(์ข…์กฑํ˜•/์‹œ๋ฏผํ˜•), ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ(๋งน๋ชฉ์ /๊ฑด์„ค์ ), ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์  ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ(๋ฌธํ™”์ /์ œ๋„์ )์˜ 3์ฐจ์› 6์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ์šธ ์ง€์—ญ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ์žฌํ•™ ์ค‘์ธ 4-6ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 329๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ ์‘๋‹ต์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ , ์ข…์กฑ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์  ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋งน๋ชฉ์  ์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์  ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ ์ค‘ ์ œ๋„์  ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๊ณ , ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ํ–‰๋™์  ์˜์—ญ์—๋งŒ ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์ข…์กฑ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ์‹œ๋ฏผ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ œ๋„์  ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ธ ์ค‘ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ์›์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•จ์–‘์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฏผ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๋ฌธ์ œ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ œ๋„์  ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ์ด์–ด ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜์—ญ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์น˜, ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์  ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ž๊ธ์‹ฌ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด์žฅ ์ œ๋„ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์‹œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜๋ชป ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์„œ์ˆ  ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 4 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 7 1. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ 7 1) ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ์˜์—ญ 7 2) ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 11 2. ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก 13 1) ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋… 13 2) ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 18 3. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ 25 1) ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ 25 2) ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ 26 3) ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ 29 4. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  31 1) ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 31 2) ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 33 3) ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 35 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ค๊ณ„ 39 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค 39 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณ€์ธ 40 1) ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ธ 40 2) ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ธ 40 3) ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ธ 41 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 41 1) ์ธก์ • ๋„๊ตฌ 41 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 44 3) ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 47 โ…ฃ. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 49 1. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 49 1) ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ 49 2) ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ 52 2. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 54 1) ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 54 2) ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 55 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  60 1. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 60 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 65 1) ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 65 2) ์ด๋ก ์  ์ œ์–ธ 68 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 71 ๋ถ€๋ก 77 Abstract 84์„
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