21 research outputs found

    Clinical Manifestation of Human Metapneumovirus Infection in Korean Children

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    Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, epidemiology and the clinical manifestation of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection in Korean children. Methods : From February 2010 to January 2012, we collected nasopharyngeal aspiration from 1,554 children who were hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infections at the Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital. hMPV was detected by performing reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The medical records of the patients with positive results were retrospectively reviewed. Results : We detected hMPV in 99 of the 1,554 hospitalized children. The mean age of the hMPV infected children was 25 months, and 87% of the illnesses occurred between April and June. The most common diagnoses were pneumonia (73%) and bronchiolitis (16%). The clinical manifestations included cough, fever, respiratory distress, hoarseness, tachypnea, and wheezing. Coinfection with other respiratory viruses was found in 43 children (43%). Conclusion : hMPV is one of the major virus causing acute respiratory tract infection in the age between 13 months and 48 months old with peaks during April to June. Reports of hMPV in Korea has been increasing but additional studies are required to define the epidemiology and the extent of disease caused by hMPV to determine future development of this illness in Korean children.ope

    Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and risks of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination survey 2008-2010

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    PURPOSE: Previous studies have revealed many inconsistent results regarding the relationship between vitamin D and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and factors that characterize metabolic syndrome in Korean children and adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed data from 2,880 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years collected from the 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We investigated the data according to quartiles of 25(OH)D concentrations. RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure with adjustment for sex and age differed significantly between the serum 25(OH)D groups and exhibited negative trend as 25(OH)D concentrations increased. The number of subjects with metabolic syndrome was greater in the low 25(OH)D groups (I, II, and III quartile) than in the high 25(OH)D group (IV quartile) (P=0.029). BMI and waist circumference were lower in the high 25(OH)D group. Serum 25(OH)D concentration correlated negatively with homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin resistance (ρ=-0.073, P<0.001) and correlated positively with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (ρ=0.095, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Low serum 25(OH)D level is associated with an increase of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.ope

    Etiologies and characteristics of children with chief complaint of short stature

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    PURPOSE: Short stature is a very common reason for visits to pediatric endocrine clinics. It could be the first sign of an underlying disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the etiologies and general characteristics of subjects who visited an outpatient clinic due to short stature. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3,371 patients who visited Severance Children's Hospital with the chief complaint of short stature from 2010 to 2012. Medical history, auxological data, and laboratory tests including bone age were collected and analyzed. Chromosome studies or combined pituitary function tests were performed if needed. RESULTS: Approximately 89.4% of the subjects with the chief complaint of short stature who visited the outpatient clinic were of normal height, and only 10.6% of subjects were identified as having short stature. Of the subject of short stature, 44.7% were classified as having normal variant short stature; that is, familial short stature (23.0%), constitutional delay in growth (17.7%), and mixed form (3.9%). Pathological short stature was found in 193 subjects (54.2%). Among pathological short stature, most common etiology was growth hormone deficiency (GHD) (38.9%). CONCLUSION: A majority of children had a normal height. Among children with short stature, pathological short stature and normal variants occupied a similar percentage. GHD was the most common cause of pathological short stature and found in about 20% of the children with short stature. In pathological short stature, the height, height velocity, and IGF-1 level were lower than in normal variants.ope

    Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 induces senescence by inhibiting telomerase activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells

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    Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) has been known to inhibit cell proliferation and exert tumor-suppressing effects depending on the cell type. In this study, we aimed to show that IGFBP-3 induces cellular senescence via suppression of the telomerase activity, thereby inhibiting MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation. We found that the induction of IGFBP-3 in MCF-7 cells enhanced the loss of cell viability. Flow cytometry revealed a higher percentage of non-cycling cells among IGFBP-3-expressing cells than among controls. IGFBP-3 induction also resulted in morphological alterations, such as a flattened cytoplasm and increased granularity, suggesting that IGFBP-3 induces a senescence-like phenotype. The percentage of IGFBP-3 expressing cells with senescence-associated Ξ²-galactosidase activity was 3.4 times higher than control cells. Telomeric repeat amplification and real-time PCR showed that IGFBP-3 decreased telomerase activity by reducing the levels of the RNA component (hTR) and catalytic protein component with reverse transcriptase activity (hTERT) of telomerase in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that IGFBP-3 is a negative regulator of MCF-7 breast cancer cell growth by inducing senescence through telomerase suppression. Β© 2023, The Author(s).ope

    Factors that predict a positive response on gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test for diagnosing central precocious puberty in girls

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    Purpose The rapid increase in the incidence of precocious puberty in Korea has clinical and social significance. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test is required to diagnose central precocious puberty (CPP), however this test is expensive and time-consuming. This study aimed to identify factors that can predict a positive response to the GnRH stimulation test. Methods Clinical and laboratory parameters, including basal serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2), were measured in 540 girls with clinical signs of CPP. Results Two hundred twenty-nine of 540 girls with suspected CPP had a peak serum LH level higher than 5 IU/L (the CPP group). The CPP group had advanced bone age (P<0.001), accelerated yearly growth rate (P<0.001), increased basal levels of LH (P=0.02), FSH (P<0.001), E2 (P=0.001), and insulin-like growth factor-I levels (P<0.001) compared to the non-CPP group. In contrast, body weight (P<0.001) and body mass index (P<0.001) were lower in the CPP group. Although basal LH was significantly elevated in the CPP group compared to the non-CPP group, there was considerable overlap between the 2 groups. Cutoff values of basal LH (0.22 IU/L) detected CPP with 87.8% sensitivity and 20.9% specificity. Conclusion No single parameter can predict a positive response on the GnRH stimulation test with both high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, multiple factors should be considered in evaluation of sexual precocity when deciding the timing of the GnRH stimulation test.ope

    An Empirical Study on the Determinants of Public Policy Types in Local Governments: Focused on the Local Governments By-laws

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν–‰μ •λŒ€ν•™μ› ν–‰μ •ν•™κ³Ό, 2018. 2. κΉ€μˆœμ€.μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ μ§€λ°©μ˜νšŒλŠ” 1991년에 μΆœλ²”ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 1995λ…„ μžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄μž₯ μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ μ „κ΅­λ™μ‹œμ§€λ°©μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό 톡해 λ―Όμ„  1κΈ° μ˜νšŒκ°€ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ―Όμ„  1κΈ° 이후 μ§€λ°©μžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄λŠ” 볡지정책과 μ§€μ—­κ°œλ°œμ •μ±… λ“± μ£Όλ―Όλ“€μ˜ 볡리에 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 각쒅 정책을 κ²°μ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ μ§€λ°©μžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ λ‚΄μš©μ˜ 정책결정이 이루어지며 μ‹œκΈ°λ³„λ‘œ μ–΄λ– ν•œ κ²½ν–₯성을 띠고 μžˆλŠ” 지 λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  정책결정에 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯μš”μΈμ€ 무엇인지 규λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. 연ꡬ λͺ©μ μ˜ 달성을 μœ„ν•΄ μ§€λ°©μžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ μ‘°λ‘€ μ œμ •μ„ 주민의 볡리와 κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ μ •μ±… μ˜μ‚¬κ²°μ •μœΌλ‘œ 보고 λ‹€μŒ μ„Έ 가지 사항을 κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 첫째 μ „κ΅­ 225개 κΈ°μ΄ˆμžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λ―Όμ„  1κΈ° 이후 μ œμ •λœ λͺ¨λ“  μ‘°λ‘€ λͺ©λ‘μ„ μž‘μ„±ν•œλ‹€. μ‘°λ‘€λŠ” Peterson(1981)의 μ„Έ 가지 μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•, 즉 κ°œλ°œμ •μ±…(Development Policy), μž¬λΆ„λ°°μ •μ±…(Redistribution Policy), ν• λ‹Ήμ •μ±…(Allocation Policy)에 지방정뢀 운영과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ 내뢀관리 정책을 μΆ”κ°€ν•˜μ—¬ λ„€ 가지 μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•œλ‹€. 그리고 μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•λ³„ μ‘°λ‘€μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄ 기초의회의 ꡬ성 μ‹œκΈ°μ— 따라 μ–΄λ– ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄λŠ”μ§€ λΆ„μ„ν•œλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ μ •μ±…κ²°μ •μš”μΈλ‘ (Policy Determinants Theory)에 μ˜κ±°ν•˜μ—¬ λ―Όμ„  4κΈ°λΆ€ν„° 6κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 전체 κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ κΈ°μ΄ˆμžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•λ³„ μ‘°λ‘€κ°€ μ–΄λ– ν•œ μš”μΈμ— 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•„ μ œμ •λ˜λŠ”μ§€ νŒ¨λ„νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ 톡해 κ²€ν† ν•œλ‹€. μ’…μ†λ³€μˆ˜λŠ” μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•λ³„ μ‘°λ‘€ μ œμ • λΉ„μœ¨μ΄λ©° λ…λ¦½λ³€μˆ˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒγƒ»κ²½μ œμ  μš”μΈ, μ •μΉ˜μ  μš”μΈ, μ€‘μ•™μ •μΉ˜ μš”μΈ 및 μ •μ±… ν–‰μœ„μžμ˜ νŠΉμ„± μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ…‹μ§Έ 각 μ˜νšŒμ‹œκΈ°λ§ˆλ‹€ μ‘°λ‘€ μ œμ •μ΄ μ–΄λ– ν•œ μš”μΈμ— 영ν–₯을 λ°›κ³  있으며 영ν–₯μš”μΈμ€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ³€ν™”ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 지 λ‹€μ€‘νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ 톡해 κ²€ν† ν•œλ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ νŒ¨λ„νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„κ³Ό λ‹€μ€‘νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ€ κΈ°μ΄ˆμžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ μœ ν˜•μΈ μ‹œγƒ»κ΅°γƒ»κ΅¬λ₯Ό ν†΅μ œλ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ 이루어진닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 뢄석 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μš”μ•½ν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 첫째 λ―Όμ„  1κΈ°λΆ€ν„° 6κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•λ³„ μ‘°λ‘€ μ œμ • λΉ„μœ¨μ˜ κ²½ν–₯성을 κ²€ν† ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό κ°œλ°œμ •μ±…κ³Ό μž¬λΆ„λ°°μ •μ±…μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄ 증가 좔세에 있으며, κ΅° μœ ν˜•μ—μ„œλŠ” 지역 경제 κ°œλ°œμ„ μœ„ν•œ κ°œλ°œμ •μ±… 결정이 크게 μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€κ³  자치ꡬ μœ ν˜•μ—μ„œλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒ μ·¨μ•½ 계측을 μœ„ν•œ 볡지 및 μ†Œλ“μ˜ 이전과 κ΄€λ ¨λœ μž¬λΆ„λ°°μ •μ±… 결정이 κ°€μž₯ 많이 μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 할당정책은 μ£Όλ―Ό μƒν™œμ— ν•„μš”ν•œ 기본적인 κ³΅κ³΅μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ΄λ―€λ‘œ 일정 λΉ„μœ¨μ„ μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 내뢀관리 μ‘°λ‘€μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄ κ°€μž₯ 크게 κ°μ†Œν•œ 것은 초창기 κΈ°μ΄ˆμ˜νšŒμ™€ 달리 μ£Όλ―Ό μƒν™œμ— λ°€μ ‘ν•œ μ‘°λ‘€ μ œμ •μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 점점 더 λ§Žμ€ λ…Έλ ₯을 기울이고 μžˆμŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ κΈ°μ΄ˆμžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄ μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•μ˜ κ²°μ •μš”μΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό 인ꡬ밀도, μ†Œλ“μˆ˜μ€€, 인ꡬꡬ쑰와 같은 μ‚¬νšŒγƒ»κ²½μ œμ  μš”μΈμ΄ μ£Όμš” 영ν–₯ μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ©° μ •μΉ˜μ  μš”μΈμ€ 크게 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒγƒ»κ²½μ œμ  μš”μΈμ΄ μ£Όμ •λΆ€ μ§€μΆœμ•‘μ˜ 차이λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•œ Fabricant(1952)λ₯Ό λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ μ •μ±…κ²°μ •μš”μΈλ‘  ν•™μžλ“€μ˜ 연ꡬ 결과와 μ–΄λŠ 정도 μΌμΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것이닀. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 뢄석 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν† λŒ€λ‘œ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 정책적 ν•¨μ˜λ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 첫째 κ°œλ°œμ •μ±…μ— λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯μš”μΈμ„ κ²€ν† ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό κΈ°μ΄ˆμžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄μ—μ„œ κ°œλ°œμ •μ±…μ˜ μˆ˜λ¦½μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μ§€κ°€ κ°•ν•˜λ©° 정책결정을 μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ μž¬μ •μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ€‘μ•™μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ§€μ›κΈˆμ— μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ§€μ—­κ°œλ°œμ •μ±…μ˜ μ›ν™œν•œ 좔진을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μƒμœ„ μ •λΆ€μ˜ μž¬μ •μ  지원이 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©° κΆκ·Ήμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ€‘μ•™μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ μž¬μ • λΆ„κΆŒν™”κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έ μž¬λΆ„λ°°μ •μ±…μ— λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯μš”μΈμ„ κ²€ν† ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό μž¬λΆ„λ°°μ •μ±… μœ ν˜•μ€ μ€‘μ•™μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ§€μ›κΈˆμ— 영ν–₯ 받지 μ•Šκ³  κΈ°μ΄ˆμžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ 자주 μž¬μ› 규λͺ¨μ™€ μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ°Έμ—¬ μˆ˜μ€€μ— 영ν–₯을 λ°›λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ§€μ—­μ˜ μˆ˜μš”μ— λΆ€ν•©ν•˜λŠ” μž¬λΆ„λ°°μ •μ±…μ˜ μˆ˜λ¦½μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 지방 사무에 λŒ€ν•œ λ³΄μΆ©μ„±μ˜ 원칙을 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ΄€λ ¨ μ‚¬λ¬΄μ˜ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ μ§€λ°©μžμΉ˜λ‹¨μ²΄ 이양과 μžμΉ˜μ±…μž„μ„±μ„ 보μž₯ν•΄μ•Όν•  것이닀. λ˜ν•œ μž¬λΆ„λ°°μ •μ±…μ˜ 결정에 지역 μ£Όλ―Όλ“€μ˜ μ°Έμ—¬λ₯Ό μ œκ³ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ œλ„μ  보완이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.제 1 μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ κ³Ό ν•„μš”μ„± 1 제 2 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒκ³Ό 방법 3 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒ 3 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 방법 및 λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ ꡬ성 5 제 2 μž₯ 이둠적 λ…Όμ˜ 및 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  7 제 1 절 μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•κ³Ό μ§€λ°©μ˜νšŒμ˜ μ‘°λ‘€ 7 1. μ§€λ°©μ˜νšŒμ˜ μ‘°λ‘€μ œμ •κΆŒκ³Ό μ •μ±… 7 2. μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•μ— κ΄€ν•œ 이둠적 λ…Όμ˜ 9 3. μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•μ— κ΄€ν•œ 선행연ꡬ 13 제 2 절 μ •μ±…κ²°μ •μ˜ 영ν–₯μš”μΈ 17 1. μ •μ±…κ²°μ •μš”μΈλ‘  17 2. μ§€λ°©μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ •μ±…κ²°μ •μš”μΈμ— κ΄€ν•œ 선행연ꡬ 18 3. μ‘°λ‘€ μ œμ •μ˜ 영ν–₯μš”μΈμ— κ΄€ν•œ 선행연ꡬ 23 제 3 절 μ„ ν–‰μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μ‹œμ‚¬μ  25 제 3 μž₯ 연ꡬ 섀계 및 뢄석 방법 27 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 뢄석틀과 κ°€μ„€μ˜ μ„€μ • 27 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 뢄석틀 27 2. κ°€μ„€μ˜ μ„€μ • 31 제 2 절 μ£Όμš” λ³€μˆ˜ μ„€λͺ… 42 1. 연ꡬ λŒ€μƒ 및 κΈ°κ°„ 42 2. μ’…μ†λ³€μˆ˜ 43 3. λ…λ¦½λ³€μˆ˜ 54 4. ν†΅μ œλ³€μˆ˜ 62 제 3 절 연ꡬ 방법 및 자료의 μˆ˜μ§‘ 64 1. 연ꡬ 방법 64 2. 자료 μˆ˜μ§‘ 방법 66 제 4 μž₯ μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•μ˜ μ‹œκΈ°λ³„ κ²°μ •μš”μΈ 뢄석 69 제 1 절 μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•μ˜ 변화와 λ…λ¦½λ³€μˆ˜μ˜ κΈ°μˆ ν†΅κ³„ 69 1. μ‹œκΈ°λ³„ μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•μ˜ λ³€ν™” 69 2. λ…λ¦½λ³€μˆ˜μ˜ κΈ°μˆ ν†΅κ³„ 78 제 2 절 μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•μ˜ κ²°μ •μš”μΈ 뢄석 94 1. κ°œλ°œμ •μ±… 94 2. μž¬λΆ„λ°°μ •μ±… 100 3. ν• λ‹Ήμ •μ±… 105 4. μ •μ±…μœ ν˜•λ³„ κ²°μ •μš”μΈμ˜ κ²€ν†  110 제 5 μž₯ κ²°λ‘  115 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όμ˜ μš”μ•½ 115 제 2 절 μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όμ˜ ν•¨μ˜ 118 제 3 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•œκ³„ 121 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 122 λΆ€ 둝 132 Abstract 145Maste

    (a) Study on R. Schumanns Liederkreis Op.38 - Program annotation -

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μŒμ•…κ³Ό, 2017. 2. μ „μŠΉν˜„.λ³Έ 논문은 석사과정 Graduate Recital : Robert Schumann의 Liederkreis Op. 39을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ, 슈만의 생애와 μž‘ν’ˆ Liederkreisλ₯Ό 뢄석 연ꡬ ν•˜λŠ” 것에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”μ–΄ μ„œμˆ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ°€κ³‘μ΄λΌλŠ” μž₯λ₯΄λŠ” λ‚­λ§Œμ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μž‘κ³‘κ°€ Franz Schubert에 μ˜ν•΄ ν™•λ¦½λ˜μ—ˆκ³  이어 Robert Schumann에 μ˜ν•΄ λ”μš± λ°œμ „λœ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ 자리 μž‘μ•˜λ‹€. 무엇보닀도 Schumann(μ΄ν•˜ 슈만)은 가곑과 μ‹œμ— λŒ€ν•œ κΉŠμ€ 해석을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 가곑이 μ‹œμ˜ μ„œμ •κ³Ό μ„¬μ„Έν•˜κ²Œ μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬λŠ” μŒμ•…μ  ν‘œν˜„μ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν–ˆκ³ , κΈ°μˆ μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” λ°˜μ£ΌλΆ€μ˜ μ„ μœ¨μ„ μ€‘μš”μ‹œν•˜μ—¬ 성악뢀와 λŒ€λ“±ν•œ μ‘°ν™”λ‘œμ›€ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ 슈만 고유의의 μŒμ•…μ„ λ‹ΉλŒ€μ˜ 세상에 널리 μ•Œλ ΈμœΌλ©° λ‚­λ§Œμ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 정점을 μ΄λ£¨μ—ˆλ‹€. μž‘κ³‘κ°€μ΄μž, μŒμ•…ν‰λ‘ κ°€μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆλ˜ μŠˆλ§Œμ€ 직접 μš΄μ˜μΆœνŒν•œ μŒμ•…ν‰λ‘ μ§€λ₯Ό 톡해 세상에 λ§Žμ€ μŒμ•… μΈμž¬λ“€μ„ λ°œκ΅΄ν•˜μ—¬ μ•Œλ Έλ‹€. μŠˆλ§Œμ— μ˜ν•΄ ν˜Έν‰μ„ λ°›κ³  널리 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 덕에 λͺ‡λͺ‡ μŒμ•…κ°€λ“€μ΄ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ κΉŒμ§€ 세상에 κ·Έ 자취λ₯Ό λ‚¨κΈ°κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ λ‚­λ§Œμ‹œλŒ€μ— 크게 κΈ°μ—¬ν•œ μ—­ν•  λ˜ν•œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μŠˆλ§Œμ—κ²Œ 1840년은 κ°€κ³‘μ˜ 해라 칭해진닀. 이 해에 어렡사리 κ²°ν˜Όμ„ ν–ˆλ˜ κ³„κΈ°λ‘œ 거의 폭발적으둜 가곑을 μž‘κ³‘ν•΄λƒˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 슈만의 전성기라 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 이 μ‹œκΈ°μ— μž‘κ³‘λœ 연가곑, Liederkreis Op. 39λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κ·Έκ°€ μ˜λ„ν•œ μŒμ•…μ„Έκ³„λ₯Ό μ’€ 더 깊이 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 슈만이 μž‘κ³‘ν•œ κ°€κ³‘μ˜ κ°€μž₯ λ‘λ“œλŸ¬μ§„ νŠΉμ§•μ€, ν”Όμ•„λ…Έ λ°˜μ£Όμ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ΄μ „κ³ΌλŠ” ν™•μ—°νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 진전을 μ΄λ€„λƒˆλ‹€. 즉, λ°˜μ£ΌλΆ€κ°€ 성악을 λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠ” μ‘°λ ₯자 역할이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, μ„±μ•…κ³Ό 같이 λ™λ“±ν•œ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ 각자의 성격을 가지고 μŒμ•…μ΄ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λŠ” 것이닀. μ—°κ°€κ³‘μ˜ ꡬ성은 전체 12곑으둜 λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ° 각각의 곑이 이야기가 μ—°κ²°λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ 보인닀. κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 전체적인 톡일감을 μ£ΌκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 지뢕 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μ„ μœ¨μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€κ³  E – H – E λͺ¨ν‹°λΈŒλ‘œ 동합적인 완성도λ₯Ό μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 또 슈만만의 λ°˜μŒκ³„μ  화성진행, λΉ„ν™”μ„±μŒμ˜ μ‚¬μš©μœΌλ‘œ κ³ μ „μŒμ•…μ˜ μ‘°μ„±μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ λ‚­λ§Œμ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 쀑심에 μ„  독창적인 슈만 고유의 μŒμ•…μ„ μ΄λ€„λƒˆλ‹€.Based on the masterΒ΄s course Graduate Recital : Robert Schumanns Liederkreis Op. 39, this paper focused on analyzing and studying Schumann's life and work Liederkreis. The genre called art song was established by the composer Franz Schubert in the Romantic period, and was further developed by Robert Schumann. Above all, Schumann (hereinafter Schumann) was based on a deep interpretation of art song and poetry. art song enabled musical expression delicately harmonized with lyricism of poems and technically, it emphasized the melody of accompaniment, stressing the harmony equal to vocal music. Thus, Schumann's own music was widely known to the contemporary world and reached the peak of the Romantic period. Schumann, a composer and music critic, discovered and informed many musical talents to the world through a music review operated and published by himself. A favorable review by Schumann and resulting popularity enabled some musicians to leave their traces on the world to this day, so his great contribution to the Romantic period is also important. To Schumann, 1840 is called the year of art songs. This was due to the fact that he married in a difficult way this year and composed art songs almost explosively with it as a momentum. This paper was to get a deeper understanding of his intended music world by analyzing a song cycle, Liederkreis Op. 39 composed at this time that can be called as Schumanns heyday. The most striking feature of art songs composed by Schumann is that it achieved a progress remarkably different from before in the piano accompaniment. In other words, it is not the role of the accompaniment to help the vocal music, but music is played with each character in the same position as vocal music. The song cycle was composed of 12 songs, so it doesn't seem to have unity because the stories of each song are not connected. However, Schumann used roof-type melody and E – H – E motive to give the whole unity. In addition, it achieved original Schumann's own music at the heart of romantic period by deviating from the composition of classical music with the use of Schumann's own chromatic chord progression, non harmonic tone.β… . μ„œλ‘  1 β…‘. 슈만(Robert Alexander Schumann)의 생애 2 β…’. μž‘ν’ˆλΆ„μ„ 4 1. Liederkreis Op. 39 μž‘ν’ˆ λ°°κ²½ 4 2. Liederkreis Op. 39 μ—°κ°€κ³‘μ˜ νŠΉμ§• 5 3. Liederkreis Op. 39 가곑별 뢄석연ꡬ 6 (1) In der Fremde (타ν–₯μ—μ„œ) 6 (2) Intermezzo (간주곑) 10 (3) Waldesgesprch (숲의 λŒ€ν™”) 13 (4) Die Stille (κ³ μš”) 18 (5) Mondnacht (달밀) 23 (6) Schne Fremde (μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 타ν–₯) 26 (7) Auf einer Burg (μ„± μœ„μ—μ„œ) 29 (8) In der Fremde (타ν–₯μ—μ„œ) 32 (9) Wehmut (λΉ„μ• ) 34 (10) Zwielicht (ν™©ν˜Ό) 37 (11) Im Walde (μˆ²μ—μ„œ) 41 (12) Frhlingsnacht (λ΄„λ°€) 46 β…£. κ²°λ‘  50 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 51 Abstract 52Maste

    Identification of hepatitis E virus in human and application of real-time RT-PCR in detection

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    Thesis(master`s)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μˆ˜μ˜ν•™κ³Ό μˆ˜μ˜λ―Έμƒλ¬Όν•™ 전곡,2006.Maste

    Classification of q-ary perfect poset codes with crown poset structure

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    Maste

    νŠΉλ°œμ„± μ €μ‹ μž₯ 및 단독 μ„±μž₯ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ 결핍증을 가진 144 λͺ…μ˜ ν•œκ΅­ μ†Œμ•„ ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€ μ—ΌκΈ° μ„œμ—΄ 뢄석 νŒ¨λ„ 기반 μœ μ „μ  변이 μŠ€ν¬λ¦¬λ‹

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    Purpose: To investigate the distribution of mutation in genes causing short stature in Korean pediatric patients with idiopathic short stature and isolated growth hormone deficiency and to analyze clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with mutation identified through targeted next-generation sequencing panel. Methods: A total of 144 patients aged between 5 and 19 years who were diagnosed with isolated growth hormone deficiency or idiopathic short stature and who visited the Department of Pediatrics at Severance Children's Hospital from January 2013 to December 2013 were selected as subjects of this study. Targeted next-generation sequencing panel for short stature was designed to include 96 genes. Results: Identified heterozygous pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants in 14 (10%) patients. Of the mutated genes, PROKR2 (n = 3) is associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency or hypopituitarism, while FGFR1 (n = 1) and NPR2 (n = 3) encode growth plate paracrine factors. FBN1 (n = 1), COL9A1 (n = 1), MATN3 (n = 1), and ACAN (n = 3) regulate the cartilage extracellular matrix, while PTPN11 (n = 1) controls intracellular pathways. Six patients had IGHD, and eight patients had ISS. Conclusions: We performed the genetic analysis of non-syndromic short stature for the first time in Korea. The patients with growth hormone deficiency and idiopathic short stature without dysmorphic features may have a gene defect in the growth plate and cartilage extracellular matrix. In cases of short stature cannot be diagnosed by the hormone test alone, a genetic test is required. λͺ©μ  : κ΅­λ‚΄ μ†Œμ•„ νŠΉλ°œμ„± μ €μ‹ μž₯ 및 단독 μ„±μž₯ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ 결핍 ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ μ €μ‹ μž₯을 μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ” μœ μ „μžμ˜ λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄ 뢄포λ₯Ό μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜κ³  ν‘œμ  μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€ μ—ΌκΈ° μ„œμ—΄ 뢄석 νŒ¨λ„μ„ 톡해 확인 된 λŒμ—°λ³€μ΄ ν™˜μžμ˜ μž„μƒ 및 λΆ„μž 적 νŠΉμ„±μ„ 뢄석 ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 방법 : 2013 λ…„ 1 μ›”λΆ€ν„° 2013 λ…„ 12 μ›”κΉŒμ§€ μ„ΈλΈŒλž€μŠ€ 병원 μ†Œμ•„μ²­μ†Œλ…„κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ—¬ 단독 μ„±μž₯ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ 결핍증 λ˜λŠ” νŠΉλ°œμ„± μ €μ‹ μž₯으둜 진단받은 5 ~ 19 μ„Έ 총 144 λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν‘œμ  μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€ μ—ΌκΈ°μ„œμ—΄ 뢄석 νŒ¨λ„μ€ 96 개의 μœ μ „μžλ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ„€κ³„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ²°κ³Ό : 144 λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μž 쀑 14 λͺ… (10%)μ—μ„œ μ΄ν˜• μ ‘ν•© pathogenic λ˜λŠ” likely pathogenic μœ μ „μ  변이가 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μœ μ „μ  λ³€μ΄λŠ” 이미 μ €μ‹ μž₯κ³Ό 관련이 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ””. 3λͺ…μ—κ²Œμ„œ ν™•μΈλœ PROKR2 μœ μ „μž λ³€μ΄λŠ” μ„±μž₯ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ 결핍과 관련이 있으며 μ„±μž₯판의 파라크린 μΈμžμ— 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” FGFR1 (n = 1)및 NPR2 (n = 3) μœ μ „μž 변이가 ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 연골 세포 μ™Έ κΈ°μ§ˆμ— 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” μœ μ „μž FBN1 (n = 1), COL9A1 (n = 1), MATN3 (n = 1) 및 ACAN (n = 3)의 λ³€μ΄λŠ” 6λͺ…μ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 세포 λ‚΄ κ²½λ‘œμ— 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” PTPN11 (n = 1 )λ³€μ΄λŠ” ν•œ λͺ…μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 6 λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžλŠ” 단독 μ„±μž₯ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ κ²°ν•μ΄μ—ˆκ³  8λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžλŠ” νŠΉλ°œμ„± μ €μ‹ μž₯μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. κ²°λ‘  : κ΅­λ‚΄ 졜초둜 단독 μ €μ‹ μž₯의 μœ μ „μž 뢄석을 μˆ˜ν–‰ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ €μ‹ μž₯은 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ κ²€μ‚¬λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 진단 ν•  수 μ—†μœΌλ©°, 단독 μ„±μž₯ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ 결핍 ν™˜μžλŠ” μ„±μž₯판과 연골 세포 μ™Έ κΈ°μ§ˆμ— μœ μ „μž κ²°ν•¨μ΄μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ μœ μ „μž 검사가 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.openλ°•
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