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    ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ Naegleria fowleri ๋ฉด์—ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[์˜๋ฌธ] [ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ธ์ฒด์—์„œ ์›๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋‡Œ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” Naegleria fowleri๋Š” ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘ ์›์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ž์œ ์ƒํ™œ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์˜ ์ผ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘์€ ์–ด๋ฅธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋นˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ํŽธ์ด๋‹ค. N. fowleri์˜ ์ˆ˜๋™๋ฉด์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ž„์‹  ์ค‘ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ํƒœ๋ฐ˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์ค‘(่ƒŽไธญ)์ธ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์— ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋งŒํ›„์˜ ์ˆ˜์œ (ๆŽˆไนณ)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ € ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. N. fowleri ์˜์–‘ํ˜• 0359์ฃผ(ๆ ช)๋Š” 37โ„ƒ ํ•ญ์˜จ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ CGVS๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด๊ตฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹คํ—˜๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ICR๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” 3โˆผ4์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์œ ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ N. fowleri๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹ ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋œ ํ›„ 1์ฃผ ๋˜๋Š” 2์ฃผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” N. fowleri ์˜์–‘ํ˜•์„ 1์ฃผ์ผ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 2ํšŒ ์ฃผ์ž…์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ secobarbital๋กœ ๋งˆ์ทจ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ N. fowleri์˜์–‘ํ˜• 5ร—10**4 ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ์œ ๋œ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์‹์—ผ์ˆ˜ ๋ถ€์œ ์•ก 5ฮผl๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ฐ•๋‚ด๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์‹คํ—˜ โ… ๊ตฐ์€ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ N. fowleri ๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ธ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜ โ…ก๊ตฐ์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋œ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ์•ˆ๋œ ์ •์ƒ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋ชจ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ธ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ตฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ โ…ข๊ตฐ์€ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์‹์—ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋‚ด๋กœ ์ฃผ์ž…์‹œํ‚จ ์ •์ƒ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋งˆ ์šฐ์Šค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚จ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋ชจ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ธ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์‹คํ—˜โ…ฃ๊ตฐ์€ ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋‚ด๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์‹์—ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…์‹œํ‚จ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์œ ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ธ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฏธ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ์–ด๋ฏธ์™€ ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ N. fowleri ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํšจ์†Œํ‘œ์‹ ๋ฉด์—ญ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ• (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  2โˆผ3์ฃผ์— ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ โ… , โ…ก, โ…ข์—์„œ N. fowleri ๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋งˆ์šฐ ์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์กด๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ ๋‹ค. ์ž„์‹  1โˆผ2์ฃผ์— ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ โ… , โ…ก, โ…ข์˜ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ์‚ฌ๋ง์œจ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต ํ•  ๋•Œ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ƒ์กด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. N, fowleri๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค ๋ณต๊ฐ•๋‚ด์— ๋‘์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ฃผ์ž…์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ๋งค์ฃผ ์ธก์ •๋œ ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์  ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ 3โˆผ4์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์œ ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ N. fowleri๋กœ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์ง์ „์— ํ˜ˆ์ฒญ๋‚ด์˜ ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์‹ค ํ—˜๊ตฐ โ… , โ…ก, โ…ข ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์˜ ๋‡Œ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ N. fowleri ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฐ”์„ฑ ๋‡Œ์ˆ˜๋ง‰์—ผ์˜ ์—ผ์ฆ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์–ด๋ฏธ ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค์— N. fowleri๋กœ ๋ฉด์—ญ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ์ด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒˆ ๋ผ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฉด์—ญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋™๋ฉด์—ญ์€ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค๋กœ ํƒœ๋ฐ˜ ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋  ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ชจ์œ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. Experimental Study on Vertical Transmission of Immunity Against Naegleria fowleri Myoung-Hee Ahn Department of Medical Science The Graduate School, Yonsei University (Directed by Professor Keun-Tae Lee, M.D. and Professor Kyung-Il Im. H.D.) Naegleria fowleri, a highly pathogenic free-living amoeba, has been recognized as a causative agent of fatal meningoencephalitis in humans, especially in young children. Several studies have shown that maternal (colostral and/or transplacental) antibody may passively protect the newborn against infectious agents prior to the acquired immunity. The present investigation was aimed to study the effect of vertical transmission of immunity against N. fowleri infection from dams to offsprings in murine model. Naegleria fowlers, strain 0359, cultivated axenically in CGVS medum at 37โ„ƒ was employed as an experimental pathogen. Male and female ICR mice were mated for two weeks with 3:2 ratio, respectively. Pregnant mice were immunized by intraperitoneal inoculation of live trophozoites of N. fowlers, with an inoculum of 1ร—10**5 amoebae once a week for 2 times. Immunization was done on the 2nd and 3rd week gestation. Immediately after the delivery, the newborns were mated either with their dams (Immunized vs. non-immunized) or with foster mothers (immunized vs. non-immunized), and were fed milk for 3 to 4 weeks. The mice were inoculated intranasally with 5ร—10**4 live N. fowleri, trophozoites in 10ฮผl physiological saline under secobarbital anesthesia. After infection, they were inspected daily until sacrifice. After sequential immunization and just before infection in cases of offsprings, the serum IgG response in mice against N. fowleri was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). For the study, Naegleria trophozoites were disrupted by sonicator and sedimented at 8,000ร—g for 1 hour. The supernatant was used as Naegleria antigen for ELISA after dialysis. The optical density of the serum IgG level were significantly increased from 0.21ยฑ0.11 before immunization to 0.45ยฑ0.29 and 1.02ยฑ0.28 after 1st and 2nd immunization, respectively. The mortality rate (53.6%) in experimental progeny was also significantly decreased as compared with controls(93.6%) when dams were immunized on the 2nd and 3rd week gestation. Mean survival time did not prolong in experimental groups as compared with control group. In addition. serum IgG levels of the offsprings mated with immunized dams(natural or foster) were higher than those of the control group. Based on these results, it is considered that maternal immunity against N. fowleri is transferred to the offsprings through the placenta and/or milk.restrictio
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