16 research outputs found

    Detection of Antibodies to PPD and Lipoarabinomannan-B Antigens in Sera from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[์˜๋ฌธ] [ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ฒฐํ•ต์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”ํ•œ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ BCG์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ญ๊ฒฐํ•ต ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‚ด์–ด ์ „์—ผ์›์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ต ํ‡ด์น˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋žต์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์‹ ์† ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์–ด ํ˜ˆ์ฒญํ•™์  ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PPDํ•ญํ›ค๊ณผlipoara binomannan-B(LAM-B)ํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ฒฐํ•ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์—์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ํ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ 83๋ช…, ์‹ ์ดŒ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค๋ณ‘์›์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„์ž ์ค‘ ๊ฒฐ ํ•ต์œผ๋กœ 9๊ฐœ์›”์ด์ƒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ์ง€ 1๋…„์ด์ƒ์ด๋˜๋ฉฐ ํฅ๋ถ€ X์„ ์ƒ ํ™œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋น„ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ํ๊ฒฐํ•ต ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 75๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ต๋ณ‘๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ •์ƒ ํ‰๋ถ€ X์„  ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ์ •์ƒ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 210๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ PPDํ•ญ์› ๋ฐ LAM-Bํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ IgGํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€(0.D.)๋ฅผ ์ธก ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ์˜ PPDํ•ญ์› ๋ฐ LAM-Bํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด ์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 68.7% ๋ฐ 83.1%์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠน์ด์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 94.8% ๋ฐ 57.1%์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€(0.D.)๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.636ยฑ0. 565 ๋ฐ 0.846ยฑ0.599๋กœ ์ •์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋น„ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(P๏ผœ0.05). 2. ์ •์ƒ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ PPDํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋Š” 10๋Œ€์™€ 20๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, LAM- Bํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋Š” 40๋Œ€์™€ 50๋Œ€์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 3. ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ํ‰๋ถ€ X์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์ž„์ƒ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ PPDํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ  ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ 28.6%, ๊ฒฝ์ค‘์ฆ 87.2% ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ฆ 93.8%์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, LAM-Bํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 57.1%, 9 7.4% ๋ฐ 93.8%์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ ์ž„์ƒ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ PPDํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.18 3ยฑ0.195, 0.824ยฑ0.550 ๋ฐ 0.974ยฑ0.599์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, LAM-Bํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.384ยฑ0.55 9, 1.110ยฑ0.540 ๋ฐ 1.009ยฑ0.593์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ž„์ƒ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฅต ํ•ญ์ฒด์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ  ๋ฐ ํ‰๊ท  ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(P๏ผœ0.05). 4. ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๊ฐ๋‹ด์˜ ๋„๋ง ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ท ์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ PPDํ•ญ์› ๋ฐ LA M-Bํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 82,3% ๋ฐ 91.9%๋กœ, ํ‰๊ท  ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.752ยฑ0.552 ๋ฐ 0.977ยฑ0.574๋กœ ๊ท ์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(p๏ผœ0.01). 5. ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์žฌ๋ฐœํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ PPDํ•ญ์›๊ณผ LAM-Bํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด์–‘์„ฑ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ88.6%๋ฐ 95.5%๋กœ, ํ‰๊ท ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.826ยฑ0.550 ๋ฐ 1.106ยฑ0.555๋กœ ์‹ ํ™˜์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ  ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(p๏ผœ0.01). 6. ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ™˜์ž์—์„œ PPDํ•ญ์›๊ณผ LAM-Bํ•ญ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„(r=0.62, p๏ผœD.001)๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ํ•ญ์›๊ฐ„์˜ ์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ์Œ์„ฑ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ผ์น˜๋„๋Š” 75.9%์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ํ‰๋ถ€ X์„ ์ƒ ๊ฒฝ์ฆ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ์‹ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋Š” PPD๋ฐ LAM-Bํ•ญ์› ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง„๋‹จ ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, PPDํ•ญ์›์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„ํ™œ๋™์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ•ต ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ™œ๋™ ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐํ•ตํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. Detection of Antibodies to PPD and Lipoarabinomannan-B Antigens in Sera from Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Mi Kyung OH Department of Medical Science The Graduate School, Yousei University (Directed by professor Joo Deuk Kim, M.D., Ph.D.) Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is one of the most frequently reported diseases from all over the world. Despite the BCG vaccination and sucessful chemotherapeutic regimens, the prevalence and incidence of M.tuberculosis infection have not declined significantly last several decades. Another strategy to control tuberculosis is early detection of M.tuberculosis infection followed by chemotherapy. One of the early diagnostic methods of tuberculosis would be to employ immunological tools such as tuberculin test and serology. As an effort to explore the serodiagnostic tools for tuberculosis, this study was initiated to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) to detect antibodies to PPD and lipoarabinomannan-B (LAM-B) antigens in sera from tuberculosis patients. Serum specimens were obtained from 83 active pulmonary tuberculosis patients, 75 inactive patients and 210 normal healthy controls and examined the presence of IgG antibodies to the antigens by ELISA. The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1. The prevalence of antibodies to PPD among active tuberculosis patients was 63.7% and was significantly higher than that among inactive tuberculosis patients(16.7%) and normal healthy controls(5.2%) (p๏ผœ0.05). The mean absorbance and s.d. to PPD was 0.636ยฑ0.565 and was also significantly higher than that among inactive patients(0.117ยฑ0.100) and normal healthy controls (0.075ยฑ0.100) (p๏ผœ0.05). 2. The prevalence of antibodies to LAM-B among active patients was 83.1% and was significantly higher than that among inactive patients(69.3%) and controls(42.9%) (p๏ผœ0.05). The mean absorbance and s.d. to LAM-B antigen was 0.846ยฑ0.599 and also significantly higher than that among inactive patients(0.477ยฑ0.329) and controls(0.289ยฑ0.373) (P๏ผœ0.75). 3. The prevalance and mean absorbance to PPD were higher among normal healthy controls with ages between 11 and 30. In contrast, those to LAM-B were higher among controls with ages over 40. 4. Among active tuberculosis patients, the prevalance of antibodies to PPD and LAM-B were 87.2% and 92.4% in the moderately advanced patients, and 93.8% and 93.8% in the far advanced patients, respectively, and was significantly higher than 28.6% and 57.1% in the minimally affected patients. Likewise, the mean absorbances to PPD and LAM-B antigens were also significantly greater in the moderately and far advanced patients than those in the minimally affected patients (p๏ผœ0.05). 5. The prevalence of antibodies to PPD and LAM-B antigens were 82.3% and 91.9%, respectively, among tuberculosis patients with sputum AFB smear and/or culture positive significantly higher than 21.6% and 57.1% among the sputum AFB negative(p๏ผœ0.01). 6. The prevalence of antibodies to PPD and LAM-B antigens were 82.3% and 91.9%, in relapsed patients and were significantly higher than 46.2% and 69.2% among the newly-diagnosed(p๏ผœ0.01). 7. There was a strong correlation(r=0.62, p๏ผœ0.001) between absorbances by PPD and LAM-B, and the agreement rate was 78.9% between the two antigens in determining seropositivity and seronegativity.restrictio

    (The) effects of long-term exercise on the changes of myocardial Oโ‚‚consumption and cardiac function by impedance cardiography

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ฒด๋ ฅํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ™œ๋™ ๊ทผ์œก์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šด๋™์ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ์žฅํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”, ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ, ์ผํšŒ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์ตœ๋Œ€์šด๋™์‹œ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์— ์—ฌ๋ ฅ(reserve power)์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ˆ์ •์‹œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šด๋™์ค‘ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šด๋™์ค‘์— ํ”ผ๊ฒ€์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„๊ด€ํ˜ˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ‰๊ณฝ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜์—ฌ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํŒŒ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋น„๊ด€ํ˜ˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฒ•(impedance cardiography)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์šด๋™์ค‘ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์ด๋™, ํ˜ธํก, ๋ชธ์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ motion artifact๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ ํŒŒํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ „๊ทน์ด ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ensemble average technique์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์šด๋™์ค‘์—๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ๊ทผ์€ ์•ˆ์ •์‹œ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ถ”์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์šด๋™์ค‘ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณง ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์šด๋™์ค‘์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ๊ณฑ์ธ RPP(rate-pressure product)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๋ช…๋œ ๋ฐ”์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธก์ •์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, RPP๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ฒด๋ ฅํ›ˆ๋ จ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ทผ์‚ฐ์†Œ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์‹ฌํ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ค‘์žฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ergometer ์šด๋™์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜, ํ˜ˆ์••, ์‚ฐ์†Œ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰, RPP, ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์šด๋™์ „, ์šด๋™์ค‘ 18๋ถ„๊ฐ„,์šด๋™ํ›„ 6๋ถ„๊ฐ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋™์ค‘์— ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋น„์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด๋‚˜ ํ™•์žฅ๊ธฐ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3. RPP๋Š” ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋น„์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šด๋™์ค‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. 4. ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์ด ์šด๋™์ค‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์™€ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์—ญ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์ผ๋•Œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ธด ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 5. ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋žต ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šด๋™์ค‘ 18๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋น„์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šด๋™ 15๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํ›„ ์šด๋™ 18๋ถ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 6. ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์€ RPP๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ™์€ RPP์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 7. ์šด๋™๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ RPP์™€ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„, RPP์™€ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์˜๋„ ๊ฒ€์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์–‘๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์ฒด๋ ฅ์„ ๋‹จ๋ จํ•œ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์ด ๋น„์„ ์ˆ˜๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํšจ๋ฅ ์ ์ธ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์šด๋™๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์‹ฌ๊ทผ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜, ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์–‘๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์šด๋™์ค‘์— ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ขŒ์‹ฌ์‹ค ๊ตฌํ˜ˆ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฐ•์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์šด๋™์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก , ์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. The effect of long-term exercise on the changes of myocardial 0^^2 consumption and cardiac function by impedance cardiography Mi Kyung Oh Department of Medical Science, The Graduate School Yonsei University (Directed by Assistant Professor Soo Kwan Hwang) Impedance cardiography has been used to measure stroke volume and left ventricular ejection time since 1960's and the measuring technique have been improved to use during exercise. However, the old technique made impedance recording unreadable due to motion artifacts during exercise. Recently, ensemble averaging technique with elastic meshed brass band was applied to it for eliminating motion artifact during exercise. Then, it was used to compare the cardiac function between athletes and nonathletes during bicycle ergometer exercise. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Heart rate of the athletes was significantly lower during exercise and more rapidly recovered after exercise than that of the non-athletes. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the athletes was lower than those 7f the non-athletes. 2) Rate-pressure product(RPP) showing myocardial 0^^2, consumption of the athletes was significantly lower than that of the non-athletes. 3) Left ventricular ejection time(LVET) of the athletes was significantly longer than that of the non-athletes. LVET was significantly inversely related to heart rate in bath groups and at the same heart rate, LVET of the athletes was more longer than that of the non-athletes. 4) Cardiac index(Cl) of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes. While Cl of the athletes was continuously increased up to 18 minutes during exercise, that of the non-athletes was increased 7p to 15 minutes and then decreased at 18 minutes. 5) At the same LVET and RPP, Cl of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athlethes. 6) On correlations between LVET and RPP, RPP and Cl, LVET and Cl during exercise, there was no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes. From these results above, it is concluded that the cardiac function of the athletes is superior to that of the non-athletes by comparing all the parameters. This newly improved impedance cardiography was able to measure LVET and cardiac index, noninvasively, and is expected to contribute to the study for evaluating the cardiac function of the athletes during exercise as well as that of the patients in cardiac problems. [์˜๋ฌธ] Impedance cardiography has been used to measure stroke volume and left ventricular ejection time since 1960's and the measuring technique have been improved to use during exercise. However, the old technique made impedance recording unreadable due to motion artifacts during exercise. Recently, ensemble averaging technique with elastic meshed brass band was applied to it for eliminating motion artifact during exercise. Then, it was used to compare the cardiac function between athletes and nonathletes during bicycle ergometer exercise. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Heart rate of the athletes was significantly lower during exercise and more rapidly recovered after exercise than that of the non-athletes. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the athletes was lower than those 7f the non-athletes. 2) Rate-pressure product(RPP) showing myocardial 0^^2, consumption of the athletes was significantly lower than that of the non-athletes. 3) Left ventricular ejection time(LVET) of the athletes was significantly longer than that of the non-athletes. LVET was significantly inversely related to heart rate in bath groups and at the same heart rate, LVET of the athletes was more longer than that of the non-athletes. 4) Cardiac index(Cl) of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes. While Cl of the athletes was continuously increased up to 18 minutes during exercise, that of the non-athletes was increased 7p to 15 minutes and then decreased at 18 minutes. 5) At the same LVET and RPP, Cl of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athlethes. 6) On correlations between LVET and RPP, RPP and Cl, LVET and Cl during exercise, there was no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes. From these results above, it is concluded that the cardiac function of the athletes is superior to that of the non-athletes by comparing all the parameters. This newly improved impedance cardiography was able to measure LVET and cardiac index, noninvasively, and is expected to contribute to the study for evaluating the cardiac function of the athletes during exercise as well as that of the patients in cardiac problems.restrictio

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ์ •๋ณด๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ์ฒœ์ •ํฌ.์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ •๋ณด์ €์žฅ๋งค์ฒด์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „์ž์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์˜ ํ–‰์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ์„œ, ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ €์žฅ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ฑํŒจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฒ•์›์€, ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ˜์˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์ž์ •๋ณด์— ํ•œํ•˜์—ฌ ์••์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ €์žฅ๋งค์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์ž์ •๋ณด๋งŒ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•œ ํ›„ ์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ๋งŒ ์ถœ๋ ฅ?๋ณต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์••์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋˜, ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋งค์ฒด ์ž์ฒด๋‚˜ ๋งค์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ •๋ณด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์••์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ ๋ณ„๋˜์–ด ์••์ˆ˜๋œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ํ‚ค์›Œ๋“œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ํŒŒ์ผ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๋‹จํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•ˆํ‹ฐํฌ๋ Œ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ•  ๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ, ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์žฌํŒ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์Ÿ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณตํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์•”ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ‰๋ฌธ์„ ์•Œ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‹ค. ์••์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์ธ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค์ฒด ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ „์ž์ •๋ณด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰์‹œ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋˜, ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ž„์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ํ”ผ์••์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋ด‰์ธ๋œ ํŒŒ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ํ›„ ๋ณตํ˜ธํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ณตํ˜ธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง๋ถ™์—ฌ ํ”ผ์••์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ค์–ด ๋งค์ฒด ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „์ž์ •๋ณด๋“ค๋งŒ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋•Œ ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ž์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํ”ผ์••์ˆ˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํŒŒ์ผ ์ •๋„์— ๊ทธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™”ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ €์žฅ ์žฅ์น˜๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ์žฅ๋น„ ๋น„์šฉ๋„ ๋Œ€ํญ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ”ผ์••์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ถŒ์„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ†ต์ƒ์˜ ์œ ์ฒด๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰์€ ํ”ผ์••์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€๊ณผ ์ž์œ  ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ์••์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜•์‚ฌ์†Œ์†ก์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ฒด์  ์ง„์‹ค ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์˜์žฅ์ฃผ์˜, ์ ๋ฒ•์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ์›์น™, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Digital data storage medium connected to digital devices record large amount of digital information that users store themselves or generated by computer. Digital information is useful for tracking the users behavior or thoughts. Therefore, it is important to obtain the storage medium used by the suspects and analyze digital evidence in depth during the investigation. But the Supreme Court clarified that investigative agencies, in principle, could seize only electronic information pertaining to the facts of suspicion. Storage medium is exceptionally subject to search and seizure in the event that the above execution is impossible. The relevant electronic information selected according to these principles is fragmentary, so it is difficult to find meaningful evidence on its own. The selected evidence is powerless against anti-forensic. In addition, it is almost impossible to find additional evidence of changes in issues in the process of investigation and criminal trial. To solve these problems, I am going to propose a procedure for search and seizure using the Homomorphic Encryption. Homomorphic Encryption enables any operation on computers with encrypted data without decryption. As a result, it is effective in preserving private information when digital information is processed using Homomorphic Encryption. First, the range of relevant digital evidence should be determined based on the storage medium and all digital information in the storage medium should be confiscated for in-depth analysis. Next, the acquired digital information is encrypted using Homomorphic Encryption algorithm. Investigators will then have no random access to encrypted digital evidence. They are given the secret key to decrypt the evidence after identifying the existence of additional data they want to find in the encrypted evidence through the search operation. In addition, the size of the encrypted evidence can be reduced by extracting and encrypting relatively less relevant digital information within the storage midium, referring to the opinion of the owner or manager of the seized evidence when the right to participate is guaranteed. This will reduce the cost of storing and computing encrypted evidence, thereby, this would increase the possibility of actual implementation of this measures. In conclusion, using Homomorphic Encryption in procedure for search and seizure of digital evidence may contribute to protection of individuals rights by minimizing personal information leakage in addition to the discovering the actual truth due to abundant evidence.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 2 โ…ก. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  3 1. ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ • 3 2. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ํƒœ๋„ 6 3. ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ํŒ๋ก€์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 8 4. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์„ ๋ณ„ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋ชจ์Šต 9 5. ์„ ๋ณ„ ์••์ˆ˜?์ˆ˜์ƒ‰์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  15 ๊ฐ€. ์•ˆํ‹ฐํฌ๋ Œ์‹์— ๋ฌด๋ ฅ 15 ๋‚˜. ์Ÿ์ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ 18 ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 20 โ…ข. ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฐฉ์•ˆ 20 1. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ 20 2. ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ 23 ๊ฐ€. ์ฐฉ์•ˆ์  23 ๋‚˜. ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 24 ๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ํ™•๋ณด์‹œ ์™„์ „๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 26 โ…ฃ. ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ฆ๊ฑฐํ™•๋ณด๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ œ์•ˆ 27 1. ์ €์žฅ๋งค์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ •๋ณด ์ „์ฒด ๋ณด์ „ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 27 ๊ฐ€. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์••์ˆ˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ 27 ๋‚˜. ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์ธ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„ 29 ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ์ธ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋งค์ฒด ๋‚ด ์ •๋ณด ์ „์ฒด ํ™•๋ณด 31 2. ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™” 34 3. ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™” ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ „์ž์ •๋ณด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ 36 ๊ฐ€. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ „์ž์ •๋ณด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 36 ๋‚˜. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ •๋ณด ์••์ˆ˜์‹œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 37 ๋‹ค. ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „์ž์ •๋ณด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ 38 4. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ „์ž์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™ํ˜•์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์•”ํ˜ธํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ณตํ˜ธํ™” ๊ณผ์ • 40 ๊ฐ€. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ตฌ์ƒ 40 ๋‚˜. ๋น„๋ฐ€ํ‚ค ์ƒ์„ฑ?๋ณด๊ด€ ์ฃผ์ฒด์™€ ๋ณตํ˜ธํ™” ์ ˆ์ฐจ 40 5. ์‹ค๋ฌด ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  43 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  45Maste
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